BATTLES BC: HANNIBAL THE ANNIHILATOR
SECOND PUNIC WAR, 218-201 BC
After the First Punic War and leading up to the Second Punic war, the Romans were
_______________________________, but Carthage was still the power on the Mediterranean.
The number of casualties of the First Punic War was about ____________________.
Technically it ended _________________, but ____________________ got the worst of the
peace treaty by having to reduce its navy.
Carthage’s military leader was _________________________________. His son
__________________ was the future leader; he grew up on military camps learning how to fight
and command. Father and son were both motivated by extreme hatred of Rome.
Two ways that Hannibal motivated his men:
Hannibal took control of Carthage’s army at age __________ in ___________BC.
The Second Punic War began after Hannibal provoked Rome by attacking Saguntum in
Iberia (modern Spain), then advancing on Rome by (Land/Sea) with ________________ men.
The Roman general sent to stop Hannibal was Publius Cornelius ____________. Their
first battle was by the ___________ River; it was a cavalry skirmish involving _____________
men. Hannibal retreated, why?
Hannibal chose to enter Rome by going ___________________________. He was faced
with death by nature as well as tribes of ________________. At the other side of the mountains,
Hannibal had lost __________ of his army. How did he replenish it?
The next time that the Roman and Carthaginian armies met, each was roughly
_________________ strong. Carthage’s is mostly made up of _____________________, while
the Romans were disciplined and uniform. Their main advantage over enemies was:
The Battle at Ticinus River, 218 BC: _________________ lost; _________________
was wounded.
Battle at Trebia River, 218 BC: wintery and cold, the battle was won by
__________________ because of smart commanding and use of forces. _________________
soldiers out of __________________ died. Hannibal lost all of his elephants but one.
In 217 BC, Rome raised ___________________ more soldiers and sent two new consuls
to hunt Hannibal: Geminus and Flaminius. The consuls divided, and what happened?
At Lake __________________ in 217 BC, Hannibal set up an ambush for the Roman
army pursuing him. He bet that they would follow his trap to be slaughtered.
_____________________ men, including ____________________ died. Hannibal’s side lost
________________ men. This made ______ victories for Hannibal in ________ years.
Rome named a ____________________, a rare desperate measure. His name was
Quintus Fabius Maximus. He raised an army of ________________________. His strategy,
called the Fabian Strategy, was:
It would have worked, but the Senate was impatient. After 6 months, they elected new consuls to
share command.
Battle of Cannae, 215 BC: Rome had __________________ soldiers and
______________ cavalry to Hannibal’s _________________ soldiers. Both generals use new
tactics, but one was much more successful. The first success in the battle was by
_________________’s cavalry. Hannibal’s strategy to compress the Roman army then worked,
eliminating their numbers advantage. In a single day, in a battle of ___________________,
____________________ Romans were killed.
It was still impossible for Hannibal to invade Rome, why?
END OF SECOND PUNIC WAR
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Rome went back to using the Fabian strategy of outlasting Hannibal. While the
Carthaginians were still attacking around Italy for over a decade, they took back all of the
Major Italian cities that had joined Hannibal and regained strength.
The Romans sent armies to the Iberian Peninsula. Why did this hurt the Carthaginians
with Hannibal in Italy?
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The Roman armies, led by Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, ended Carthaginian
control in Iberia in 206 BC by forcing Hannibal’s brother Hamilcar to retreat back to join
the Carthaginian army in Italy.
Scipio Africanus used his popularity after success to raise an army to invade Africa.
Carthage had two options:
Hannibal did return, but initially tried to negotiate peace. Negotiations failed and the
decisive Battle of Zama near the city of Carthage followed in 202 BC.
Hannibal: ________________ infantry, ___________ cavalry, ________ elephants.
Scipio: __________________ infantry, ___________ cavalry (mostly Numidian)
THIRD PUNIC WAR 144-146
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Carthage had to pay ________________ every year for _______ years. They also needed
Roman permission to declare war, and Rome decided any border disputes between
Carthage and Numidia.
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In 151 BC, the 50 years were up and payments stopped. Carthage considered the treaty
over. Rome did not – they intended the war and border clauses to be permanent.
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Why was Carthage now expendable to Rome?
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Rome used a small infraction by Carthage defending itself to make petty demands. They
eventually refused and Rome began a siege. The siege lasted from ______ to ______ BC.
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Many Carthaginians died of starvation or in the final attacks. All _______________
surviving citizens were sold into slavery. Rome annexed the area for _______________
and burned the city to the ground.