PEPSICO Travis Morten 1 Introduction PepsiCo, Inc. was founded in 1965 by Donald M. Kendall and Herman W. Lay (1). The company was developed as a result of a merger between Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay. It produces many popular snack items and drinks such as Pepsi-Cola, Tropicana juices, Doritos chips, and Quaker oatmeal. It also maintains four major divisions, including PepsiCo Americas Beverages, PepsiCo Americas Foods, PepsiCo Europe, and PepsiCo Asia, Middle East, and Africa (3). PepsiCo is currently headquartered in Purchase, New York. The current chairman and CEO of the company is Indra K. Nooyi (2). PepsiCo is a world leader in convenient snacks, foods and beverages with revenues of more than $60B and over 285,000 employees (1). Products/Services PepsiCo offers a variety of different products that are able to reach out to many markets within the United States and the rest of the world. The company’s products mainly deal with consumable items such as beverages and snack foods. The company is divided up into five major brands. The brands are Pepsi-Cola, Frito-Lay, Gatorade, Tropicana, and Quaker (4). The brand divisions of Pepsi-Cola include Pepsi, Sierra Mist, Slice, Tropicana, a license for Ocean Spray, More, Mountain Dew, AMP Energy, Mug Root Beer, No Fear, Seattle’s Best Coffee, Tazo, SoBe, Aquafina, a partnership with Starbucks, a partnership with Lipton, and also some products exclusive to the market outside North America (4). Some of the products produced by the FritoLay division include Lay’s potato chips, Doritos tortilla chips, Rold Gold pretzels, Cheetos, and Munchies snack mix (4). PepsiCo’s Gatorade division produces products such as Gatorade-Fierce-Grape, Gatorade G-Cool Blue, Gatorade Rain-Lime, and Propel flavored water (4). It’s Tropicana brand name consists of products such as Tropicana Twister juice drinks, Tropicana Smoothies, and Naked 2 juice (4). PepsiCo also recently merged with the Quaker Oat Company in 2001 to further expand food production lines (1). Some products produced in the Quaker line include Quaker instant oatmeal, Cap’n Crunch cereal, Rice-A-Roni side dishes, and Quaker Magica con Soja (4). PepsiCo continues to develop new and innovative ideas for products. Cheetos Whoosh was released from PepsiCo India Foods in 2008 (1). Cheetos Whoosh was the first snack in India to be made with whole grains and vegetables (1). Within the past month Pepsi-Cola has released a brand new product called Pepsi Next (5). Pepsi Next is supposed to have a real cola taste, yet contain only 60 calories and have less sugar (5). Pepsi Next contains a mixture of four artificial sweeteners that are found in other Pepsi soft drinks (5). Many people are already thinking that this cola may be too artificial. It may soon join other failed PepsiCo products such as Crystal Pepsi, and Holiday Spice Pepsi (5). Channels of Distribution PepsiCo uses a standard mass marketing approach to distribution. The company’s products are first produced at a manufacturing facility. Then the finished products are distributed to wholesalers. The wholesalers then distribute the products to the retailer. Finally, consumers are able to purchase the products from their local retail stores. PepsiCo sells it’s products in supermarkets, movie theatres, restaurants, and vending machines. You can easily find many of PepsiCo’s products in stores such as Wal-Mart, Target, Hornbachers, and even Taco John’s restaurants. It uses the same channel of distribution strategy that many large manufacturers use. It is probably the best way to distribute products in mass quantity. 3 Promotional Efforts PepsiCo has a wide variety of products so it is able to appeal to many potential consumers. It advertises and promotes the products mainly through television advertisements and print media, such as in magazines. Many PepsiCo television commercials rely on slapstick humor in order to entice customers to buy it’s products. Many of these advertisements can be seen during the Super Bowl or other popular television events. In the U.S. PepsiCo has used various celebrities for advertising campaigns such as Britney Spears and Beyonce Knowles (6). PepsiCo’s Japanese division has also developed quite an interesting mascot called Pepsiman. The Pepsiman character was developed by a Canadian comic book artist named Travis Charest in the mid 1990’s (7). Twelve commercials were created that featured Pepsiman, and the commercials averaged about 30 seconds in length (7). The commercials were very popular in Japan (7). They usually focused on Pepsiman coming to the aid of thirsty individuals (7). A Japanese developed Pepsiman video game was released for Playstation in the late 1990’s (7). PepsiCo has also developed a very popular mascot named Chester Cheetah to represent it’s Cheetos brand snacks. The company’s Frito-Lay division started using the Chester Cheetah mascot in 1986( mahalo). He is an animated cheetah that can be seen in television advertisements, print ads, and on the 21 different Cheetos brand products (8). The commercials featuring Chester Cheetah are usually humorous. The catchphrase “cheese that goes crunch” is commonly featured in many of the commercials (8). Chester