Classical Civilizations
Classical Greece
Rome
Byzantine Empire and Russia
Essential Questions
1. How did the location of the Minoan and
Mycenaean peoples shape their
civilizations?
2. How did war and democracy shape
societies in Ancient Greece?
Vocabulary
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Polis
Acropolis
Agora
Helots
Hoplites
Hubris
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Democracy
Solon
Tyrant
Cleisthenes
Direct Democracy
Archon
Phalanx
Pericles
Polis
• City-State
• Basic Political Unit of Greece
Acropolis
• High area of the city
• Usually housed the temple to the gods
Agora
• Public places in the city such as the
marketplace
Helots
• Slaves of the state in Sparta
Hoplites
• Foot soldiers in the Army of Sparta
Hubris
• Great Pride of Heroes in Greek Myths
• Often brought them to their end as a
lesson to other Greeks not to overstretch
their abilities
Democracy
• Government of Athens where government
was run by the people
Solon
• Allowed all of the men of Athens
to participate in the Assembly
as members of juries
• Only the wealthy could be
elected to office
Tyrant
• Strong man that
seizes power by force
Cleisthenes
• Reformed the government of Athens by
dividing it into 10 districts that elected
representatives
Direct Democracy
• All citizens vote directly on an issue
Archon
• Elected Official that served as the Chief of
State of Athens for a period of one year
Phalanx
• Tight rectangle formation of troops
Pericles
• Most influential
leader of Athens for
many years
Map of Ancient Greece
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Ionian Sea
Aegean Sea
Black Sea
Sparta
Messene
Argos
Olympia
Peloponnesus
Corinth
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Megara
Athens
Delphi
Thebes
Delos
Macedonia
Knossos
Sardis
Ephesus
Byzantium
Early Greece
Location
Minos
Government
Ruler
Mycenaea
Corinth
Athens
What were the gods of Greek Mythology like? Why did the Ancient
Greeks create myths? Why did the Greeks create stories about
heroes?
The Classical Age
Rulers
Draco
Solon
Peisistratus
Cleisthenes
Problems
Solutions
Quiz 1
Pick 5
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Polis
Acropolis
Agora
Helots
Hoplites
Hubris
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Democracy
Solon
Tyrant
Cleisthenes
Direct Democracy
Archon
Phalanx
Pericles
Essential Questions
1. What were the major achievements in
philosophy, literature, art and architecture
of the Classical Age of Ancient Greece?
2. What were the achievements and legacy
of Alexander the Great
Socrates
• First of the Great
Athenian
philosophers
Plato
• Student of Socrates
• Left behind a series of
writings
Aristotle
• Student of the Academy
• Concerned with the nature of the world
around him
Reason
• Clear and ordered
thinking
Logic
• The process of making inferences
Homer
• Wrote the Iliad and
the Odyssey
Lyric Poem
• Poems that deal
with emotions
and desires
Herodotus
• First major writer
of Greek history
Thucydides
• Wrote about the Peloponnesian Wars
Alexander the Great
• King of Macedonia
• Built the largest Empire in the world up to
that point
Hellenistic
• Greek like civilization
• Spread of culture across the empire of
Alexander the Great
Euclid
• Formulated many of the ideas we have
about Geometry today
Eratosthenes
• Calculated the circumference of the globe
Archimedes
• Developed a compound pulley system and
the lever
Quiz
Choose 5
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Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Reason/Logic
Homer
Herodotus
Thucydides
• Alexander the Great
• Hellenistic
Ancient Rome
Essential Questions:
• How did Rome grow from a small town to the
center of an empire spanning the entire
Mediterranean area?
• What led to the end of the Roman Republic and
the creation of a new form of government?
• What social and cultural factors influenced life in
Rome, and what was the cultural legacy of
Rome?
