B. PHARM
1st Semester
TECHNICAL ENGLISH
BPH 1.1 T (2 hours/per week) Theory
1.
2.
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7.
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10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
L2
T0
P0
Single Word Substitution
Idioms and Phrases
Pairs of Words
Common Errors
Précis
Comprehension
Articles
Prepositions
Correct forms of the verb
Official Correspondence
Memorandum, Notice, Agenda, Minutes, Circular Letter, Applying for a Job, Resume,
Business Correspondence – Types, Sales Letters
Social Correspondence – Invitation to Speak, Congratulations etc
Report Writing-General and Technical Report: Definition, Types, Structure
Research Papers and Articles
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1. Mohan & Sharma: “Report Writing and Business Correspondence,” Tata McGraw Hill
2. . Bhattacharya, Indrajit. An Approach to Communication Skills, Dhanpat Rai Co. Pvt Ltd;
New Delhi.
3. Rutherford, Andreaj. Basic Communication Skills for Technology, Addison Wesley
Longman, New Delhi.
4. Wright, Chrissie. Handbook of Practical Communication Skills. Jaico Pub House, Mumbai.
5. Scott, Bill. The Skills of Communicating. Jaico Pub House, Mumbai.
6. Sethi, Anjanee and Adhikari,Bhavana. Business Communication. New Delhi: McGraw Hill
Education. 2010.
PHARM CHEM-I (Inorganic Chemistry)
BPH 1.2 T (2 hours/per week) Theory
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
L3
T0
P0
Pharmaceutical aids & necessities like acids, bases, buffers, antioxidants, water, tableting
aids, suspending agents, preservatives and filter aids.
Gastrointestinal agents like acidifying agents, antacids, protective and adsorbents and
cathartics.
Major intracellular and extracellular electrolytes, major physiological Ions, electrolytes
used in replacement therapy, physiological acid base balance, electrolytes used in acid
base therapy, electrolyte combination therapy.
Essential and trace elements of pharmaceutical importance, mineral supplements and
haematinics.
Topical agents including protective, astringents and antimicrobials.
Dental products like dentifrices and anticaries agents.
Gases and vapors including oxygen, anesthetics and respiratory stimulants.
Sources of Impurity, Limit test and Limit test for Chloride, Sulphate, Iron and Arsenic.
Radiopharmaceuticals, their preparation, nomenclature, units of activity, measurement of
activity and clinical applications.
Miscellaneous inorganic pharmaceutical agents like expectorants, emetics, poisons and
their antidotes
PHARM CHEM-I (Inorganic Chemistry)
BPH 1.2 P (3 hours/week) Practical
L0
T0
P3
1.
To perform identification tests of atleast five inorganic compounds.
2.
To perform the systematic qualitative analysis of at least three inorganic mixtures
containing upto four radicals.
3.
To perform the limit tests for impurities in pharmaceutical compounds, to perform the
quantitative tests for inorganic pharmaceutical compounds.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Block, J.H., Roche, E., Soine, T.O. and Wilson, C.O., Inorganic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical
Chemistry.
Additional Readings:1.
Chatwal Gr, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Inorganic Vol 1, Himalaya Publishing House.
2.
Anees Ahmad Siddiqui, Seemi Siddiqui, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tara
Publishers.
REMEDIAL BIOLOGY
BPH 1.3 RBT (3 hours/week) Theory
1.
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7.
L3
T0
P0
Morphology:- Root and stem modifications, leaf, flower, fruit & seed.
Anatomy:- Tissue system in root, stem, leaf, bark & wood.
Plant Cell:- Organelles, cell division, tissues and types.
Methods of Classification:- Artificial, natural and phyllogenetic.
Plant Taxonomy Families:- Apocyanaceae, Solanaceae, Rutaceae, Fabaceae,
Rubiaceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Umbelliferae Papaveraceae, Foaceae and
Liliaceae.
Animal Kingdom:- Structure and life history of Amoeba, Entamoeba, Trypanosoma,
Ancyclostoma, Plasmodium, Taenia, Ascaris, Fasiola and Oxyuris.
General structure and life history of insects like Mosquito, Housefly, Mites and Silk worm.
REMEDIAL BIOLOGY
BPH 1.3 RBP (3 hours/week) Practical
L0
T0
P2
1.
2.
Care, use and types of microscope
Morphology of plant parts indicate in theory, Preparation and microscopic examination of
the following
3.
Stem of monocot and dicot plant
4.
Root of monocot and dicot plant
5.
Leaf of monocot and dicot plant
6 - 10 Gross identification of slides and structure and life cycle of lower plants and animals
mentioned in theory
11-14 Structure of parasites and insects infecting human as mentioned in the theory
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.
2.
3.
4.
A Text book of Zoology by Pati, Nanda & Ghosh (kitab mahal, Cuttack).
A Text book of Botany by A.K.Nanda.
Pharmaceutical Botany by Heber W.Youngken (International book distribution, Dehradun).
An Introduction of plant Anatomy by A.J.Eames and L.H.Dantels.
REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS
BPH 1.3 RMT (3 hours/week) Theory
1.
L4
T0
P0
Algebra:- Equations reducible to quadratic, simultaneous equation (linear and quadratic).
Determinants, properties of solution of simultaneous equations by Cramer’s rule, matrices,
definition of special kinds of matrices, arithmetic operations on matrices, inverse of a
matrix, solution of simultaneous equations by matrices, pharmaceutical applications of
determinants and matrices. Evaluation of En1, En2 and En3 menstruation and its
pharmaceutical applications.
2.
Measures of Central Value:- Objectives and pre-requisites of an ideal, measure
mean, mode and median.
3.
Trigonometry:- Measurement of angle, T-ratios, addition, subtraction and
transformation formulae, T-ratios of multiple, sub-multiple, allied and certain angles.
Application of logarithms in pharmaceutical computations.
4.
Analytical Plans Geometry:- Certain co-ordinates, distance between two points, area
of triangle, a locus of point, straight line, slope and intercept form double-intercept form,
normal (perpendicular form), slope-point and two point form, general equation of first
degree.
5.
CALCULUS:(I)
Differential:- Limits and functions, definition of differential coefficient,
differentiation of standard functions, including function of a function (chain rule).
Differentiation of implicit functions, logarithmic differentiation, parametric
differentiation, successive differentiation.
(II)
Integral:- Integration as inverse of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard
forms, integration by parts, substitution and partial fractions, formal evaluation of
definite integrals.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A Text Book of Mathematics for XI, XII students, NCERT Publications, Vol-I to IV.
Elements of Mathematics (Vol.-I & II), Orissa State Bureau of Text Book Preparation and
Production, Bhubaneswar.
Topics in Mathematics by G.Das, R.S.Rath, B.P.Acharya, P.Mohapatra, S.Padhy (Part-I &
II) (kalyani Publisher, New Delhi).
Intermediate Mathematics (Vol.-I & II) by V.Venkateswara Rao, N.Krishnamurthy,
B.V.S.S.Sarma. (S.Chand, New Delhi).
Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr.J.S.Grewal.(Khanna publishers, New Delhi).
ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH EDUCATION-I
BPH 1.4 T (3Hours/Week)Theory
1.
L3
T0
P0
Introduction and Scope of Anatomy and Physiology: - Structural and
functional organization of various organ systems; Definitions of various terms used in
Anatomy.
2.
Structure and function of cell:- and its components with Special emphasis on
molecular structure of cell membrane, transporter mechanisms, mitochondria and nucleus.
Cell cycle and its significance. Mechanism of protein synthesis by cell organelles.
3.
Elementary tissues of the body:- Various elementary tissues and their subtypes:
epithelial tissue, muscular tissue, connective tissue and nervous tissue.
4.
Osseous system:- Structure and function of skeleton; Histology of bone; Classification
of joints and their function; Joint disorders.
5.
Muscular system:- Gross anatomy of skeletal muscles; Names, position, attachments
and functions of various muscles; Neuromuscular junction; Physiology of muscle
contraction and its components; Properties of skeletal muscles and their significance in
health disorders.
6.
Haemopoietic System:- Composition and functions of blood and its components;
Blood groups; Mechanism of blood coagulation; Haemopoiesis; Brief information regarding
disorders of blood
7.
Lymph and lymphatic System:- Composition, formation, and circulation of lymph;
Extra-cellular, Trans-cellular and intra-cellular fluids and their composition; Basic
physiology of spleen and serosal cavities; Disorders of lymphatic system.
8.
Cardiovascular System:- Anatomy of the heart; Circulatory system including Arterial
and Venous system with special reference to the names and positions of main arteries and
veins; Properties of Cardiac muscle; Electrocardiogram (ECG); Blood pressure and its
regulation; Coronary circulation; Basic understanding of Cardiac cycle and Heart sounds;
Renin Angiotensin system and its significance; Cardiac output; Brief introduction to
cardiovascular disorders.
9.
Body Defense Mechanisms & Immunit y:- Basic principles of immunity; innate
immunity; adaptive immunity; immune interactions; immunotherapy; acquired immunity;
Reticulo- endothelial System
10.
Digestive System:- Gross Anatomy of the Gastro-intestinal tract; Structure and
functions of various organs of alimentary canal and associated organs like Liver, pancreas
and gall bladder; Physiology of digestion and absorption; Brief overview of disorders.
ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH EDUCATION-I
BPH 1.4 P (3Hours/Week) Practical
L0
T0
P3
1.
Study of the human skeleton and bones.
.
2.
Study of the human cardiovascular (Heart, Arterial & Venous System), Digestive and
Muscular System with the help of charts and models.
Microscopic study of permanent slides of various Tissues:-
3.
‐ Columnar, Cuboidal, Squamous, Ciliated Epithelium.
‐ Cardiac/Skeletal/ Smooth muscle
‐ Artery, Vein, Liver, Pancreas, Thyroid, Stomach, Intestine
Hematology experiments: Use & Care of Microscope, Study of Haemocytometry,
Hemoglobin estimation, Total WBC count, Total RBC count, Differential WBC count,
Determination of clotting time and bleeding time of blood, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
(ESR) and Blood Groups, Effect of Osmosis on RBC.
4.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS (Latest Editions):1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Tortora G.J. and Anagnodokos N.P., Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, Harper and
Colling Publishers, New York.
Guyton A.C. and Hall J.E., Textbook of Medical Physiology, 10th edn, W.B. Saunders
Waugh A. and Grant A., Ross and Wilson’s Anatomy and Physiology in Health & Illness Churchill Livingstone
William J. Larsen, Anatomy – Development, function, Clinical Correlations, Saunders
(Elsevier Science)
Seeley R.R., Stephens T. D. and Tate P., Anatomy and Physiology (2000), McGraw Hill Co.
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy (2 Volumes), Edited by Putz and R. Pabst, Lippincott,
Williams and Wilkins.
Anne M.R. Agur & Ming J. Lee, Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy, Lippincott, Williams and
Wilkins.
Gosling T.A., Harris P.F., Whitmore I., William, Human Anatomy: Color Atlas and Text –
Mosby.
Bullock B.L. & Henze R.L., Focus on Pathophysiology, Lippincott.
Martini, F. Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, Prentice Hall.
Goyal R.K. & Mehta A.A., Human Anatomy Physiology and Health Education, B.S. Shah
Prakashan.
West, J.B., Best and Taylor’s Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, Williams and
Wilkins, Baltimore.
Joshi Vijaya D., Preparatory Manual for Undergraduates Physiology, B.I. Churchill
Livingstone.
Chatterjee C.C., Human Physiology, Medical Allied Agency, Calcutta.
Goyal R.K. et al., Practical Anatomy Physiology and Biochemistry, B.S. Shah Prakashan
PHARMACEUTICS-I (Dispensing Pharmacy)
BPH 1.5 T (3Hours/Week) Theory
1.
L3
T0
P0
Orientation, introduction and scope of pharmacy profession, official compendia, historical
background of the profession and ethics of pharmacy.
2.
Pharmaceutical Calculations:- Posology, calculation of doses for infants, adults
and elderly patients, introduction to units of weight and volume in both imperial and
metric systems, simple calculations involved in preparing solutions of solids in liquids and
liquids in liquids based on imperial and metric systems, method of allegation, proof spirit,
isotonic solutions.
3.
Extraction and Extractives:- Various methods of extraction, infusion, decoction,
percolation and digestion, various official extractives i.e. infusions, decoctions, tinctures
and extracts (liquid, soft and dry), oleoresins.
4.
Introduction to different dosage forms, definitions with examples, need for different
dosage forms.
5.
Common pharmaceutical ingredients like preservatives, colouring agents, flavouring
agents, sweeteners. Water as a vehicle and methods of purifying water.
PHARMACEUTICS-I (Dispensing Pharmacy)
BPH 1.5 P (3Hours/Week) Practical
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
L0
T0
P3
To prepare various aromatic water.
To prepare different solutions, mixtures and emulsions.
To prepare various spirits, infusions and tinctures.
To prepare of bulk powders, divided powders, effervescent powders and dusting powders.
To prepare various dentrifices.
To study the labeling and packaging of various types of parental dosage forms.
Preparation of pharmacopoeial extracts and galenial products utilizing various methods of
extraction.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Carter, S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students, CBS Publishers, Delhi.
PHARMACOGNOSY-I
BPH 1.6 T (3Hours/Week) Theory
1.
2.
3.
4.
L3
T0
P0
Definition, history, scope and development of Pharmacognosy.
Sources of drugs:- Biological, marine, mineral and plant tissue cultures as sources of
drugs
Classification of drugs:- Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, chemical and
pharmacological classification of drugs
Plant taxonomy:- study of the following families with special reference to medicinally
important plants–Apocynaceae, Solanaceae, Rutaceae, Umbelliferae, Leguminosae,
5.
6.
7.
8.
Rubiaceae, Liliaceae, Graminae, Labiatae, Cruciferae, Papaveraceae.
