Periodic Table
Alabama Course of Study
• 3.) Determine the number of protons,
neutrons, and electrons, and the mass of an
element using the periodic table.
• 3.1 Locating metals, nonmetals, metalloids,
and noble gases on the periodic table
• 3.2 Using data about the number of
electrons in the outer shell of an atom to
determine its reactivity
Mendeleev
• Russian chemist
• Saw a pattern to
elements
• Arrange a table in
order of increasing
atomic mass
Shiny Conduct Conduct Malleable Ductile Example
/ dull Electricity Heat
/Brittle
Metal
Nonmetal
Metalloid
3 main categories of Elements
• Three main categories of elements
are Metals, Nonmetals, and
metalloids.
– Metals- shiny, and they conduct heat
energy and electric current
– Nonmetals-do not conduct heat or
electric current and are dull in color
– Metalloids- have properties of both
metals and nonmetals
More details
• Metals-shiny, good conductors,
malleable, and ductile.
• Nonmetals-dull, poor
conductors, brittle, and
unmalleable.
• Metalloids- catch-all category or
a category that has all the leftovers.
General Terms
• Periodic Law- repeating chemical
and physical properties of elements
change periodically with the atomic
numbers of the elements
• Period- a horizontal row of elements
• Group- vertical row of elements
Metal, Nonmetals, and Metalloids on a
Periodic Table
• Metals are to the left of the staircase
• They are the elements in tan
• Nonmetals are found to the right of the staircase except Hydrogen
• They are in the light blue
• Metalloids- are along the staircase except Aluminum
• They are in the green, teal color
Parts of a Periodic Table
Hydrogen is in its own group on the chart with one electron
Group 1
Alkali Metals are in the yellow color on this table
Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level-1
Most Reactive so they must be stored in oil
Group 2
Alkaline-Earth Metals are in the light green color
Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level-2
Very Reactive but less than alkali
Groups 3-12
Transition Metals are in the green color in the center
Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level-1 or 2
3rd Most reactive group
Group 13
Boron Group is in the teal color on this table
Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level-3
4th most reactive
Lanthanides- Purple on table/ shiny in color and reactive
Actinides- Blue on table/ do not occur in nature and are
man-made
Group 14
Carbon Group is in the light blue color on this table
Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level- 4
5th most reactive
Group 15
Nitrogen Group is in the tan color on this table
Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level- 5
6th most reactive
Group 16
Oxygen Group is in the orange color on this table
Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level- 6
7th most reactive
Group 17
Halogens are in the Red color on this table
Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level-7
2nd least reactive
Group 18
Noble gases are in the Pink color on this table
Characteristics-Electrons in the outer level- 8
Least reactive
Using the info answer the Question
• As the number of electrons increase so does
the _____________.
• As you move from left to right in the groups,
the number of outside electrons
____________. (increase or decrease)