Cheetah’s success as a mascot still continues to this day (8). PepsiCo is continuing to develop new commercials featuring him (8). PepsiCo has also recently undertaken a policy to responsibly market and advertise to it’s audience of children (9). PepsiCo’s website states, “As a multinational food and beverage company with global brands that millions of consumers enjoy every day, we understand that it is 4 vital to communicate responsibly about our products and healthy eating (9). PepsiCo is committed to responsible advertising practices and ensuring healthy choices are offered in schools (9).” Even though PepsiCo produces many products that are high in fat and sugar, it is trying to teach children to eat products in moderation with other nutritious foods. It has recently joined the International Food and Beverage Alliance in order to adopt a worldwide commitment to responsibly advertise to children under the age of 12 about only products that meet certain nutritional standards (9). This will teach children the importance of healthy eating and will gear families toward making healthy snack choices to send with their kids to school (9). Target Markets PepsiCo markets to a variety of consumers of all ages and genders. It offers products to people that are health conscious, and also offers various products to people who like to enjoy a salty snack or quench their thirst. Here are some of the target markets for PepsiCo’s products. It’s Pepsi-Cola division offers beverages like Pepsi and Mountain Dew for people who are looking for a sugary refreshing drink to quench their thirst. The target market for these products would include children, adults, and seniors. Children often like to enjoy these sodas with a snack after school. Adults may like to drink the soda while enjoying pizza at their favorite restaurant on a Friday night. PepsiCo also produces AMP Energy drinks, Seattle’s Best Coffee drinks, and Starbucks coffee drinks. These products are targeted towards anyone who is looking for a quick, easy to drink boost of caffeine throughout the day. Anyone from an office employee to a teacher may be consuming these products. The Frito-Lay division produces products such as Doritos and Cheetos snacks. These products are targeted towards people who like to enjoy a salty, cheesy snack. Children may eat these with a sandwich for lunch at home. College students may even eat them while trying to study for an exam. 5 The Gatorade division produces many sports drink products that are geared towards athletes. Most athletes from young to old have probably sipped on a Gatorade while participating in a sporting event. Gatorade products focus on rehydrating the body with essential electrolytes and carbohydrates that are lost during physical activity. They come in a variety of fruit flavors that are appealing to most people. The Tropicana brand name produces products such as Tropicana smoothies and Naked juice. These products are targeted towards markets that are interested in a healthier fruit drink alternative to soda. Naked juice focuses on using 100% natural juices in their product. People that don’t have time in the morning to juice fresh fruit and vegetables would most likely be interested in purchasing a product such as this. The Quaker Oat brand produces products such as Quaker instant oatmeal and Rice-A-Roni side dishes. Quaker instant oatmeal targets markets that want a quick, nutritious breakfast in the morning. Kids especially enjoy Quaker instant oats because of the variety of flavors. Adults also may purchase Quaker oats for their health benefits. The target market for Rice-A-Roni side dishes would be anyone who is looking for a fast, delicious microwavable meal they can make in a few minutes. Young people and old people are always running short on time. These quick side dishes provide a great option for them. Ethical Issues PepsiCo has recently been faced with an ethical dilemma about where they are sourcing their artificial flavors from. The company has been working in conjunction with a biotech engineering company called “Senomyx” in order to develop new and interesting flavor enhancers. Recently it has been brought to the media’s attention that Senomyx has been using cells from aborted fetuses in order to develop their flavors. Shareholders of PepsiCo have recently filed a resolution with the Securities and Exchange Commission (24). This resolution is to force the 6 company to stop contracting with Senomyx to aid in the development of it’s flavors (24). According to Senomyx’s website they state that their flavor research programs “focus on the discovery and development of savory, sweet and salt flavor ingredients that are intended to allow for the reduction of MSG, sugar and salt in food and beverage products. Using isolated human taste receptors, we created proprietary taste receptor-based assay systems that provide a biochemical or electronic readout when a flavor ingredient interacts with the receptor (24).” A pro-life activist group has pointed out that Senomyx is trying to hide the fact that they are using embryonic kidney cells from an aborted baby to produce the receptors (24). In retaliation, PepsiCo stated that their methods of production are