The Periodic Table
The Periodic Table
Dmitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907)
Dmitri Mendeleev
1) Father of the periodic table.
2)First to systematically arrange
elements
3)Elements were arranged
by their atomic masses
4) Elements were grouped
together according to
their similarities
5) Empty spaces were left
where he predicted
undiscovered elements
should go
Mendeleev’s Published Periodic
Table of Elements
Why do you think there are
question marks here?
Henry Moseley
•He concluded that the
number of protons in an
atom is its atomic number
•In 1914, his work led to a
revision of the periodic
table
How is the Modern Periodic
Table Arranged?
• Elements are
now arranged
by their atomic
numbers
• Elements are
arranged in
periods and
groups
What are Periods in the
Periodic Table
A horizontal row is called a period
What are Groups?
A vertical column is called a group
Elements in the same group have similar
properties and react in similar ways!
How is the Periodic Table
Read?
Each square gives particular
information about the atoms of
an element
Atomic number is the
number of protons in
the nucleus
Average atomic mass
(amu) is the number of all
isotopes of an element
Atomic
number
13
Symbol
26.981
Atomic
Mass
What are the division of the
Periodic Table?
Metal: Elements that are usually solids at room
temperature. Most elements are metals.
Non-Metal: Elements in the upper right corner
of the periodic table. Their chemical
and physical properties are different
from metals.
Metalloid: Elements that lie on a diagonal line
between the Metals and non-metals.
Their chemical and physical
properties are intermediate between
the two.
What are Metals?
Location
• Found on the left of the zigzag
line/staircase on the periodic
table (exception  Hydrogen)
79
Chemical Properties
• Have few electrons in their
outer energy level, thus lose
electrons easily
Physical Properties
• Ductile (easily drawn into a
wire), good conductors of heat
and electricity, malleable (easily
shape), shiny, most are solid @
room temperature
Au
196.967
11
Na
22.990
Image taken from:
http://chemistry.about.com/od/periodictableelements/ig/
Element-Photo-Gallery.--98/Sodium.htm
What metal is not a solid
@ room temperature?
What are Reactive Metals?
• Metals that are more likely
to undergo a chemical
change or reaction
• Alkali metals (group 1) are
the most reactive metals
• Alkaline Earth metals
(group 2) second most
reactive metal group
What are Transitional Metals?
• Groups in the middle
• Groups 3-12
• Generally less reactive
then other metals
• Good conductors of
heat and electricity.
• Some are used for
jewelry and currency
What are Non-Metals?
Location
• Most found to the right of
the zigzag line/staircase on
the periodic table
17
Chemical Properties
• Most have almost full outer energy
levels, thus they tend to gain
electrons; some have completely
full outer level
Cl
35.453
Image taken from:
http://nobel.scas.bcit.ca/resource/ptable/cl.htm
Physical Properties
16
S
• not ductile or malleable, not shiny,
poor conductors of heat and
electricity, most are solid, but some
Image taken from:
https://www.dmr.nd.gov/ndgs/rockandmineral/sulfur.asp
are gas at room temperature
32.066
What are Halogens?
Group 17
•All are non-metals
•Very reactive are
often bonded with
elements from
Group 1
•form salt
compound
•7 electrons in the
outer shell
What are Noble / Inert Gases?
Group18
Non-metals - Exist as gases
Not reactive with other
elements
8 electrons in the outer shell
= Full /stable
Helium (He) has only 2
electrons in the outer shell =
Full/ stable
What are Metalloids?
Location
• Border the zigzag
line/staircase on the
periodic table
14
Si
silicon is the most
common
• Found in semi conductors
• Examples: computers, cell
phone
Physical Properties
• have properties of both
metals and non-metals
28.086
Image taken from:
http://library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/bios.shtml
5
B
10.811
Image taken from:
http://library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/bios.shtml
Rare Earth Metals
Group 1
Group 2
Group 18
• Some are
Radioactive
Group 17
• The rare earths
are silver,
silvery-white, or
gray metals.
• Conduct
electricity
• Four chemical families of
the periodic table: the
alkali metals (IA), the
alkaline earth metals
(IIA), halogens (VII), and
the noble gases (VIIIA).
Group 1
Group 18
Group 2
Group 17
Directions
• Read Color Coding the Periodic Table to fill out
Families ties
• Identify the following on your table: Metals,
Nonmetals and Metalloids.
• At the top of your table make a coding key to include
the name of the them. Select a color to represent
each group and put that color by the name.
Metals
Non -metals
Metalloids
• Label group 1, 2, 17 18 and your lanthanide and
actinides elements See page 20 -21 D in book
• Trace the zig-zag line in Black