Quantitative Microscopy:- Microscopic measurements of cells and cell contents:
Starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals and phloem fibres. Determination of leaf constants
such as stomatal index, stomatal number, vein-islet number, vein-let termination number
and palisade ratio.
Cultivation, Collection, Processing and storage of crude drugs: - Factors
influencing cultivation of medicinal plants. Types of soils and fertilizers of common use.
Pest management and natural pest control agents. Plant hormones and their applications.
Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants.
Quality control of crude drugs:- Adulteration of crude drugs and their detection
by organoleptic, microscopic, physical, chemical and biological methods and properties.
Systematic Pharmacognostic study of the following: (a)
Carbohydrates and derived products: Agar, Guar gum, Acacia, Honey, Isabgol,
Pectin, Starch and Tragacanth.
(b)
Lipids: Bees wax, Castor oil, Cocoa butter, Cod-liver oil, Hydnocarpus oil,
Kokum butter, Lard, Linseed oil, Shark liver oil and Wool fat.
PHARMACOGNOSY-I
BPH 1.6 P (3Hours/Week) Practical
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
L0
T0
P3
Morphological characteristics of plant families mentioned in theory.
Microscopic measurements of cells and cell contents: Starch grains, calcium oxalate
crystals and phloem fibres.
Determination of leaf constants such as stomatal index, stomatal number, vein-islet
number, vein-termination number and palisade ratio.
Identification of crude drugs belonging to carbohydrates and lipids.
Preparation of herbarium sheets.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.
2.
3.
4.
Text Book of Pharmacognosy by Kokate C K, Purohit A P, Gokhale S B (Nirali Prakashan,
Pune)
Trease G.E. and Evans W.C., Pharmacognosy (Balliene Tindall, Eastbourne)
Text Book of Pharmacognosy by T.E.Wallis.(CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi)
Tyler V.E., Brady L.R. and Robbers J.E., Pharmacognosy (Len & Febiger, Philadelphia)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2nd Semester
PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE & ETHICS
BPH 2.1 T (3 hours/week) Theory
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
L3
Pharmaceutical Legislations – A brief review
Code of Pharmaceutical Ethics.
Pharmacy Act – 1948
Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945
Medicinal & Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act 1955
Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 & Rules
Drugs Price Control Order 1995
Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Acts 1954
A brief study of the following with special reference to the main provisions only
Poisons Act 1919
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1970 & Rules 1975
Prevention of Cruelty of Animals Act 1960
Factories Act 1948
Patents Act 1970
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
T0
A Textbook of Forensic Pharmacy by B.M.Mithal
A Textbook of Forensic Pharmacy by N.K.Jain
Drugs and Cosmetics Act and Rules published by Government of India
Pharmacy Act, Published by Government of India
Law of Drugs
Drug Cases published by International Law Book Co. Delhi (Reference)
P0
PHARM CHEM-II (Organic Chemistry)
BPH 2.2 T (3 hours/week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
1
Structure and Properties:- Structural theory, chemical bonds, atomic orbital, wave
equation, molecular orbitals, bonding and antibonding orbitals, covalent bonds, hybrid
orbitals, intramolecular forces, acids and bases.
2
Stereochemistry: - Isomerism and nomenclature, related physicochemical properties,
chirality, chiral reagents, enantiomers, diastereomers and mesomers.
3
Relative and absolute configuration, D/L and R/S nomenclature, racemic mixture and
resolution.
4
Geometrical isomerism, confirmation in open chain systems, reactions Involving
stereoisomeris.
5
Structure, nomenclature and properties with special emphasis on reaction mechanisms of
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, dienes.
Benzene, polynuclear aromatic compounds, arenes.
Alkyl halides, alcohols, ethers, epoxides, amines, phenols.
Aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, functional derivatives of carboxylic acids.
6
7
8
9
Reactive intermediates like carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes nitrenium Ions,
and free radicals.
10
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions, α, β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds; Orbital
Symmetry and Rules, Electrocyclic Reactions, Cycloaddition Transition and Sigmatropic
Reactions; Neighbouring Group Effects; Catalysis by Transition Metal Complexes,
Stereoselective and Stereospecific reactions; New Organic Reagents Used in Drug
Synthesis.
PHARM CHEM-II (Organic Chemistry)
BPH 2.2 P (3 hours/week) Practical
1.
Identification of organic compounds and their derivatization.
2.
To prepare fumaric acid from maleic acid.
3.
To prepare m-dinitrobenzene from nitrobenzene.
4.
To prepare acetanilide from aniline.
5.
To prepare cinnamic dibromride from cinnamic acid.
L0
T0
P3
6.
To prepare benzyl from benzoin.
7.
To prepare p-nitroacetanilide from acetanilide.
8.
To prepare benzylthiouranium chloride from benzylchloride.
9.
To prepare benzaldehydphenylhydrazone from phenylhydrazine.
10.
To prepare 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid from benzoic acid.
11.
To prepare sorbic acid from malonic acid.
12.
Preparation of stereomodels.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Morrison, R.T. and Boyd, R.N., Organic Chemistry, Allyl and Bacon, Inc., Boston, USA.
Additional Readings:Michael B. Smith and Jerry March, March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms,
and Structure, Wiley-Interscience, 6 edition (January 16, 2007).
PHARMACEUTICS-II (Dispensing Pharmacy)
BPH 2.3 T (3 hours/week) Theory
L3
TO P0
1.
Prescription:- Description and parts of a prescription, Handling of Prescription,
Sources of Errors in Prescription, General Dispensing Procedures, Labelling of the
Dispensed Products.
2.
Preparation and Dispensing of:- Powders- Bulk and Divided, Special Powders,
Capsules, Lozenges and Troches
3.
Preparation and Dispensing of:- Lotions, Liniments, Ointments, Creams, Pastes,
Collodions, Jellies, Solutions, Suspensions and Emulsions, Dentifrices and Mouth Washes
4.
Social Pharmacy:- Patient Compliance, Patient Education, Health Literacy, Patient
Counseling and Communication, Illness Behavior, The Placebo effect.
5.
Economics of Public Health Care System: - Pharmacoepidemiology and
pharmacoeconomics, Organization of retail and whole-sale drug store, types of drug store
and design, legal requirements of establishment.
6.
Incompatibilities:Physical
and
chemical
incompatibilities,
inorganic
incompatibilities including incompatibilities of metals and their salts, non-metals, acids,
alkalis, organic incompatibilities. Purine bases, alkaloids, pyrazolone derivatives, amino
acids, quaternary ammonium compounds, carbohydrates, glycosides, anesthetics, dyes,
surface active agents, correction of incompatibilities. Therapeutic incompatibilities.
PHARMACEUTICS-II (Dispensing Pharmacy)
BPH 2.3 P (3 hours/week) Practical
1.
3.
4.
4.
L0
T0
P3
Dispensing of prescription falling under the categories: Mixtures, solutions, emulsions,
creams, ointments, powders, suppositories, ophthalmic, capsules, paste, jellies, pastilles,
lozenges, pills, tablet triturates, lotions, liniments, inhalations, paints, etc.
