Baseball
Accelerated Geoscience
Final Exam Review
1
• What are 4
characteristics that
all minerals share?
• Answer:
– 4 of the following:
– Definite chem
composition
– Occur naturally
– Inorganic
– Solid at room temp
– Atoms orderly
arrangement
• Name 5 tests that
can be used for
mineral ID
• Answer:
5 of the following:
Hardness
Luster
CleavageAcid
Smell
Magnetism
Color
Streak
Feel
Taste2
• What mineral
reacts with acid?
• Answer:
– Calcite
• What mineral is the
only one that is
magnetic?
• Answer:
– Magnetite
3
• What mineral
tastes like (is) salt?
• Answer:
– Halite
• What mineral looks
like gold?
• Answer:
Iron Pyrite/fool’s gold
4
• What is the
hardness of your
fingernail?
• Answer:
– 2.5
• What is the
hardness of the
steel file?
• Answer:
– 6.5
5
• Why is color not
the best property
for mineral ID?
• Answer:
– There can be
impurities and/or
several minerals can
have the same color
• Name the three
types of rocks
• Answer:
– Igneous, metamorphic,
sedimentary
6
• What three
textures that
igneous rocks can
possess?
• Answer:
– Course-grained, finegrained, glassy
• Name two glassy
igneous rocks
• Answer:
– 2 of the following:
– Obsidian, scoria, pumice
7
• What is the main
igneous rock that
you would find on
an ocean plate?
• Answer:
– Basalt
• What coursegrained igneous
rock makes up
many mountains?
• Answer:
– Granite
8
• What are the three
types of
sedimentary rocks?
• Answer:
– Clastic, organic,
chemical
• Name two clastic
sedimentary rocks.
• Answer:
– Two of the following:
– Conglomerate, sandstone,
shale
9
• How do chemical
sedimentary rocks
form?
• Answer:
– From the evaporation
of mineral-rich bodies
of water
• What are the
requirements for
metamorphosis?
• Answer:
– Heat and pressure
10
• What is the hardest
and most valuable
form of coal?
• Answer:
– anthracite
• What are the three
categories of
metamorphic
rocks?
• Answer:
– Banded, foliated, massive
11
• What is the banded
metamorphic rock
and from what
igneous rock was it
formed?
• Answer:
– Gneiss formed from
granite
• Name two foliated
metamorphic rocks
and the rock from
which they formed.
• Answer:
– 2 of the following
– Slate (from shale)
– Anthracite coal (from
bituminous coal)
– Schist (from slate)
12
• What is the age of
an igneous
intrusion
compared to the
rock layers it
intrudes?
• Answer:
– It is younger
• According to the
law of
superposition,
where would you
find the youngest
rock layers?
• Answer:
– On/near the surface (top
of sedimentary rock layers)
13
• What type of rocks
often contain
fossils?
• Answer:
– Sedimentary
• What are the
characteristics of
an index fossil?
• Answer:
– Wide geographic
distribution and existed for
short time
14
• What term is
defined as the
amount of time it
takes for 50% of a
radioisotope to
decay?
• Answer:
– Half-life
• What type of
radioisotope would
be used to date a
fossil that is
suspected to be
about 10,000 years
old
• Answer:
– Carbon-14 or Carbon
dating
15
• How much of the
radioactive parent
material would
exist after three
half-lives
• Answer:
– 12.5% or 1/8 of the
original amount
• What term is
defined by “the
present is the key to
the past?”
• Answer:
– Uniformitarianism
16
• Name three of the
four types of plate
boundaries
• Answer:
–
–
–
–
–
3 of the following:
Collision
Subduction
Diverging
Sliding/transform
• What layer of the
Earth has partially
melted rocks and
convection
currents?
• Answer:
– The asthenosphere
17
• What type of
volcano alternates
between eruptions
of ash and lava?
• Answer:
• Name the other two
types of volcanoes.
• Answer:
– Cinder cone and shield
– Composite
18
• What volcano
produces primarily
basaltic lava?
• Answer:
– Shield
• What are two
features found at
diverging plate
boundaries
• Answer:
– Mid-ocean ridge
– Rift valley
19
• How did the
Hawaiian Islands
form?
• Answer:
– The Pacific plate moved
over a stationary hot spot;
the island chain formed in
a line as the movement
progressed
• What are two
features found at a
subduction
boundary?
• Answer:
– 2 of the following:
– Deep sea trench, mountain
building (volcanoes),
earthquakes
20
• Name three pieces of
evidence used to
support the idea that
Pangea existed.
• Answer:
– 3 of following:
– Puzzle fit of continents,
unique rocks on S.
