The Periodic Table of
Elements
Create pg 30 and 1
32 in your ISN 2
and title them 3
4
“Period Table
5
Notes.” Then,
make an entry in 6
7
your table of
contents with the
title, date, and
page numbers.
1
18
1
H
2
13 14 15 16 17
1.008
2
He
4.003
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
6.941
9.012
11
12
Na
Mg
22.990
24.305
10.811
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
20.180
12.001
14.007
15.999
18.998
13
14
15
16
17
18
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
26.982
28.086
30.974
32.066
35.453
39.948
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
K
Ca
Sc
44.956
V
Cr
Mn
40.078
Ti
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
39.098
47.87
50.942
51.996
54.938
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
85.468
87.62
92.906
95.94
Tc
88.906
91.224
(98)
55.845
44
Ru
101.07
58.933
58.69
63.546
65.39
69.723
72.61
74.922
78.96
79.904
83.80
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
102.906
106.42
107.868
112.4
114.818
118.710
121.760
127.60
126.904
131.29
55
56
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Cs
Ba
Lu
Ta
137.327
174.967
Hf
W
Re
Os
190.23
Ir
192.217
Pt
195.078
Au
Hg
200.59
Tl
204.383
Pb
207.2
Bi
208.980
Po
At
Rn
87
88
103
113
114
115
118
Ra
Uut
Uuq
Uup
116
Uuh
117
Fr
112
Uub
Uus
Uuo
(284)
(289)
(288)
(223)
(226)
132.905
Lr
(262)
178.49
180.95
183.84
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
(266)
(264)
(269)
(269)
(272)
(261)
Lanthanides
Actinides
(262)
186.207
(268)
196.967
(285)
(209)
(292)
(210)
(222)
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
140.116
140.908
164.930
167.26
168.934
Yb
138.906
144.24
Pm
173.04
89
90
91
Ac
Th
232.038
(227)
(145)
150.36
92
93
Pa
U
Np
231.036
238.029
(237)
151.964
157.25
94
95
Pu
Am
(244)
(243)
158.925
162.50
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
(257)
(258)
(259)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(252)
Periodic  Periodic Law  Periodic Table
• Something periodic occurs at regular or at
least generally predictable intervals
• Periodic law - physical and chemical
properties of the elements are periodic
functions of their atomic numbers
• Periodic Table of Elements – a table of
the elements, arranged by atomic number,
that shows the patterns in their
properties; based on the periodic law
Can you think of anything that is periodic?
Element
• A pure substance made up of one kind of
atom that cannot be broken down into
simpler substances by physical or
chemical means
• 90 occur naturally on earth
• 25 were synthesized (made) by scientists
Dmitri Mendeleev
• In the 1860’s he
devised a periodic
table where the
elements were
ordered by their
atomic masses
• He did this by
grouping elements
together according to
their similarities
• Draft of Mendeleev's
Periodic Table
Image taken from:
http://jscms.jrn.columbia.edu/cns/2006-04-18/fido-luxuriantflowinghair/mendeleev/
Henry Moseley
• In 1914, his work led
to a revision of the
periodic table by
rearranging the
elements by their
atomic numbers
• He concluded that the
number of protons in
an atom is its atomic
number
• Sample X-ray
Spectra
Image taken from:
http://dewey.library.upenn.edu/sceti/smith/
Metals
Location
• Found on the left of the
zigzag line/staircase on
the periodic table
(exception  Hydrogen)
Chemical Properties
• Have few electrons in
their outer energy level,
thus lose electrons
easily
Physical Properties
• ductile, good
conductors, malleable,
shiny, most are solid @
room temperature
79
Au
196.967
11
Na
22.990
Image taken from:
http://chemistry.about.com/od/periodictableelements/ig/E
lement-Photo-Gallery.--98/Sodium.htm
What metal is not a solid
@ room temperature?
Atoms with Few Electrons in
their Outer Energy Level
Notice: only 1
electron in outer
level
-
+
-
+ +
-
++
+
+
++
+ +
++ +
-
Notice: only
2 electrons
in outer level
-
-
Be
22.990
-
-
9.012
Na
-
+
4
11
-
-
-
Non-Metals
Location
• Most found to the right of
the zigzag line/staircase on
the periodic table
Chemical Properties
• Most have almost full outer
energy levels, thus they
tend to gain electrons;
some have completely full
outer level
Physical Properties
• not ductile or malleable,
not shiny, poor conductors,
most are solid, but some
are gas at room
temperature
17
Cl
35.453
Image taken from:
http://nobel.scas.bcit.ca/resource/ptable/cl.htm
16
S
32.066
Image taken from:
https://www.dmr.nd.gov/ndgs/rockandmineral/sulfur.asp
Metalloids
Location
• Border the zigzag
line/staircase on the
periodic table
Chemical Properties
• Most atoms have ½ (≈)
complete set of
electrons in outer
level
Physical Properties
• have properties of
both metals and nonmetals
14
Si
28.086
Image taken from:
http://library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/bios.shtml
5
B
10.811
Image taken from:
http://library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/bios.shtml
Period (Row) Properties
• Seven periods on a periodic table (numbered
from the top down)
• Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase as
you move from the left to the right in a period
• All atoms of the elements in the same period
have the same number of orbitals/levels
• All atoms of the elements in a specific period
have that respective number of orbitals/levels
– Example
• Period 1 = 1 orbital
• Period 2 = 2 orbitals
• Period 3 = 3 orbitals
• Etc…
Group (Family) Properties
• Eighteen groups on the periodic table (numbered
from left to right)
• Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase as
you move from the top down in a group (family)
• Atoms of elements in the same group have the
same number of electrons in the outer
orbitals/levels of their atoms (known as valence
electrons)
– Exceptions:
• Transition elements (3-12)
• Hydrogen (could be 1 or 17)
• Helium (actually has 2 valence electrons)
• Elements in groups usually have similar physical
and chemical properties
Using the Periodic Table
• The boxes that make up the periodic table contain a
significant amount of information. To understand this
information, it is necessary to refer to the periodic table’s
key(s)
8
Atomic Number
O
Element Symbol
Oxygen
Element Name
15.999
Class
Metal
Non-Metal
Metalloid
Color
Which class
does Oxygen
fall into?
(Number of protons)
(Written with a capital letter or a capital
followed by a lower case if two letters )
Atomic Mass
(Rounded to a whole number, equals
the number of protons and neutrons)
State
(@ Room Temp.)
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Symbol
Color
What is
Oxygen’s
physical state
of matter?