+
SUN DEVILS BEAT STANFORD 2610!

ASU is 5-1!

Next up- @ Washington 

How was your weekend???

Continuing the brain this week
+
Learning Goals:

Students will be able to:

Identify the structure and functions of the human brain

Today- using your book to READ and identify key features of the
brain

Reinforcing activity

May do with partners

Must finish in class
+
Learning Goals:
 Students
 Identify
will be able to:
the structure and functions of the human
brain.
 Discuss the ways the brain helps humans in their
daily life.
 Quick
activity: DRAW out the learning goal 
 Stick figures please
 Show me that you understand what the learning
goal is trying to get you to do.
Slide
4
+
The Brain
+
Pinkie and the Brain 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snO68aJTOpM&list=PL02
DaVPqFP-P5SNpVHyjLrdrxn7cTxL0M
+
Who has the larger brain?
+
Facts about the Brain

Weighs approximately 3 pounds
 Mostly
water - 78%
 Fat - 10%
 Protein - 8%

Soft enough to cut with a butter knife

Grapefruit-sized organ
+
Three Major Areas of the Brain
Hind
brain
Mid
Brain
Fore
Brain
+
Hindbrain
+
Hindbrain
 The
hindbrain is
the part of the brain
found at the rear
base of the skull that
controls the most
basic biological
needs for life.
Sli
de
10
+
Medulla, Pons, Cerebellum
•
Pons: above the medulla
▫
•
Medulla: middle of spinal cord
▫
•
Sleep and arousal
Controls breathing, heart rate,
swallowing and digestion, upright
posture
Cerebellum
▫
Regulation and coordination of
movement
▫
learning
Sli
de
11
+
Damage
 DAMAGE
TO THE
CEREBELLUM
 Results
in deficits in balance,
coordination, skilled movement.
 Shake
my hand…
 DAMAGE
TO THE BRAIN
STEM
 Results
in the disruption of vital
involuntary actions such as heart
rate, breathing  death
+
Midbrain
+
Midbrain
 The
midbrain is
the part of the
brain above the
hindbrain that
plays a role in
attention,
stimulation, and
consciousness.
+
Reticular formation:
 Regulation
and
maintenance of sleep
and consciousness
 Startled by loud noiseheightened arousal
 Sleep through familiar
sounds
 Damaged: may have
permanent coma
+
Limbic System
 Limbic
System: inter-related
doughnut shaped neural
structures.
Two
main structures:
 Amygdala:
controls fear
and aggression
 Hippocampus: memory
formation
 Removed for H.M.
Sli
de
16
+
50 First Dates…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErjP5xMTc8I
+
The Vow- Hippocampus

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGjUAHS8pHY
+
Forebrain
+
Forebrain
 The
forebrain is
the part of the brain
above the midbrain

+
Thalamus
 Thalamus:
the brains
sensory relay station.
 Sorts
and sends
messages from the eyes,
ears, tongue, and skin to
other parts of the brain.
 Kind
of like sorting the
mail…
Sli
de
21
+
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus: located
under the thalamus
▫
▫
▫
Provide homeostasis,
constant internal body state
Regulates eating and
drinking
Eating, shivering, hunger,
anger and emotion
+
Are you hungry?

If yes, your blood sugar and body
temperature are probably low.

The hypothalamus uses these cues,
along with others, to tell us we’re
hungry.

AS we eat our blood sugar level and
temperature level rise, and our
hypothalamus tells us that we are
full.

This explains why we sometimes
sweat when we eat. It also explains
why we eat less when we’re warm.
Sli
de
24
+
Activity: TED Talk

http://www.ted.com/talks/allan_jones_a_map_of_the_brain
+
Block Day: WOO HOO!!!

Looking at the lobes of the brain

Lobotomies

Drawing out your brain

TWO WEEKS: project is due… 

Will be in Seattle Friday- so will see you Monday 

Hiking the Grand Cayon with Mrs. Gould November 14-15want to join???
+
Slide
27
Brain Part II: The Lobes
+
Retrograde Amnesia- Hippocampus

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRzjur-rBvY
+
Four Lobes of the Brain
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
+
Lobes of the Brain - Frontal
 Where:
The Frontal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the
Frontal Bone of the skull; they are the largest
Higher mental
processes:
•Decision making
•Emotional control
•Planning
•Social skills
•Abstract thinking
•Moods- positive and
negative
+
Damage to Frontal Lobe
 Changes
in awareness
 Lack
of understanding of or
concern for past or future
events
 Decreased
 Lack
range of emotions
of goal-directed behavior
 Inappropriate
behaviors or
reactions, especially to social
situations
+
Possible Scenario
Someone with frontal lobe damage walks into the
bedroom to make the bed, becomes distracted by the
wallpaper, which he decides to be changed and rips it
down!
My uncle….
Sli
de
32
+
Lobotomies…
+
The Lobotomist

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0aNILW6ILk
+ Lobes of the Brain - Parietal Lobe
•
Where: The Parietal Lobe of the brain is located
deep in front of the occipital lobes, behind the
frontal lobe.
Higher Mental Processes:
-Spatial awareness and
perception
-Touch sensation
-Perception
+
Damage to Parietal Lobe
 astereognosis
touching them).
(objects can not be recognized by
+
Hemi spatial neglect
 If
an entire hemisphere of
the parietal is damaged, the
result is
 hemi
spatial neglect:
where an individual is
oblivious to one half of their
visual field.
+

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymKvS0XsM4w
+
Prosopagnosia
 Damage
to the back of
the parietal on both sides
may result in
prosopagnosia, the
inability to recognize
faces.