American and African
coasts, unique fossils on S.
American and African
coasts, mountain ranges
continous from N. America
and Europe, tropical plants
in cold regions
• What type of fault
results from
compressional
stress?
• Answer:
– Reverse fault
21
• What three types of
waves are released
by an earthquake?
• Answer:
– S, P, and L waves
• What is the order of
arrival time at
seismograph station
(speed)?
• Answer:
– P, S, L
22
• How much more
intense is an
earthquake with
magnitude 8 vs.
earthquake of
magnitude 6?
• Answer:
– 100 times as great
• What happens to SP lag time if the
distance from an
earthquake to the
seismograph station
increases
• Answer:
– The lag time also increases
23
• Name three types
of mountains we
studied.
• Answer:
–
–
–
–
–
3 of the following:
Fault block
Folded
Volcanic
Dome
• What is a contour
interval
• Answer:
– The amount of elevational
change between contour
lines
24
• How can you
identify a river on
a topographic map
(besides the name
of the river!)
• Answer:
• What is a
benchmark?
• Answer:
– A marker in the ground
indicating the exact
elevation above sea level
– The contour lines
point upstream in a
“V” pattern
25
• How are hills
shown on a topo
map?
• Answer:
– Concentric circles
• Name 3 examples
of physical (mech.)
weathering.
• Answer:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3 of the following:
Roots growing into rock
Ice wedging
Heating/cooling
Wave action
Wetting and drying
Exfoliation
26
• What shape is a
valley formed by a
youthful river?
• Answer:
– V-shaped
• What are
moraines?
• Answer:
– The general game for the
accumulation of rock and
soil materials deposited at
the end or sides of glaciers
27
• What type of lakes
are often formed
when a glacier
retreats, but leaves
a huge chunk of
ice to melt?
• Answer:
– Kettle lakes
• What is a meander
and what could be
formed if it
continues to grow?
• Answer:
– A meander is a bend in an
old-age river, and
eventually could form an
oxbow lake
28
• What type of front
could produce
short bursts of
thunderstorms,
hail, and
tornadoes?
• Answer:
– Cold front
• What large
vertically forming
thunderclouds are
often associated
with these storms?
• Answer:
– Cumulonimbus clouds
29
• What are five things
that we studied that
can be ascertained
from a station model?
• Answer:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5 of the following:
Wind speed
-Temp.
Wind direction
-DewPt
Cloud cover
Pressure
Present/past precipitation
Cloud types
Others?
• What natural
phenomenon
results from the
spinning of the
Earth and
influences air and
ocean movement
• Answer:
– Coriolis effect
30
• What term
describes the
temperature at
which relative
humidity is 100%?
• Answer:
– Dew point
• What two
charactistics would
exist for maritime
tropical air masses?
• Answer:
– Warm and moist
31
• From what type of
pressure center do
weather fronts
extend?
• Answer:
– Low pressure center
• What symbols are
found on the line
for a cold front?
• Answer:
– Triangles (blue)
32
• What name is
given to elongated,
tear-shaped
deposits of glacial
till?
• Answer:
– Drumlins
• What effect do large
bodies of water
have on
temperature.
• Answer:
– They have a moderating
effect (warmer by water in
winter, and cooler in
summer)
33
• What is the difference
between climate and
weather?
• Answer:
– Climate involves long-term
patterns of an area, while
weather refers to the
specific conditions that are
occurring at a particular
place at a particular time
• What two days of
the year have the
most and least
hours of sunlight
(N. hemisphere)?
• Answer:
– June 21 most, December
21 least
34
• What type of storm
produces the
world’s strongest
winds?
• Answer:
– Tornadoes
• What part of the
planet experiences
the largest extremes
of temperature and
daylight?
• Answer:
– The north and south pole
35
• What phenomenon
results from altered
ocean currents in
the southern
Pacific Ocean?
• Answer:
– El Nino
• Why does it tend to
rain more on the
windward side of a
mountain?
• Answer:
– Moist air cools as it rises
to go over the mountain;
as it cools the precipitation
falls
36
• What is the specific
heat capacity of a
substance?
• Answer:
– The resistance by an
object to a change in
temperature
• Where in a
thunderstorm do
tornadoes often
occur?
• Answer:
– At the back of the storm
37
• Name 4 of earth’s
biomes
• Answer:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4 of the following:
Grasslands
Tropical rainforest
Taiga
Temperate/deciduous forest
Desert
Arctic tundra
• Which of the
biomes at the left do
we live in?
• Answer:
– Deciduous forest
38
• Answer:
• Answer:
39