Map of Rome
(Page 175)
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Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Spain
Gaul
Britain
Greece
Africa
Egypt
• Carthage
• Rome
• Roman Republic
100BC
• Republic at Caesar’s
death
• Empire at Augustus
Death
• Empire 117AD
Republic
• A new type of government where elected
officials governed the state
Patrician
• Heads of the Aristocratic families of Rome
Plebeians
• Common people of Rome
Veto
• To ban a law that seemed unjust or
harmful to the plebeians
Forum
• The central square of Rome where the
Twelve Tables of law were posted
Constitution
• Political structure of the Roman Republic
Senate
• Body of 300 members that advised elected
officials, controlled public finances and
handled all foreign policy decisions
Consuls
• Two magistrates elected to 1 year terms
as Chief Executive and Commanders of
the Army
Dictator
• An office holder that
was given unlimited
power in times of crisis
in Rome
• Only 6 months
Quiz
Choose 5
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Republic
Patricians
Plebeians
Veto
Forum
Constitution
Senate
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Consuls
Dictator
Punic wars
Scipio
Hannibal
Gracchi
• Two reform minded brothers who served
as tribunes around 133 BC
Gaius Marius
• Improved recruitment in
the armies by allowing
poor people to join
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
• Consul of Rome in 88 BC
• Led his army into Rome sparking a Civil
War
Julius Caesar
• Helped bring an end to the
republic
• Defeated Pompey to
become dictator for life
• Rule of thee men
• 1st triumvirate- Julius Caesar,
Gnaeus Pompey, Licinius Crassus
• 2nd triumvirate- Marc Anthony, Octavian,
Lepidus
Triumvirate
Augustus
• Octavian’s name after he
was named the head of
state of Rome
Pax Romana
• Period of stable government, strong legal
system, widespread trade and peace in
Rome
Vocabulary
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Villa
Circuses
Paterfamilias
Augurs
Galen
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Ptolemy
Aqueducts
Latin
Civil Law
Villa
• Country home for the wealthy
Circuses
• Place where Chariot races took place
Paterfamilias
• The head of the family was
the family father
Augurs
• Priests who interpreted the signs from the
gods
Galen
• Roman physician that wrote medical
volumes summarizing the medical
knowledge of the day
Ptolemy
• Recorded information and knowledge of
astrnomy
Aqueducts
• Man made channels used to bring water to
the cities.
Latin
• The language of
Rome
Civil Law
• Form of law based
upon a formal written
code of laws
Fall of Rome/Byzantine Empire
• Essential Questions:
• What led to the weakening and eventual
collapse of the Roman Empire in the
west?
• How did the eastern half of the Roman
Empire maintain its strength for centuries
after the west half of the empire declined?
Inflation
• Dramatic rise in prices
Diocletian
• Changed the empire
into and absolute
monarchy
• Divided the empire into
two parts/ eastern and
western Rome
Attila
• The leader of the Huns
• Attacked Rome around 450 AD
Byzantine Empire
• Eastern Roman Empire
• Constantinople was the capital
Justinian I
• Emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 527
to 565 AD
Theodora
• Wife of Justinian I
• Served as co-ruler of the empire
Belisarius
• Top General of Justinian I
• Recaptured North Africa and parts of Italy
for the Roman Empire
Mosaics
• Pictures created using colored tiles of
glass, stone or clay
Icons
• Painting or sculptures of sacred figures
Clergy
• Church
Officials
Orthodox
Church
• Eastern Roman
Church
Rus
• Northern Europeans that helped the Slavs
Yaroslav the Wise
• Grand Prince of Kiev from 1019-1054
Cyril and Methodius
• Monks also brothers sent to convert the
Slavs to Christianity
Cyrillic Alphabet
• Written Slavonic language
Vladimir I
• Was baptized a Christian and became the
Grand Duke of Kiev
• Made Christianity the official state religion
of Kievan Russia
Alexander Nevsky
• Alexander Prince of Novgorod led Russian
armies vs. invasion from the North and
West
• Hero of early Russia