You can still recognize
objects, and features of
faces, but you can not put
the features together to
recognize a face.
+

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwCrxomPbtY
+
Occipital Lobe
 How
do you paint or create art?
 Do you visualize the art before you begin?
 Does your mental image change as the
process progresses?
 It
is the occipital lobe that helps us visualize
something even before it exists!
Sli
de
45
Lobes of the Brain – Occipital Lobe
Where: The Occipital Lobe of the
Brain is located behind the parietal
lobe.
Primary function:
•Processing of shapes, colors and
motion
• integration
•interpretation of VISION and
visual stimuli.
Damage:
•Can cause blindness even if the
eyes are healthy.
Temporal Lobes
 Where:
Located on the sides of the brain, on the
underneath of ‘everything else’, near the temples.
Primary Function:
- Information Retrieval
(Memory and Memory
Formation)
-Hearing and language
Damage:
- To the left, can have
trouble with
differentiating what words
and sentences mean.
+
Broca’s Area
+
Damage to Broca’s Area

Damage to Broca’s Area results in Aphasia (the inability to use
spoken language properly).

They often omit small words such as "is," "and," and "the."

For example, a person with Broca's aphasia may say, "Walk dog," meaning,
"I will take the dog for a walk," or "book book two table," for "There are
two books on the table."

People with Broca's aphasia typically understand the speech of others fairly
well.

Because of this, they are often aware of their difficulties and can become
easily frustrated.
+

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2IiMEbMnPM
+
Wernicke’s Area
+
Damage

results in problems in receptive language (you can not
understand what you hear.)

may speak in long sentences that have no meaning, add
unnecessary words, and even create made-up words.


For example, someone with Wernicke's aphasia may say, "You know that
smoodle pinkered and that I want to get him round and take care of him
like you want before.“
As a result, it is often difficult to follow what the person is trying to
say.
+

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKTdMV6cOZw
+
Activity: Draw your own brain

Trace your partners head on TWO sheets of paper.

On one side, label the parts of the hind brain, mid brain, and fore
brain, including the medulla, pons, cerebellum, reticular formation,
hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus and hypothalamus.

On the other side: Lake the occipital, parietal, frontal and occipital
lobe.

Draw images that represent the function of that part of the brain.
Sli
de
54
+
Monday, October 27th
 Welcome Back!
 ASU Won 24-10

Against Washington in Seattle 
VERY tired today 
 Great
JOB Chandler Football- I’ll be at the dinner Thursday






M-looking at the Split Brains/ Brain Review
T- L/R side of brain
W/TR- Endocrine System
F- Halloween Psych Special 
BRAIN DAY: NEXT WEEK
+
Collect your brain diagrams now 
+
Slide
57
Brain Part III: Split Brain
Patients and Hemispheres
+
The Corpus Callosum
•The corpus callosum is a
thick band of nerve fibers
that divides the
cerebrum into left and
right hemispheres.
•connects the left and
right sides of
the brain allowing for
communication
between both
hemispheres.
Sli
de
58
+
Split-Brain Patients
 Split
brain patients:
had the nerves of their
corpus collosum
surgically cut to help
with epileptic seizures.
 Helped the seizures;
kept personality
intact
 Right and left
hemispheres had no
longer a direct
connection
Sli
de
59
+
Take out two pencils or pens

With your right hand draw a circle on a piece of paper WHILE
you are drawing a square on a piece of paper.

Your corpus collosum is intact!

If it wasn’t, the right and left hemisphere could work
independently like split brain patients.
Sli
de
60
+
Severed Corpus Collasum

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfGwsAdS9Dc
+
Tuesday, October 28th
 Welcome
 Notes
Back!!
and an activity
today
 REMINDER: BRAIN
DAY NEXT
THURSDAY
 Get
out your notes
please!
+
The Cerebral Cortex

The cerebral cortex is
the thinking center of the
brain that coordinates and
integrates all areas of the
brain into a fully
functioning unit.
Sli
de
63
Cerebrum -The largest division of the brain.
It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which
is divided into four lobes.
Cerebrum
Cerebru
m
Cerebellum
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
+
Cerebral Features:
• Gyri – Elevated ridges “winding” around the brain.
• Sulci – Small grooves dividing the gyri
– Central Sulcus – Divides the Frontal Lobe from the Parietal
Lobe
• Fissures – Deep grooves, generally dividing large
regions/lobes of the brain
Gyri (ridge)
Sulci
(groove)
Fissure
(deep groove)
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
+
Hemisphere Removal

