8 Millennium
Goals Compared
Madagascar &
Georgia
Karen Smith, Rachael Hill
Goal 1. Eradicate extreme
poverty and hunger
Target 1.A:
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than
$1.25 a day


The target of reducing extreme poverty rates by half was met five years ahead of the 2015
deadline.
Target 1.B:
Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women
and young people


Globally, 384 million workers lived below the $1.25 a day poverty line in 2011—a reduction of 294
million since 2001.

The gender gap in employment persists, with a 24.8 percentage point difference between men
and women in the employment-to-population ratio in 2012.
Target 1.C:
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger


The hunger reduction target is within reach by 2015.

Globally, about 870 million people are estimated to be undernourished.

More than 100 million children under age five are still undernourished and underweight.
Goal 2. Achieve Universal
Primary Education
Target 2.A:
Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to
complete a full course of primary schooling


Enrolment in primary education in developing regions reached 90 per cent in 2010, up from
82 per cent in 1999, which means more kids than ever are attending primary school.

In 2011, 57 million children of primary school age were out of school.

Even as countries with the toughest challenges have made large strides, progress on
primary school enrolment has slowed. Between 2008 and 2011, the number of out-ofschool children of primary age fell by only 3 million.

Globally, 123 million youth (aged 15 to 24) lack basic reading and writing skills. 61 per cent
of them are young women.

Gender gaps in youth literacy rates are also narrowing. Globally, there were 95 literate
young women for every 100 young men in 2010, compared with 90 women in 1990.
Goal 3. Promote Gender
Equality & empower women
Target 3.A:
Eliminate gender disparity in primary
and secondary education, preferably
by 2005, and in all levels of education
no later than 2015


The world has achieved equality in primary
education between girls and boys, but only
2 out of 130 countries have achieved that
target at all levels of education.

Globally, 40 out of every 100 wage-earning
jobs in the non-agricultural sector were
held by women in 2011. This is a significant
improvement since 1990.

In many countries, gender inequality
persists and women continue to face
discrimination in access to education, work
and economic assets, and participation in
government. For example, in every
developing region, women tend to hold
less secure jobs than men, with fewer
social benefits.

Violence against women continues to
undermine efforts to reach all goals.

Poverty is a major barrier to secondary
education, especially among older girls.

Women are largely relegated to more
vulnerable forms of employment.
Goal 4. Reduce Child
Mortality
Target 4.A:
Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate


Despite population growth, the number of deaths in children under five worldwide declined
from 12.4 million in 1990 to 6.6 million in 2012, which translates into about 17,000 fewer
children dying each day.

Since 2000, measles vaccines have averted over 10 million deaths.

Despite determined global progress in reducing child deaths, an increasing proportion of
child deaths are in sub-Saharan Africa where one in ten children die before the age of five
and in Southern Asia where one in 16 die before age five.

As the rate of under-five deaths overall declines, the proportion that occurs during the first
month after birth is increasing.

Children born into poverty are almost twice as likely to die before the age of five as those
from wealthier families.

Children of educated mothers—even mothers with only primary schooling—are more likely
to survive than children of mothers with no education.
Target 5.A:
Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio
Goal 5. Improve Maternal
Health


Maternal mortality has nearly halved since 1990. An estimated 287,000 maternal deaths
occurred in 2010 worldwide, a decline of 47 per cent from 1990. All regions have made
progress but accelerated interventions are required in order meet the target.

In Eastern Asia, Northern Africa and Southern Asia, maternal mortality has declined by
around two-thirds.

Nearly 50 million babies worldwide are delivered without skilled care.

The maternal mortality ratio in developing regions is still 15 times higher than in the
developed regions.

The rural-urban gap in skilled care during childbirth has narrowed.
Target 5.B:
Achieve universal access to reproductive health


More women are receiving antenatal care. In developing regions, antenatal care
increased from 63 per cent in 1990 to 81 per cent in 2011.

Only half of women in developing regions receive the recommended amount of health
care they need.

Fewer teens are having children in most developing regions, but progress has slowed.

The large increase in contraceptive use in the 1990s was not matched in the 2000s.

The need for family planning is slowly being met for more women, but demand is
increasing at a rapid pace.

Official Development Assistance for reproductive health care and family planning
remains low.
Goal 6. Combat HIV/Aids
Malaria & other diseases
Target 6.A:
Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS


New HIV infections continue to decline in most regions.

More people than ever are living with HIV due to fewer AIDS-related deaths and the continued large
number of new infections with 2.5 million people are newly infected each year.

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV transmission remains low among young people, along with condom
use.