top-notch and that they comply with all government food standards and are using food production techniques that are standard to hospital and pharmaceutical companies (24). Many pro-life activist groups are arguing that Senomyx could easily obtain these cells from other morally correct sources such as animals or insects (24). In August 2011 PepsiCo signed a four-year $30M contract with Senomyx in order to develop high-potency artificial sweeteners for the company (24). Many activist groups have begun to form to protest PepsiCo and this ethical issue. Also many pro-life groups have begun to boycott PepsiCo by sending letters to the board of directors protesting this issue (24). In the resolution Pepsi-Co’s shareholders asked the board of directors to adopt “a corporate policy that recognizes human rights and employs ethical standards which do not involve using the remains of aborted human beings in both private and collaborative research and development agreements (24).” 7 Pricing Prices for PepsiCo products can vary quite a bit depending on where you buy them. Perhaps the cheapest place to buy the products would be at a large discount supercenter such as Wal-Mart. PepsiCo products will typically be more expensive if purchased from a vending machine or at a sporting event. Typical Pepsi-Cola prices for a two liter of soda would range from $0.99 to $1.50. Prices for a 24 pack of 12 oz. cans of Mountain Dew would range from around $6.99 to $11.99. PepsiCo’s Tropicana brand offers a product called Naked juice that features premium all natural ingredients. You can buy bottles of this juice in a variety of sizes from 16 oz. to 64 oz. A 16 oz. bottle of this juice will cost you around $3.49 on average. A 64 oz. bottle of this juice will fetch a hefty $10.99. PepsiCo’s Frito-Lay products will also vary in price depending on where they are bought. Average pricing at a supermarket for an 11 ½ oz. bag of Doritos will cost about $4.29. However you can of course find them on sale for cheaper at times. Frito-Lay has dramatically increased the prices of their snack chips within the past few years. This increase in the price of it’s products is due to the recent price increases for commodities such as corn, cooking oil, and energy (10). The Quaker product line also consists of many products that will vary in price depending on where you buy. An 11.8 oz. box of original Quaker instant oatmeal will cost you around $2.99. PepsiCo’s wide range of products allows it to alter price strategies depending on inflation and prices of the goods they are sourcing for their products. Financial Situation PepsiCo’s current financial situation is positive for the most part. It purchased and merged with many companies throughout the years. This led it to become an industry leader in the snack food and beverage industry. However, recently it experienced high levels of input 8 prices due to inflation (23). In 2011 the company had extra input expenses of $1.4B to $1.6B (23). That is equivalent to inflation of 8% to 9.5% (23). This caused it’s expected earnings growth to decrease in the range of 7% to 8% in 2011 (23). PepsiCo has enjoyed a long history of financial growth (11). It has provided positive financial growth for it’s stockholders as well (11). The company has successfully established many of it’s brand names throughout the years (11). It has also gained many loyal customers. PepsiCo has spread it’s name internationally over the years. The company’s name is easily recognizable by most people in the countries it operates in. It’s financial status in other countries has also been stable throughout the years. 10-Year Income Statement Income Statement Annuals (Year End) *All numbers are in millions of USD Fiscal Period Dec02 Dec03 Dec04 Dec05 Dec06 Dec07 Dec08 Dec09 Dec10 Dec11 TTM Revenue 25,112 26,971 29,261 32,562 35,137 39,474 43,251 43,232 57,838 66,504 66,504 COGS 11,497 12,379 13,406 14,176 15,762 18,038 20,351 20,099 26,575 31,593 31,593 Gross Profit 13,615 14,592 15,855 18,386 19,375 21,436 22,900 23,133 31,263 34,911 34,911 SGA 8,523 9,460 10,299 12,314 12,774 14,208 15,901 15,026 22,814 25,145 25,145 9 EBITDA DDA 5,092 5,132 5,556 6,072 6,601 7,228 6,999 8,107 8,449 9,766 138 145 147 150 162 58.00 64.00 63.00 117 133 Operating Income 4,954 4,987 5,409 5,922 6,439 7,170 6,935 8,044 8,332 9,633 Interest Expense 178 163 167 256 239 224 329 397 903 856 9,766 133 9,633 856 Pretax Income 4,868 4,992 5,546 6,382 6,989 7,631 7,021 8,079 8,232 8,834 8,834 Net Income 3,313 3,568 4,212 4,078 5,642 5,658 5,142 5,946 6,320 6,443 6,443 http://www.gurufocus.com/financials.php?symbol=pep 10 52-Week Stock Prices http://finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=PEP+Basic+Chart Financial Analysis PepsiCo’s growth has positively increased every year except for a slight decrease in net income in 2008. This was primarily because of the 2007-2009 recession, and households were cutting back on non-necessity grocery items such as PepsiCo’s sodas and snack items. After the end of the recession however, PepsiCo’s net income still continues to rise every year. Glancing at PepsiCo’s 52-week stock price chart, the 52-week high was $71.89 (0). The low was $58.50 (0). 