Identification of various types of incompatibilities in prescription, correction thereof and
dispensing of such prescriptions.
Dispensing procedures involving pharmaceuticals calculations, pricing of prescriptions and
dosage calculations for pediatric and geriatric patients.
Study of legal requirements of labeling, packaging and storage of various pharmaceutical
products.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Carter, S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students, CBS Publishers, Delhi.
Additional Readings:Jain, N.K., Sharma, S. N., A textbook of professional Pharmacy , Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi.
COMPUTER APPLICATION
BPH 2.4 T (3Hours/Week) Theory
L2
T0
P0
COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS:1.
History:- Introduction to Computer, Computer classifications (According to generation,
size and use).
2.
Hardware:- Introduction to hardware, CPU, Mother board, Input devices, Output
devices, Storage Devices and Memory. Various ports and slots available with mother board
– ISA, PCI Serial, Parallel, PS/2 and USB and their uses.
3.
Networking:- Introduction to networking, Classification of networking like LAN, WAN,
MAN. Hardware of networking – Modem, Hub, Cables. Power devices used in various line
conditions like CVT, UPS.
4.
Number systems:- Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal and their uses in computer
5.
Software:- Introduction to software, Simple example and use of Machine language,
Assembly language and Higher level languages. Operating systems and classifications of
application software according to their use.
Application of computers in pharmacy:- Introduction to various uses of computer
in pharmaceutical research and development, industries, authorities, education and hospitals.
6.
7.
Operating systems:- Introduction to different types of file manipulation and storage
maintenance functions by using DOS, WINDOWS (98 & XP) & LINUX
8.
File manipulations:- Directories / folder / files searching, creating, copying, moving,
deleting, renaming.
9.
Maintenance:- Checking, Scanning and formatting a floppy disk, CD Writing.
10.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE (PROGRAMMING WITH C):Introduction to programming:- Problem analysis, algorithm, flow chart, coding,
execution, debugging and testing, program documentation. Introduction to C: Programming
rules. C-Declarations: C-Character set, Key words, identifiers, constants, variables, defining
variables, data type, declaring variables, initializing variables, conversion types etc.
Operators and expression, input and output statement in C. Decision statements: If ., if.
Else, Nested if.. else, Go to, Switch ( ).. Case, break, default statement, loop control
statement: While, Do…..While, for, nested for. Arrays: One dimensional Two dimensional
The sscanf ( ) and sprintf ( ) functions Preprocessor directives: # include, # define
11.
Internet:- History of internet, Introduction to Internet Browsers, URL. Introduction to
email and how to check and compose an email. Important websites related to
pharmaceutical information – like sites for information regarding drugs, medical literature,
plants, adverse effects, clinical data, patent sites, FDA, WHO, etc.
COMPUTER APPLICATION
BPH 2.4 P (3Hours/Week) Practical
L0
T0
P2
(A minimum of 15 experiments shall be conducted) :1.
2.
3.
Demonstration of hardware.
Operating system: DOS, WINDOWS & LINUX, Searching directories or folders, creating
and deleting files and folders, Copying and Moving files and folders / directories, saving in
floppies and CD Writing. Formatting and checking by floppy disks and Bootable CD.
Simple programming in C or C++: at least five programs.
4.
Create and save a document in a word processor program like MS WORD. Type few
paragraphs, format them, and paste an image.
5.
Create and save presentations in POWERPOINT
6.
Create and save a work sheet using MS EXCEL. Input data in cells, copy and move the data,
make calculations, plot a graph from X and Y sets of data.
7.
Internet (Search Engine, email, groups)
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:th
1.
2.
Computer and common sense, 4 edn., Hunt & Shelly, Prentice-Hall India.
DOS 6 & 6.22: An Introduction with computer fundamentals. Pradeep Nair, Payal Lotia,
BPB Publications.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
DOS 6 & 6.22 Instant Reference, 2 Edn. Robert M. Thomas, BPB Publications.
Windows 98 Instant Reference, Peter Dyson, BPB Publications.
ABCs of Windows 98, Sharon Crawford & Neil J. Salkin, BPB Publications.
Programming in ANSI C by E.Balguruswamy (TMH, New Delhi)
Programming in C++ by D.Ravichandran (TMH, New Delhi)
Complete Reference MS- Office
Complete Reference Windows XP.
Complete Reference Internet
Linux OS
nd
PHARM ANALYSIS-I
BPH 2.5 T (3 hours/week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
1
Introduction:- Significance of Quantitative Analysis in Quality Control, Different
Techniques of Analysis, Preliminaries and Definitions, Significant Figures, Rules for
Retaining Significant Digits, Types of Errors, Mean, Standard Deviation, Statistical
Treatment of Small Data Sets, Selection of Samples, Precision and Accuracy,
Fundamentals of Volumetric Analysis, Methods of Expressing Concentrations, Primary
and Secondary Standards.
2
Acid Base Titrations:- Acid Base Concepts, Role of Solvent, Relative Strengths of
Acids and Bases, Ionization, Law of Mass Action, Common Ion Effect, Ionic Product of
Water, pH, Hydrolysis of Salts, Handerson Hasselbach Equation, Buffer Solutions,
Neutralization Curves, Acid Base Indicators, H3PO4, NaOH, CaCO3.
3
Oxidation Reduction Titrations:- Concepts of Oxidation and Reduction, Redox
Reactions, Strengths and Equivalent Weights of Oxidizing and Reducing Agents, Theory
of Redox Titrations, Redox Indicators, Cell Representations, Measurement of Electrode
Potential, Oxidation Reduction Curves, Iodimetry and Iodometry, Titrations Involving
Ceric Sulphate, Potassium Iodate, Potassium Bromate
4
Precipitation Titrations:- Precipitation Reactions, Solubility Product, Effects of
Common Ions, Acids, Temperature and Solvent on the Solubility of a Precipitate,
Argentometric Titrations, Titrations Involving Ammonium and Potassium Thiocyanate,
Mercuric Nitrate, Indicators, Gay-Lussac Method, Mohr’s Method, Volhard’s Method and
Fajan’s Method.
5
Gravimetric Analysis:- Precipitation Techniques, Colloidal State, Supersaturation, Coprecipitation, Digestion, Washing of the Precipitate, Filtration, Filter Papers and Crucibles,
Ignition, Thermogravimetric Curves, Specific Examples like Barium Sulphate, Aluminium
Oxide, Calcium Oxalate and Magnesium Pyrophosphate, Organic Precipitants.
6
Basic concept of Quality Control & Quality Assurance, Total Quality Management,
Philosophy of GMP, GLP, ISO and introduction to ICH guidelines.
7
Quality Control Laboratory: Responsibilities, routine controls, instruments, protocols,
standard test procedure sampling plans etc. Quality Control documentation and audits of
QC facilities.
8
Quality Control in Pharmaceutical Industries - Introduction to validation–Equipment,
Method, Personnel and Process validations, Validation of water and air handling systems.
In process quality control on various dosage forms. Standard Operating Procedures for
operations like cleaning, filling, drying, compression, coating, sterilization etc.