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MKNsI5CWoU
+
Split Brain patients
+
+
Phineas Cage
Phineas Cage
Phineas Gage: Phineas Gage was a railroad worker in the 19th century living
in Cavendish, Vermont. One of his jobs was to set off explosive charges in
large rock in order to break them into smaller pieces. On one of these
instances, the detonation occurred prior to his expectations, resulting in a 42
inch long, 1.2 inch wide, metal rod to be blown right up through his skull and
out the top. The rod entered his skull below his left cheek bone and exited
after passing through the anterior frontal lobe of his brain.
Frontal
Remarkably, Gage never lost consciousness, or quickly regained it (there is
still some debate), suffered little to no pain, and was awake and alert when he
reached a doctor approximately 45 minutes later. He had a normal pulse and
normal vision, and following a short period of rest, returned to work several
days later. However, he was not unaffected by this accident.
+
Contemporary Phineus Cage

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jK1sj4JEJ2o
+
Right Brain/ Left Brain?
+
Are you left brained or right
brained?
In general, the left and right
hemispheres of your brain process
information in different ways. We
tend to process information using
our dominant side.
However, the learning and thinking
process is enhanced when both
side of the brain participate in a
balanced manner.
This means strengthening your less
dominate hemisphere of the brain.
+
Dominance Activity

Write LEFT, RIGHT, or NO PREFERENCE to these questions:
 Which hand do you write with?
 Which hand holds scissors?
 Which hand holds a hammer?
 Which arm goes first into a jacket?
 Which arm goes first into a loop of a book bag?
 Which hand is on top when you clap?
 Which hand deals out cards?
 Which foot kicks a ball?
Sli
de
76
+
Tests

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYZ1INWueKM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CEr2GfGilw
+ Right Brain/Left Brain
Cross eyes
Look at Center
Watch the cross on the third circle. Every few seconds, it will change from a
horizontal line to a vertical line and back. This is because the hemispheres of
your brain are alternating in dominance for this activity. When the right
hemisphere is dominant you see the blue circle and vertical line on top;
when the left hemisphere is dominant, the red circle and horizontal line are
on top.
+
+
Known For:
Left
Processes things more in
parts and sequentially
 Musicians process music
in left hemisphere


Language and Logic
Right
• Recognizing faces,
analyzing visual-spatial
information.
• Geometry, chess.
• Higher-level
mathematicians,
problem solvers, and
chess players actually
have more right-brained
activity, but beginners
use more left brain.
+ Rub your stomachs with one hand and pat your heads
with another.

Can you do this???

This illustrates that we really have two hemispheres that control
opposite sides of the body. It also shows how well the two
hemispheres work together.

It’s rare for your hands to get confused, as in this activity.

It’s also interesting to note that the brain will quickly adapt to
dual tasks like this.


Any musicians in the class? What was your coordination like when you
first started?

Those who type? Text? How was your coordination at first?
Another example: write your name and rotate your leg at the same
time- see if you can do it!
Sli
de
82
+
Learning Style
Left
Right
Learning Style

If you are left brain
dominant, then you
probably like to work
through learning step by
step.

You will prefer to start work
on a broad goal or project,
and fill in the detail, the
specific skills you need as
you go.
Verbal Vs. Nonverbal
Left Brain
Right Brain
Little trouble expressing Know what they mean
themselves in words
but often have trouble
finding “right” words.
+
Reality-Based Vs. FantasyOriented
Left
 Deals
with the way
things are—reality
 Adjust
 Want
to things
to know rules
and follow them. If
none, want to make
up rules to follow.
Right
 Try
to change
environment
 Not
aware anything
wrong
 Need
constant
feedback and reality
checks
+
+
+
Learn best by…
Left
Left brains
learn by
hearing.
They find the
lecture
system just
fine.
Right
 Right
brains need to
see something done-show me, to feel, and
to actually experience
the process--then, they
remember.
 Lecture
style is a
challenge for a right
brain.
+
Planning
Left
Lefts plan days in advance and
are prepared for weekends,
parties, and going to the
movies.
Right

Rights decide things on the
spur of the moment.
+Neatness

Lefts usually have a tidy personal space and know where things are.
+
Neatness
Rights have a "piling" system that they use quite often.
They sometimes say, "Don't touch my piles. I know where everything is."
+
Punctuality
Lefts

Lefts will be on time and even
early for everything. They are
the ones in the theatre before
anyone else gets there.
Rights

Rights, on the other hand, are
usually only on time for the
most important things. Rights
are likely to be on time for
church if in the choir. If not in
the choir, it is probably
optional to be on time.
+
Gestures
Lefts


Lefts speak with few gestures
and are not very animated.
Their voice does not fluctuate
much.
Rights

Rights can not talk without
using the hands.

Their facial expression and
voice may both be quite
animated and entertaining.
+
Activity: Split Brain

You have a split brain in front of you

On each of the sides, draw 8 different characteristics of the
right and left side of the brain, for a total of 16 pictures.

Make sure to label these pictures as to what each side does.

When you are done, color each side of the brain.
+
Left/ Right Review

What does your L & R side control?

What is the L side more like?

R side?