11 Cultural Issues A few years ago PepsiCo experienced a dispute in India dealing with large amounts of water being used in it’s manufacturing facilities. This issue stirred up a lot of anger within many Indian villages where water supply is scarce. The company was also accused of allowing pesticide residue from local groundwater to enter it’s manufacturing facility and be used in the production of soda (25). This news spread quickly around India. PepsiCo’s sales in India then drastically dropped by double digits (25). These issues that arose were very bothersome to the new CEO of PepsiCo, Indra K. Nooyi. Indra K. Nooyi grew up in India, so the issues of water scarcity and pollution in India were very relevant to her and she wanted to fix these issues as soon as possible. India’s groundwater is some of the most polluted water in the world (25). Several government studies showed that many common products in India such as milk and rice also contained high pesticide and toxin levels (25). So it was not just PepsiCo that was producing contaminated products. Over the next few months scientists performed experiments on several major soda brands being produced in India (25). The end result of the experiments showed that PepsiCo’s products in India actually contained trace amounts of pesticides (25). This was compared to larger amounts of pesticides that were found in beverages such as milk (25). Indian officials argued that even though PepsiCo products contained a lower amount of pesticides, the sugary drinks don’t provide the same nutrition as vegetables, milk, and other nutritious foods (25). Many Indian people rioted against PepsiCo and the sale of it’s products was also banned in certain areas of India (25). Hostility towards PepsiCo in India still exists today. However, sales of PepsiCo’s snack foods and beverages are experiencing significant gains in India every year. 12 External Economic Environment PepsiCo is the largest snack food and non-alcoholic drink producer in the United States. It also does very well in international sales. At the end of 2011 PepsiCo reported that international sales accounted for about 50% of it’s net income (26). Inflation on PepsiCo’s products in India is getting fairly high (12). Top executives are beginning to wonder if there is a way to level this out and keep input costs under control (12). The company will need to figure out a way to solve this problem so that consumer views of PepsiCo in India will not become more tainted than they already are. PepsiCo recently announced that it will be cutting 8,700 jobs across 30 countries in order to revive it’s soft drink business in North America (13). This plan will help the company to save $1.5B over the next three years (13). It plans to spend the money it saves on increased marketing and advertising to consumers. People in North America are becoming more health conscious and many people have quit buying products like PepsiCo’s sugary sodas. This has led to a decrease in sales (13). PepsiCo is hoping to re-gain consumer’s interest in it’s products by coming up with new marketing ideas (13). Competitive Environment PepsiCo’s main competitors are Coca-Cola, Dr. Pepper/Snapple, and Kraft foods (14). PepsiCo is the top producer of non-alcoholic beverages and snack foods in the United States. All of it’s rivals are coming up with new strategies in order to take over the top spot. The competing companies will most likely start directing more of their funds towards marketing their products. For example, Coca-Cola will begin to start diversifying it’s product line (14). Kraft foods will try to devote it’s advertising towards attracting young people to buy it’s products (14). However, 13 it will be very tough for these companies to top PepsiCo’s diverse product line and consumer brand loyalty. Technological Environment PepsiCo is a leader in innovative technology. Last year it started developing a proto-type for a revolutionary new vending machine. The vending machine is called the “Social Vending System” (15). It utilizes contemporary features such as a full size touch screen (15). It works by first letting the consumer select an item for purchase (15). Then it allows the person to select a recipient to receive the gifted item (15). The consumer then enters the recipient’s mobile phone number on the touch screen (15). Then they have the option of sending a personalized text message (15). The recipient can then use the code sent to them to redeem their item at any PepsiCo Social Vending System machine (15). This innovative technology is a great way for PepsiCo to expand it’s consumer base and also stay competitive in today’s technological environment. PepsiCo has began to use “green” refrigeration technology in one it’s subsidiary international companies in Kiev, Ukraine, called Sandora (16). These revolutionary refrigerators are part of PepsiCo’s “Performance with Purpose” global campaign to raise awareness for protecting the environment (16). The “green” refrigerators use an environmentally-friendly type of refrigerant that is safer and more efficient than standard refrigerant (16). The new refrigerators will also use about 40% less energy than regular refrigerators (16). Other unique features of the refrigerator allow it conserve energy by shutting off the lights and fans after three hours of inactivity (16). These technologically advanced refrigerators will save PepsiCo electricity costs and also prevent excessive amounts of greenhouse gasses from entering the atmosphere (16). 