More orphaned children are now in school due to expanded efforts to mitigate the impact of AIDS.
Target 6.B:
Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it


While the target was missed by 2011, access to treatment for people living with HIV increased in all
regions.

By the end of 2011, eleven countries had achieved universal access to antiretroviral therapy.
Target 6.C:
Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases


The global estimated incidence of malaria has decreased by 17 per cent since 2000, and malaria-specific
mortality rates by 25 per cent.

In the decade since 2000, 1.1 million deaths from malaria were averted.

Countries with improved access to malaria control interventions saw child mortality rates fall by about 20
per cent.

Thanks to increased funding, more children are sleeping under insecticide-treated bed nets in subSaharan Africa.

Treatment for tuberculosis has saved some 20 million lives between 1995 and 2011.
Goal 7. Ensure
Environmental Stability
Target 7.A:
Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of
environmental resources


Forests are a safety net for the poor, but they continue to disappear at an alarming rate.

Of all developing regions, South America and Africa saw the largest net losses of forest areas between 2000 and
2010.

Global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have increased by more than 46 per cent since 1990.
Target 7.B:
Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss


More areas of the earth’s surface are protected. Since 1990, protected areas have increased in number by 58 per
cent.

Growth in protected areas varies across countries and territories and not all protected areas cover key biodiversity
sites.

By 2010, protected areas covered 12.7 per cent of the world’s land area but only 1.6 per cent of total ocean area.
Target 7.C:
Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic
sanitation


The world has met the target of halving the proportion of people without access to improved sources of water, five
years ahead of schedule.

Between 1990 and 2010, more than two billion people gained access to improved drinking water sources.

The proportion of people using an improved water source rose from 76 per cent in 1990 to 89 per cent in 2010.
Goal 8. Global partnership
for development
Target 8.A:
Develop further an open, rule-based,
predictable, non-discriminatory trading and
financial system


Despite the pledges by G20 members to
resist protectionist measures initiated as a
result of the global financial crisis, only a
small percentage of trade restrictions
introduced since the end of 2008 have been
eliminated. The protectionist measures taken
so far have affected almost 3 per cent of
global trade.
Target 8.B:
Address the special needs of least developed
countries


Tariffs imposed by developed countries on
products from developing countries have
remained largely unchanged since 2004,
except for agricultural products.

Bilateral aid to sub-Saharan Africa fell by
almost 1 per cent in 2011.

There has been some success of debt relief
initiatives reducing the external debt of
heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) but
20 developing countries remain at high risk of
debt distress.
Eradicate extreme poverty/hunger
Madagascar


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Suffering from poverty
because of unsustainable
resources population rates
are much higher than income
from agriculture which is very
low
In a 2003/2004 survey among
2178 households in a sample of
rural communities, 90% of
families said that they did not
produce enough food to last
the previous 12 months
Constraints keeping them from
reaching the MDG goal would
be: land quality, lack of
agricultural inputs and poor
transportation infrastructure.
Georgia


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Georgia has made impressive
economic growth but despite
that growth poverty has only
decreased slightly
Positive trends in poverty
reduction and economic
development were
challenged by the war with
Russia in August 2008 and the
world economic crisis
More than 70% of the
population regard themselves
as unemployed, as showed
by NDI public opinion survey in
mid-2012.
Achieve Universal Primary Education
Madagascar


In 2008, trends have shown
that Madagascar was on
track to achieve MDG 2,
the crisis in which it is mired
shows that it is unlikely that
this will be achieved.
Progress in universal
primary education are low,
the net primary enrollment
rate has increased slightly,
from 71% in 1997 to 74% in
2010.
Georgia


Through its Economic
Development Program,
UNDP helps Georgia
implement systemic reform
of professional education
and build a standardsbased qualifications and
training system that
responds to the needs of
the local labour market
UNDP also assists in
developing new curricula
and manuals, re-training
teachers, and in launching
new training programs.
Promote Gender equality
Madagascar


Madagascar has yet to
make significant efforts to
promote the right to
literacy for all citizens.
Goals: The increase to 30%
by 2012 and 50% by 2015
the proportion of women
serving in instances
decision-making and
conduct of public affairs;
Improving women's access
to productive resources
Georgia



In March 2010 the Government
of Georgia adopted the law
“On Gender Equality” and
elaborated a National Action
Plan
The Parliamentary Council on
Gender Equality, initially a
temporary advisory structure,
became a standing body in
March 2010
According to the Gender
inequality Index, Georgia is
placed 71 of the 137 countries
surveyed.
Improve maternal health
Georgia
Madagascar


The maternal mortality rate
increases and reaches a
relatively high level (in ratio of
498 per 100 000 live births in
2008 against 488 in 1997.
Increased awareness
campaigns birth controls, the
significant decline in the fertility
rate of girls aged 15 to 19 years
and access to prenatal care
for safe motherhood
contributed to improving
maternal health.