PHARM ANALYSIS-I
BPH 2.5 P (3 hours/week) Practical
L0
T0
P3
1.
Preparation and standardization of acids and bases.
2.
Determination of acids and bases separately or in mixture form using official methods.
3.
Assay of Boric acid by Pharmacopoeial Method.
4.
Preparation and standardization of potassium permanganate.
5.
Preparation and standardization of potassium dichromate
6.
Preparation and standardization of iodine.
7.
Preparation and standardization of sodium thiosulphate.
8.
Determination of oxidizing and reducing agents in the sample shall be covered. Exercises
involving potassium iodate, potassium bromate, iodine solution, titanous chloride, sodium
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol and ceric ammonium sulphate.
9.
Preparation and standardization of titrants like silver nitrate and ammonium thiocyanate.
10.
To perform titrations according to Mohr’s, Volhard’s and Fajans methods
11.
Preparation of Gooch crucible for filtration and use of sintered glass crucible.
12.
Determination of water of hydration by gravimetric analysis.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:-
Vogel, A. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis,
Additional Readings:1.
Chapter 1-11, Verma, R. M., Analytical Chemistry: Theory and Practical, 3rd ed. CBS
Publication, New Delhi, 2002.
2.
Connors, K.A., A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH EDUCATION-II
BPH 2.6 T (3Hours/Week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
1.
Respiratory System: - Anatomy of Respiratory organs, Physiology (mechanism and
regulation) of respiration, Physiology of Internal Respiration, Brief overview of measuring
lung functions i.e. respiratory volumes, Vital capacity, Respiratory disorders.
2.
Nervous System:- Neurons and Nerve Fibers, Physiology of Nerve excitation and
conduction, Overview of Neurotransmitters, Divisions of Nervous System, Central Nervous
System (Brain & Spinal Cord), Function of different parts of brain and spinal cord, Reflex
action, Electroencephalogram (EEG), Specialized functions of the brain including Limbic
system and Reticular activation and Inhibiting System, Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
(Cranial nerves & spinal nerves): Description of spinal and cranial nerves, Physiology and
functions of the Autonomic Nervous System, brief introduction to CNS disorders.
3.
Special Senses: - Basic anatomy of the Eye and the Ear, Physiology of Vision, Hearing
and Equilibrium Balance. Organs of Taste (tongue), Olfaction, Touch, Pressure, etc.,
Structure and Functions of Skin. Regulation of Body Temperature, Disorders.
4.
Urinary System: - Various parts of urinary system and their functions, Structure and
functions of Nephron, Physiology of Urine formation, Brief outline of renal diseases, Acidbase balance.
5.
Endocrine System:- Role of Endocrine Glands in Regulation and Integration of various
functions of the Body, Anatomy and Physiology of pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid,
adrenals, Pancreas, testes and ovary, their hormones and functions with brief outlines of
their disorders.
6.
Reproductive System:- Gross Anatomy and Histology of Male and female
reproductive Organs and their Functions, Physiology of Menstruation, Coitus and
Fertilization, Sex differentiation, Oogenesis and spermatogenesis, implantation of embryo,
pregnancy and its maintenance, parturition.
7.
Physiology of Ageing.
8.
Concept of health, concept of disease, Demography and family planning.
9.
Brief outline of common communicable diseases with special emphasis
on causative agent, mode of spread and prevention/treatment of the
following diseases:- Chicken Pox, Measles, Influenza, Diphtheria, Poliomyelitis,
Cholera, Typhoid fever, Paratyphoid fever, Food poisoning, Plague, Rabies, Teatanus.
10.
First aid treatment in shock, snakebite, burns, poisoning and resuscitation methods.
ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH EDUCATION-II
BPH 2.6 P (3Hours/Week) Practical
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
L0
T0
P3
Biochemical Analysis of Urine: Physical Characteristics, Normal Constituents, Abnormal
Constituents.
Study with the help of charts and models of the Anatomy of following systems:
Respiratory System, Urinary System, Male and Female Reproductive System, Eye and Ear,
Nervous System.
Histology of Various organs of above mentioned Systems, including Spinal Cord,
Cerebrum, Ovary, Testis, Kidney, Lung, and Tongue.
Determination of pulse rate, blood pressure, listening to heart sounds, Recording and
interpretation of EEG and ECG.
Determination of body temperature.
Determination of Lung Volumes and Vital Capacity.
Study of Reflexes, Vision and Hearing capacity.
Study of various surgical instruments
Physiological experiments on Nerve-Muscle preparation.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS (Latest Editions):1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Tortora G.J. and Anagnodokos N.P., Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, Harper and
Colling Publishers, New York.
Guyton A.C. and Hall J.E., Textbook of Medical Physiology, 10th edn, W.B. Saunders
Waugh A. and Grant A., Ross and Wilson’s Anatomy and Physiology in Health & Illness Churchill Livingstone
William J. Larsen, Anatomy – Development, function, Clinical Correlations, Saunders
(Elsevier Science)
Seeley R.R., Stephens T. D. and Tate P., Anatomy and Physiology (2000), McGraw Hill Co.
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy (2 Volumes), Edited by Putz and R. Pabst, Lippincott,
Williams and Wilkins.
Anne M.R. Agur & Ming J. Lee, Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy, Lippincott, Williams and
Wilkins.
Gosling T.A., Harris P.F., Whitmore I., William, Human Anatomy: Color Atlas and Text –
Mosby.
Bullock B.L. & Henze R.L., Focus on Pathophysiology, Lippincott.
Martini, F. Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, Prentice Hall.
11.
Goyal R.K. & Mehta A.A., Human Anatomy Physiology and Health Education, B.S. Shah
Prakashan.
12.
West, J.B., Best and Taylor’s Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, Williams and
Wilkins, Baltimore.
13.
Joshi Vijaya D., Preparatory Manual for Undergraduates Physiology, B.I. Churchill
Livingstone.
14.
Chatterjee C.C., Human Physiology, Medical Allied Agency, Calcutta.
15.
Goyal R.K. et al., Practical Anatomy Physiology and Biochemistry, B.S. Shah Prakashan,
Ahmedabad.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3rd Semester
PHARMACEUTICS-III (Pharm. Technology)
BPH 3.1 T (3 hours/week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
1.
Introduction and Basic laws of unit operations.
2.
Types of fluid flow, Viscosity, Concept of Boundary layer, Basic equations of fluid flow,
Valves, Flow meters, Manometers and measurement of flow and pressure.
3.
Material Handling System:a)
Liquid handling – Different types of pumps
b)
Gas handling- Various types of fans, blowers, compressors
c)
Solid handling- Bins, bunkers, conveyors, air transport
4.
Filtration and Centrifugation:- Theory of filtration, filter aids, filter media,
industrial filters including filter press, rotary filter, edge filter, etc. Factors affecting
filtration, Mathematical problems on filtration, optimum cleaning cycle in batch filters.
Principles of centrifugation, industrial centrifugal filters and centrifugal sedimenters.
5.