14 Legal Environment Recently a law suit was filed against PepsiCo by two Wisconsin men (17). They claim that the company stole their idea for bottled water (17). The men are suing PepsiCo for $1.26B (17). The men argue that they met with PepsiCo representatives in 1981 to discuss their idea for bottled water called “Ultra-Pure” (17). They claim that PepsiCo’s Aquafina bottled water mimics their concept idea (17). They feel they should receive some of the profit from the sales of the bottled water. The men claim that they had confidentiality agreements with PepsiCo for their product, and are suing for breach of contract (17). The case was eventually thrown out because the judge stated that since they waited so long to file the lawsuit, the six-year statute of limitations had expired for their “so-called” contract agreement (17). The men appealed the argument but the court ruled that they ignored developments in the bottled water industry for years, and they did not exercise reasonable thinking to bring the case forward sooner (17). An Illinois man is also suing PepsiCo with the claim that he found a dead mouse in his can of Mountain Dew (18). The man claims that he bought the can of soda from a vending machine at work and upon drinking tasted something odd in the soda (18). He said that after he tasted the soda he became ill and started to vomit (18). He then proceeded to pour the Mountain Dew into a Styrofoam cup. Upon looking into the cup he saw the remains of the dead mouse. So he sent the dead mouse and a complaint letter to PepsiCo. But now the man claims that PepsiCo destroyed the mouse and thus, his evidence (18). The man is seeking $50,000 for damages (18). PepsiCo and also a veterinarian argued that the body of the mouse would have completely dissolved in the can within 30 days because of the acidic nature of the soda (18). The only part of the mouse that could have remained would have been the tail (18). The man opened the can of Mountain Dew 74 days after production, so there is little chance that there would have been 15 much left remaining of a mouse (18). PepsiCo is still defending this case at the moment (18). No judgement has been made to date (18). Political Environment PepsiCo does business in many different countries. Each one has it’s own unique system of government. It is headquartered and does business in the United States, which is a constitutional democracy (19). The company also does quite a bit of business in India, which is a federal republic (20). PepsiCo also is continuing to experience growth of business in China as well, which is a communist state (21). PepsiCo also does a lot of business with South American countries such as Brazil, which is a federal republic (22). Decisions/Problems/Issues I think that PepsiCo needs to address the issue of the nutrition of it’s ingredients. As well as the ethical perspective relating to where it sources and does research for it’s ingredients. The company has had a lot of negative media surrounding them about these important issues lately. Many people are becoming more health conscious. They are turning to other brands in order to fulfill these needs. Most of PepsiCo’s products are very sugary and contain high fats. People are beginning to eat these more sparingly than they have ever done in the past. PepsiCo is also sourcing some questionable ingredients from scientific labs that are using unethical practices such as using dead fetus’ kidney cells to develop flavor ingredients. Many people do not agree with this practice. They are most likely looking for a company that is not participating in these questionable acts. PepsiCo should focus on this problem immediately. PepsiCo should also continue to expand to more regions of China. It should continue with new methods of research and development in order to develop products geared towards the Chinese market. PepsiCo has already established itself in China a few years ago. The Chinese 16 market is very broad and diverse. PepsiCo needs to be aware of this diversity. The Chinese market has been economically growing over the past several years at an extraordinary rate. PepsiCo needs to take advantage of this situation and make the decision to develop new products. This decision should most likely be made before other competitors move into the area and take over the market share of business in China. Solutions I think a possible solution for it would be to consider developing an all new product line of health foods. It could still continue to market it’s flagship products such as Pepsi-Cola and Doritos chips. It could then develop new health food products that would broaden it’s target market to include health conscious people. These new health food products could focus on the usage of whole grains and low fat and sugar. PepsiCo could also develop some products that are organic and all-natural. These products could be sold in regular grocery stores and supermarkets. They could