The increased state funding of
maternal programs and
improved access to affordable
high quality medical services
has played the crucial role in
the steady decrease of
maternal mortality (MMR) in
Georgia from 23.4 in 2005 to
19.4 in 2010
Proportion of births attended
by skilled health personnel was
increased from 98.5 in 2005 to
99.6 in 2010.
Reduce
child mortality
Madagascar


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According to data from recent
Demographic and Health
Surveys, the mortality rate of
children under five has
declined over the past 10
years.
The level of child mortality
varies from 106 per thousand
children from the poorest
households to 48 per thousand
for those in the richest
households.
The risk of dying between birth
and age 5 years is estimated
at 188 per thousand against a
minimum of 41 per thousand in
the region Bongolava.
Georgia

The reform process in the health
sector, especially rehabilitation of
primary and hospital facilities
(including new equipment and
technologies), establishment of
new guidelines and protocols,
expanding of state financing for
children programs, increase of
accessibility and affordability of
population to high quality
medical services, determined
stable trend of decreasing under
–five child mortality in Georgia
from 19.4 per 1,000 live births in
2005 to 12.0 in 2011 and infant
mortality rate from 18.1 per 1,000
live births in 2005 to 11.0 in 2011.
Combat HIV/Aids & diseases
Madagascar



Madagascar is among the
countries where HIV prevalence is
maintained at less than 1% even in
the groups most at risk
Very significant reduction in the
incidence of malaria and hospital
related mortality in recent years
have been the result of combined
actions of preventive and curative
measures, sustained funding
partners (Global fund, PMI / USD,
UNICEF, WHO, MONACO) and a
very efficient coordination in the
management of programs
Other diseases such as malaria and
tuberculosis are endemic and still
affect a large part of the Malagasy
population.
Georgia


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According to the National Aids
center, there were 3,080 (2,268
males and 812 females)
registered HIV cases as of
December 2011
The certification of malaria
elimination has been initiated
in 2011.
There is a high burden of
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
(MDR-TB) in the country, which
greatly complicates Georgia’s
TB epidemic
Ensure environmental sustainability
Madagascar



The country holds more than 5%
of global biodiversity with
endemic rates of around 90%. Its
environmental richness offers
development opportunities
untapped particularly in the field
of tourism
10 out of 22 regions have access
to higher water rates than the
average
Madagascar has made progress
in protecting the environment:
down 4 the speed of
deforestation in 20 years,
creating large protected area of
60000 km2 (11% of the national
territory).
Georgia



The government of Georgia
adopted the strategy and
action plan on biodiversity
preservation with Resolution
#27 of February 19, 2004
The strategy covers the
preservation of biodiversity for
the period of 10 years, while
the action plan is designed for
a five-year term
Despite its rich water deposits,
Georgia is still experiencing
difficulties in supplying the
population with safe drinking
water in rural areas
Global partnership for development
Madagascar



In 2010, only 1% of households
had a landline (2.2% in urban
areas). 51.6% of urban
households had a mobile
phone.
Goals made in 2009:
support the coordination of
international partners,
the implementation of the
information system on aid flows
and
studies and recommendations
on the challenges of
development aid in the current
situation knows the pay
Georgia


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Georgia has a rather liberal
trade regime. The country’s
legislation does not apply any
quantitative restrictions,
restrictions of licensing
requirements or other nontariff
barriers
The European Union lifted the
status of non-market economy
country for Georgia thus
cancelling certain trade
restrictions previously hindering
the country.
In April 2011 Georgia became
the 135th country to officially
adhere to the Paris Declaration
on Aid Effectiveness (PD) and
the Accra Agenda for Action
(AAA)
Comparison
-Madagascar is focusing on growing a
global partnership and economy while
Georgia has established a good name for
itself already
-Georgia is more successful environmentally
being richer in water supply while
Madagascar still has less than half of their
people with below average drinking water
-Georgia also highly exceeds Madagascar
in reaching equality for women
Will they
make it?


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Madagascar
Madagascar is making
a strong effort by
creating “action plans”
within their government
to meet the goals
I predict that they will
not meet all the
“targets” within the
goals but that they will
at least meet partial
success from every
single goal




Georgia
Georgia has made a
strong commitment to the
millennium goals and is
increasing their progress at
a pretty steady rate
We could definitely see
them meeting some of the
goals at full capacity and
at least partial targets for
the other goals
They have more available
resources to meet the
goals rather than
Madagascar
Our Souces
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ome.html