Crystallization:- Characteristics of crystals like purity, size and factors affecting them.
Solubility curves and calculation of yields. Supersaturation theory and its limitations,
Nucleation mechanisms, Crystal growth. Study of various types of crystallizers, tanks,
Caking of crystals and its prevention. Numerical problems on yield.
6.
Dehumidification and Humidity control and Refrigeration and air
conditioning :- Basic concepts and definitions, wet bulb and adiabatic saturation
temperatures, Psychometric charts and measurement of humidity, application of humidity
measurements in pharmacy, equipments for dehumidification operations.
7.
Material of Construction, Industrial hazards and Safety Precautions:General study of composition, corrosion, resistance. Properties and applications of the
material of construction with special reference to stainless steel and glass. Factor affecting
the choice. Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical, fire and dust hazards. Industrial dermatitis,
Accident records, etc.
PHARMACEUTICS-III (Pharm. Technology)
BPH 3.1 P (3 hours/week) Practical
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
L0
T0
P3
Measurements of flow of fluids and their pressure, determination of Reynold’s number and
calculations of Frictional losses.
Evaluation of filter media, determination of filtration and study of factors affecting
filtration.
Experiments to demonstrate applications of centrifugation.
Thermometers and Psychometric charts.
Determination of humidity- use of Dry bulb and Wet bulb.
Elementary knowledge of engineering Drawing- concept of orthographic and isometric
views of elevation and third angle projection. Notation and abbreviation used in engineering
drawing.
Basic engineering Drawing Practice- bolts, nuts, riveted fronts, screws, worm screws as per
specifications.
Drawing of simple pharmaceutical machinery parts.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:McCabe, W.L. and Smith, J.C. and Harriolt, P.Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering 5 th Ed.
McGraw Hill International Book Co., London.
PHARM CHEM-III (Chemistry of Natural Products)
BPH 3.2 T (3 hours/week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
1
Heterocyclic Chemistry:- Nomenclature, Aromatic Characteristics of Heterocyclic
Compounds, Structure, Preparation and Properties of some important heterocyclic systems
like Pyrrole, Furan, Thiophene, Pyridine, Pyrazole, Imidazole, Oxazole, Thiazole,
Quinoline and Isoquinoline
2
Carbohydrates: - Occurrence and Classification of Monosaccharides, Constitution and
Recations of Glucose, Osazone Formation, Mutarotation, Cyclic Structures, Epimerization,
Interconversion of Aldoses and Ketoses, Structure Determination of Disaccharides like
Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose, Polysacharides like Starch, Cellulose and Chitin.
3
Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins:- Classification, Source of Amino Acids,
Essential and Non-essential Amino Acids, Synthesis, Physical Properties, Zwitterionic
Structure, Isoelectric Point, Chemical Reactions and Configuration of Amino Acids,
Peptides and Polypeptides, Geometry of Polypeptide Linkage, Peptide Synthesis;
Classification and General Characteristics of Proteins, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and
Quaternary Structure of Proteins, Helical and Sheet Structures.
4
Nucleic Acids: - Introduction, Structure of Nucleic Acid Bases, Structures of
Nucleosides, Nucleotides, RNA and DNA.
5
Lipids and Fats: - Introduction, Structure of Lipids, Phospholipids, Glycolipids and
Lipoproteins.
Terpenoids & Terpenes: Sources, classification and structural elucidation and
pharmacological activity of menthol, camphor,
6
citral.
Alkaloids: Source, general classifications, chemistry and structural elucidation and
pharmacological activity of atropine,
quinine, reserpine, morphine, papavarine, ephedrine, ergot and vinca alkaloids.
Cardiac Glycosides Source, chemistry, biogenesis and pharmacological
activity of digitoxin, digoxin, diosgenins, strophanthidin
and sennosides
Antibiotics: Source, chemistry and therapeutic activity of natural penicillins,
streptomycins and tetracyclines.
Vitamins: Source, chemistry and uses of vitamins of plant origin.
7
8
9
10
PHARM CHEM-III (Chemistry of Natural Products)
BPH 3.2 P (3 hours/week) Practical
L0
T0
P3
1.
To prepare Acetophenone phenylhydrazine from phenylhydtrazine.
2.
To prepare phenylbenzoate from phenol.
3.
To prepare picric acid from phenol.
4.
To determine saponification value of given sample of oil.
5.
To prepare aniline from nitrobenzene.
6.
To prepare Schiff’s base from benzaldehyde and aniline.
7.
To ptrepare p-bromoacetanilide from aniline.
8.
To prepare p-acetylaminophenol from p-aminophenol.
9.
To prepare glucosazone, maltosazone, lactosazone and differentiate between them.
10.
Qualitative analysis of natural products like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, alkaloids,
glycosides.
11.
Analysis of fats and oils (acid value, iodine value, acetyl value, ester value, saponification
value.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Morrison, R.T. and Boyd, R.N., Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, Prentice Hall of India Private
Limited, New Delhi.
Additional Readings:Michael B. Smith and Jerry March, March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms,
and Structure, Wiley-Interscience; 6 edition (January 16, 2007).
PHARM ENGINEERING-I
BPH 3.3 T (3 hours/week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
1.
Heat Transfer: - Heat transfer, overall heat transfer coefficient, sources of heat, steam
and electricity as heating media, determination of requirement of amount of steam/ electrical
energy, steam pressure, heat exchangers.
2.
Drying: - Moisture content and mechanism of drying, rate of drying and time of drying
calculations. Classification and types of dryers, dryers used in pharmaceutical industries and
special drying methods.
3.
Size Reduction and Size Separation: - Definition, objectives of size reduction and
size separation, factors affecting size reduction, laws governing energy and power
requirements of mills including ball mill, hammer mill, fluid energy mill , sieve analysis,
standards of sieves, size separation equipment shaking and vibrating screens, gyratory
screens, cyclone separator, air separator, bag filters, cottrell precipitator, scrubbers, size
separators basing on sedimentation theory.
4.
Mixing and Homogenization: - Theory of mixing, mixing efficiency, solid-solid,
solid-liquid and liquid-liquid mixing equipments, homogenizers.
5.
Evaporation: - Basic concept of phase equilibria, factors affecting evaporation,
evaporators, film evaporator, single effect and multiple effect evaporator.
6.
Distillation: - Raoult’s law, phase diagrams, volatility, simple, steam and flash
distillations, principles of rectification, Mc cabe Thiel method for calculation of number of
theoretical plates, Azeotropic and extractive distillation.
7.
Filtration:- Theory of filtration, filter aids, filter media, industrial filters including filter
press, rotary filter, edge filter. Factors affecting filtration, optimum cleaning cycle on batch
filters.
PHARM ENGINEERING-I
BPH 3.3 P (3 hours/week) Practical
L0
T0
P3
(A minimum of 15 experiments shall be conducted)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Determination of rate of evaporation.
Determination of overall heat transfer coefficient.
Experiments based on steam, extractive and azeotropic distillations.
Experiments based on determination of radiation constant.
Experiments based on sieve analysis.