also sell in health food stores. PepsiCo should also do away with doing business with labs that are using unethical ingredients for research. Most people do not agree with this. It has been causing PepsiCo to receive some very negative publicity in the past few years. Another solution for PepsiCo would be to start a few more health awareness programs in order to educate people about the importance of eating healthy. PepsiCo already has a program such as this for school-aged children. I think that they could expand this idea by focusing on developing programs for adults. Many adults are eating and drinking PepsiCo’s products on a daily basis. I think that PepsiCo could teach them about eating and drinking these sugary and fattening products in moderation. It could also teach people about the importance of exercising daily as a supplement to the previously described practice. In order to maintain profits and not lose sales on it’s current products, PepsiCo could then introduce the program audience to it’s all 17 new line of health food products. The company could then offer participants free samples of the healthy new products. Then use persuasive selling techniques in order to entice the customers to buy them. Addressing possible solutions for expansion in China, I think that PepsiCo should set up new manufacturing facilities in rural areas of China that may not be exposed to it’s products. This way PepsiCo could supply the Chinese people with it’s products quickly and more efficiently. The company would also reach a broader market that may have never been exposed to it’s products. I think another solution would be for PepsiCo to develop all new product lines that are geared towards the Chinese people. The company could possibly develop a line of soy or wasabi flavored snack foods that would get the attention of the Chinese market. It would most likely gain many new customers. It would also be headed towards long-term customer brand loyalty. Best Solution I think the best solution for PepsiCo would be to develop a line of all-natural organic health food products. This is the best solution because it would target a whole new market of customers. It would only benefit the company’s revenue in the long run. It is also the best solution for the company because it would broaden it’s product selection. It could distribute it’s products to retailers that it has never done business with before. I think it is also the best solution for PepsiCo to start new health awareness programs in order to launch the introduction of it’s new health products. The company could spread the word about it’s new products to a potential market. At the same time teach people about taking care of their health. It could also distribute free samples of the new products to customers. It could give discounts on the new products if they are purchased at the health seminar. 18 The best solution for PepsiCo would be to publically announce that it will no longer be working in conjunction with companies that are using unethical practices in developing ingredients. This would rid it of receiving negative media. I think more people would be interested in it’s products. This is a very important concern to many health-conscious individuals. This statement should be stressed to the audience at the health awareness program seminars. I think that PepsiCo should go forward with building new manufacturing facilities in rural China. I think this is the best solution because it will further develop it’s customer base. It will also save on shipping and transportation fees to these rural areas of China. I think the best solution for PepsiCo would be to expand it’s product line in China. This is the best solution because it would attract many new customers to it’s products. It would also promote the PepsiCo brand in China. Career Choice I think that PepsiCo would make a good career choice for me personally. It is a profitable company and there is always room for advancement. The company is one of the top producers of beverages and snack foods in the world. I don’t see it going bankrupt anytime soon. There are many job opportunities available with PepsiCo. The company also has many different locations around the world where you could travel for work or possibly be permanently transferred to. PepsiCo offers many great benefits to it’s employees. I think a job with PepsiCo would also suit me well because it pays well for management. It offers a variety of products that I could market to consumers. PepsiCo is always expanding and purchasing new companies. I think that it would be profitable for me to work for PepsiCo in the future. 19 Works Cited 0. Anonymous A (2012). Source: http://finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=PEP+Basic+Chart (Retrieved on April 12, 2012) 1. Anonymous B (2011). Source: http://www.pepsico.com/Company/Our-History.html (Retrieved on April 7, 2012) 2. Anonymous C (2011). Source: http://www.pepsico.com/Company/Leadership.html (Retrieved on April 7, 2012) 3. Anonymous D (2011). Source: http://www.pepsico.com/Company/The-PepsiCoFamily/PepsiCo-Americas-Beverages.html (Retrieved on April 7, 2012) 4. Anonymous E (2011). 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