Classification vocabulary
Aristotle
Ancient Greek - classified organisms into two
categories - Animal and Plant
Arthropoda Phylum
Insects, spiders, millipedes. Name means
"jointed limbs"
Invertebrates with exoskeleton. Complex
nervous system
Annelid Phylum
Annelid Phylum
Earthworms, bristle worms and leeches. Name
means "segmented worms" with tiny hairs
called bristles. Invertebrates and live in many
different environments.
Closed circulatory system.
Archaea Domain
Unicellular prokaryotes but cell wall doesn't
contain peptidoglycan. Considered most ancient
of living things - Archae means "ancient ones"
Autotroph -:
Organisms that can create their own food: either
by using sunlight (photosynthesis) or other
chemicals (chemosynthesis).
Fancy name for "producer"
Bacteria Domain
Prokaryotic - no nucleus
Unicellular bacteria with thick cell walls that
contain peptidoglycan.
Binomial Nomenclature
Two word naming system (Latin) for organisms which creates it's scientific name
First word is the Genus (always capitalized) and
second is the species (always lowecase).
Example: Panthera leo - scientific name for a
African lion
Carolus Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus:
(1707-1778) developed a classification system
consisting of levels. His levels were from
Kingdom (biggest) to species (smallest)
Known as the father of classification. Classified
organisms according to similarities in form
Classification
grouping of things based on common
characteristics
Cnidarian phyla
Cnidaria
Jellyfish, sea anemones, coral.
Simple animals whose body plan consists of cells
and tissue.
Name means "stinging cell" all animals in this
phylum have stinging cells on tentacles which are
used to paralyze or kill their prey.
Domain
Domain -:
Largest classification category according to
modern classification
Echinodermata Phylum
EchinodermataStarfish,sea urchins, sea cucumbers and sea
lilies. Complex animals with organ systems and
a water vascular system.
Name means "spiny skin" all have an
endoskeleton with spines. Invertebrate. All live
in marine environments.
Evolution
Evolution When organisms change over time.
Supported by Darwin's theory of Natural
Selection and other data accumulated by
scientists since the late 1800's.
Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic -:
organisms with a nucleus in their cells.
Examples are Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plant
and Animal.
Eukarya Domain
Eukarya Domain -:
All organisms in this domain are Eukaryotes has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Classes
Classes classification groups within phyla
Members of each phylum are divided into
classes
Chordata
Chordata phylum -:
The vertebrates! Fish, amphibians, reptiles,
birds and mammals are the five classes in this
phylum.
Complex animals with organ systems and a
backbone. Complex nervous system.
Animal Kingdom
Eukarya domain - Eukaryote - has nucleus in
cells
All multicellular, all are consumers
No cell wall
Examples: insects, mammals, birds, fish
Families
Families Classification group within orders
or
An order is made up of similar families
Fungi Kingdom
Eukarya domain - Eukaryote - has nucleus
All have a cell wall
All are decomposers - break down dead or decaying
organic matterial
Some are unicellular, others are multicelluar
Examples: yeasts, molds, mushrooms, mildew
Genus
Classification group within families
or
Each family is made up of groups of genera
2nd smallest group (makes up part of scientific
name)
Heterotroph
Heterotroph An organism that has to eat others for food.
Can be an herbivore (eats only plants), carnivore
(eats only other animals) or scavenger.
Fancy name for "consumer"
Organism
Organism Any living thing
Orders
Orders Classification group within classes
or
Members of each class is made up of different
orders
Molluska Phyla
Snails/slugs, clams/oysters/mussels, octopus/squid. More complex animals
with body systems. Name Molluska means "soft bodied"
Invertebrates with open circulatory system.
Three classes:
bivalves : "2 shelled" clams/oysters
gastropods: snails and slugs
cephalopods: "head foot" octopus and squid
Kingdom
Kingdom According to Linnaeus's classification system it
was the largest and most general classification
category
2nd largest in modern classification system
Porifera phylum
Sponges. Simple animals whose body is made
up of only two layers of cells. Filter feeders and
live in marine environments.
Plant Kingdom
Eukarya domain - Eukaryote - has nucleus
All multicellular and all have a cell wall
All are producers
Examples: ferns, mosses, conifers, flowering
plants
Phylum
Phylum classification groups within a kingdom
3rd largest classification group
Prokaryotic
No nucleus in cells or membrane bound
organelles.
Examples: Domain Archae and Bacteria. All
bacteria.
Protista Kingdom
In Eukarya domain - Eukaryote (having a nucleus)
Some have a cell wall, others don't
Some are consumers, others producers, other decomposers
(animal like protists, plant like protists, fungi like protists)
Mostly unicellular, but some multicellular
Name means "odds and ends" in Latin
Examples: protozoans, algae, slime molds, amoeba
Scientific name
• Scientific name • Name given to organism using it's genus and
species name. (Binomial nomenclature)
Species
Smallest classification category
Each genus is divided into species.
Species also describes a group of similar
organisms that can breed and produce fertile
offspring.
Taxonomy
Taxonomy The science of identifying, classifying and
naming living things.