Determination of rate of drying, free moisture content and bound moisture content.
Experiments to illustrate the influence of various parameters on the rate of drying.
Experiments to illustrate solid – solid mixing, determination of mixing efficiency using
different types of mixers.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.
2.
3.
4.
Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy Edited by S.J.Carter (CBS Publishers, Delhi)
Pharmaceutical Engineering by K.Sanbamurty (New Age International, New Delhi)
Chemical Engineering by Badger and Banchero (Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi)
Pharmaceutical Dosage forms by Aulton.(Churchill Livingstone, Edinburg)
BIOCHEMISTRY
BPH 3.4 T (3 hours/week) Theory
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
L3
T0
P0
Biochemical organization of the cell and transport processes across cell membrane. Outlines
of biochemistry of cell division and metastasis.
The concept of free energy, determination of change in free energy from equilibrium
constant and reduction potential, bioenergetics, production of ATP and its biological
significance.
Enzymes:- Nomenclature, factors affecting enzyme action, enzyme kinetics and its
mechanism of action, mechanism of inhibition, enzymes and iso-enzymes in clinical
diagnosis.
Co-enzymes:- Vitamins as co-enzymes and their significance, metals as co-enzymes and
their significance.
Carbohydrate Metabolism: - Glycolysis and fermentation and their regulation,
Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Glycogenesis, and Pentose phosphate Pathway.
The Citric Acid Cycle: - Significance, reactions and energetic of the cycle, Amphibolic
role of the cycle and Anaplerosis.
Lipid Metabolism:- Oxidation of fatty acids; β-oxidation & energetics, α-oxidation, ωoxidation, Biosynthesis of ketone bodies and their utilization, Biosynthesis of saturated and
8.
unsaturated fatty acids, control of lipid metabolism, Essential fatty acids & Bio synthesis of
eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromoboxanes and leukotrienes), phospholipids and
sphingolipids.
Proteins and Nucleic acids: - Outlines of the mechanism of protein and nucleic acid
synthesis and catabolism. Principles of biological oxidation and detoxification mechanisms.
BIOCHEMISTRY
BPH 3.4 P (3 hours/week) Practical
L0
T0
P2
(A minimum of 15 experiments shall be conducted)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Preparation of standard buffers (citrate, phosphate and carbonate) and measurement of pH.
Colorimetric estimation of blood glucose.
Estimation of cholesterol, creatinine, urea and uric acid in biological fluids.
Qualitative test for normal and abnormal constituents of urine.
Estimation of reducing sugars in urine.
Estimation of bilirubin contents the blood.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of glycogen by alpha and beta amylases.
Effect of temperature on the activity of alpha amylases.
Estimation of Blood Cholesterol
Estimation of SGOT, SGPT by UV Spectrophotometer.
Estimation of serum alkaline phosphate and acid phosphatase levels.
Estimation of serum sodium, potassium and calcium levels.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Harper’s Biochemistry R.K.Murray and Others (Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi)
Biochemistry by Stryer.(W.H.Freeman, New York)
Text Book of Biochemistry by West & Todd (Oxford & IBH Pub., Co., New Delhi)
Fundamentals of Biochemistry by Dr.A.C.Deb (New Central Book Agency, Calcutta)
Text Book of Biochemistry by Dr.A.V.S.S.Rama Rao (UBS Publishers & Distributors, New
Delhi)
Text Book of Biochemistry by Dr. Satyanarayana
PHYSICAL PHARMACY
BPH 3.5 T (3 hours/week) Theory
1.
L3
T0
P0
State of matter, Change in state of mater, Latent heat and Vapor pressure, Sublimationcritical point, Eutectic mixtures, Gases, Aerosols- inhalers, Relative humidity, Liquid
complexes, Liquid crystals, Glassy state, Solid crystalline, Amorphous and Polymorphism.
2.
Particle size and Distribution, Average particle size, Number and Weight Distribution,
Particle number, Methods of determining Particle Volume, Optical microscopy, sieving,
Sedimentation, Measurement, Particle Shape, Specific Surface, Methods of determining
Surface Area, Permeability, Adsorption, Derived Properties of Powders, porosity, Packing
arrangement, Densities, Bulkiness & Flow Properties.
3.
Liquid interface, Surface and interfacial tensions, Surface free energy, Measurements of
Surface and interfacial tensions, Spreading Coefficient, Adsorption at liquid interfaces,
Surface active agents, HLB Classifications, Solubilization, Detergency, Adsorption at solid
interfaces, Solid- gas and Solid- liquid interfaces, Complex films, Electrical properties of
interface. Classification of complexes, Methods of preparation and analysis, Applications.
4.
Newtonian System, Law of flow, Kinematic viscosity, Effects of temperature, NonNewtonian system, Pseudoplastic, Dilatant, Plastic, Thixotropy, Thixotropy in formulation,
Determination of viscosity, Capillary, Falling ball, Rotational viscometers.
5.
Colloidal Dispersion: Definition, types, Properties of colloids, Applications of colloids in
pharmacy. Suspensions and Emulsions: Interfacial properties of suspended particles,
Settling in suspensions, Theory of sedimentation, Effect of Brownian movement,
Sedimentation of flocculated particles, Sedimentation parameters, Wetting of particles,
controlled flocculation, flocculation in structured vehicles, Rheological considerations.
Emulsion: types, theories, Physical stability.
6.
General considerations & Concept, Half- life determination, influence of temperature, light,
solvent, catalytic species and other factors, Accelerated stability study, Expiration dating.
Buffer equation and buffer capacity, buffers in pharmaceutical system, preparation, stability,
buffered isotonic solutions, measurement of tonicity, calculations and methods of adjusting
isotonicity.
PHYSICAL PHARMACY
BPH 3.5 P (3 hours/week) Practical
L0
T0
P3
(A minimum of 15 experiments shall be conducted)
7.
8.
Determination of particle size, size distribution and surface area using various methods of
Particle size analysis.
Determination of derived properties of powders like densities, porosities, compressibility,
angle of repose, etc.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Determination of surface/interfacial tension, spreading coefficient HLB value and critical
micellar concentration of surfactents.
Study of rheological properties of various types of system using different viscometers.
Preparations of various types of suspensions and determination of their sedimentation
parameters.
Preparation of stability studies of emulsions.
Study of different types of complexes and determination of their stability constant.
Accelerated stability testing, shelf- life determination and expiration dating of
pharmaceuticals.
Preparation of pharmaceutical buffers and determination of buffer capacity.
Experiments involving tonicity adjustments.
Textbook:
Martin, A., Cammarata, A. and Swarbrick, J. Physical Pharmacy. K.M. Varghese & Co.,
Mumbai.
ADVANCED MATHEMATICS
BPH 3.6 T (3 hours/week) Theory
1.
L3
T0
P0
Integration: - Integration as inverse process of differentiation, Definite integrals (simple
cases). Integration by (i) Decomposition (ii) by substitution (iii) by parts. Integration of
Logarithmic, Trigonometric, Algebraic and exponential functions.
2.
Differential Equations:- Introduction to differential equations, Formation of different
equations, Solution of differential equations of first order and first degree by the methods of
variable separable, Homogeneous, reducible to homogeneous and linear equations ,
Reducible to linear equations , Exact differential equations. Differential equations of order
greater than one with constant coefficients, Pharmaceutical applications.
3.
Laplace transforms:- Theorem, properties and uses (problems)
a)
Statistics-I:- Introduction to statistics, Data collection random and noon -random
sampling methods, Sample size, Diagrammatic representation of data, bar, pie, 2-D
and 3-D diagrams, Measures of central tendency , Measures of dispersion , Standard
deviation , Measures of skew-ness , Measures of kurtosis Correlation and regression
analysis , Methods of least squares, Probability and events, Probability theorems,
Baye’s Theorem on probability.
b)
Statistics-II:- Probability Distributions – Binomial , Poisson and normal
distributions (normal curve and properties) , Tests of hypothesis( statistical inference )
Standard error, Fudicial (confidence) limits Tests of significance for small samplesStudents t-distribution and t-tests, Paired t-test, chi-square tests and F-test
(Pharmaceutical applications ).
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.
2.
3.
4.
Integral Calculus by Shanti Narayan.
Statistical Methods by S.P.Gupta. (S.Chand, New Delhi)
Higher Engineering Mathematics by B.S. Grewal. (Khanna Publishers, Delhi)
Mathematical Methods by Potter & Gold Berg.(Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4th Semester
PHARMACEUTICS-IV (Hospital Pharmacy)
BPH 4.1 T (3 hours/week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
1.
Organization & Structure:- Organization of a hospital and hospital Pharmacy,
Responsibilities of hospital pharmacist, Pharmacy and therapeutic committee, Budget
preparation and Implementation
2.
Hospital Formulary:- Contents, preparation and revision of hospital formulary
3.
Drug Store Management and Inventory Control: -
4.
(a) Organization of drug store, Types of materials stocked,
Storage conditions.
(b) Purchase and Inventory Control-principles, purchase procedures, Purchase order,
Procurement and stocking
Drug distribution System in Hospitals:
(a) Outpatient dispensing, methods adopted.
(b) Dispensing of drugs to in-patients. Types of drug distribution
policy labelling.
(c) Dispensing of drugs to ambulatory patients.
(d) Dispensing of controlled drugs
systems.Charging
5.
Central Sterile Supply Unit and their Management: - Types of materials for
sterilization, Packing of materials prior to sterilization, sterilization equipments, Supply of
sterile materials.
6.
Manufacture of Sterile and Non-sterile Products:- Policy making of
manufacturable items, demand and costing, personnel requirements, manufacturing
practice, Master formula Card, production control, Manufacturing records.
7.
Drug Information Services:- Sources of Information on drugs, disease, treatment
schedules, procurement of information, computerized services (e.g., MEDLINE),
Retrieval of information, Medication error.
8.
Records and Reports:- Prescription filling, drug profile, patient medication profile,
cases on drug interaction and adverse reactions, idiosyncratic cases etc.
PHARMACEUTICS-IV (Hospital Pharmacy)
BPH 4.1 P (3 hours/week) Practical
1.
2.
3.
4.
L0
T0
P2
Experiments based on Sterilization of various types of materials used in Hospitals.
Practical designed on the use of computers in Drug Information Centre, prescription filling,
documentation of information on drug interaction.
Preparation and quality control of i.v. fluids and i.v. admixtures Experiments to illustrate
handling of radio pharmaceutical products, measurement of radioactivity.
Case studies of prescriptions regarding drug interactions, drug dosage corrections,
Suggesting antidotes for poisoning cases, managing ADR, etc.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Nand, P., Khar, R. K. A textbook of Hospital and clinical Pharmacy, Birla Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Delhi, 6th ed. 2007.
Additional Readings:Carter, S.J. Cooper and Gunn’s Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students CBS Publishers, Delhi.
PHARMACOGNOSY-II
BPH 4.2 T (3Hours/Week) Theory
1.
L3
T0
P0
Study of the biological sources, commercial varieties, chemical constituents, substitutes,
adulterants, uses, diagnostic macroscopic and microscopic features and specific
chemical tests of following groups of drugs containing glycosides:
 Saponins: Liquorice, Ginseng, Dioscorea
 Cardioactive steroids: Digitalis, Squill
 Anthraquinones: Aloe, Senna, Rhubarb
2.
Systematic study of source, cultivation, collection, processing, commercial varieties,
chemical constituents, substitutes, adulterants, uses, diagnostic macroscopic and
microscopic features and specific chemical tests and pharmacological applications of
following alkaloid containing drugs:





Pyridine - piperidine: Tobacco.
Tropane: Belladonna, Hyoscyamus and Datura
Quinoline and isoquinoline : Cinchona and Opium.
Indole: Ergot, Rauwolfia, Catharanthus, Nux-vomica
Imidazole: Pilocarpus




Steroidal: Kurchi
Alkaloidal amine: Ephedra
Glycoalkaloid: Solanum.
Purines: Coffee
3.
Volatile Oils:- General methods of obtaining volatile oils from plants. Study of
volatile oils of Mentha, Cinnamon, Lemon grass, Citronella, Spearmint, Clove, Fennel,
Nutmeg, Eucalyptus, Cardamom, Valerian, Musk, Palmarosa, Gaultheria and Sandal
wood with reference to their production and use in Pharmaceutical industry.
4.
Biological sources, preparation, identification tests and uses of the following enzymes:
Diastase, papain, pepsin, trypsin, pancreatin.
PHARMACOGNOSY-II
BPH 4.2 P (3Hours/Week) Practical
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
L0
T0
P3
Identification of crude drugs mentioned in the theory by morphological and microscopical
analysis. At least two drugs from each class.
Separation of volatile oil by steam distillation method.
Phytochemical screening of different class of compounds mentioned in theory.
Isolation of phytoconstituents from the drugs mentioned in theory.
Isolation and identification of enzymes from different sources.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1
2
3
4
5
6
Kokate.C.K. Purohit.A.P. Gokhale.S.B., Pharmacognosy, Nirali Prakashan, Pune.
Kokate C.K. Practical Pharmacognosy, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi.
Zafar.R., Medicinal Plants of India, CBS Publisher, New Delhi.
Jean Bruneton, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry of medicinal plants, Lavoisier
Publishers.
Corrado Tringali,. Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources: Isolation, Characterization
and Biological Properties, CRC Press.
J. E. Robbers and M. K. Speedie, V. E. Tyler, Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology,
Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
PHARM ENGINEERING–II
BPH 4.3 T (3 hours/week) Theory
1.
L3
T0
P0
Fluid Flow:- Type of flow, Reynold’s number, Viscosiy, concept of boundary layer,
basic equations of fluid flow, valves, flow meters, manometers and measurement of flow
and pressure.
2.
Dehumidification and Humidity Control: - Basic concepts and definition, wet
bulb and adiabatic saturation temperature, psychometric chart and measurement of
humidity, application of humidity, measurement in pharmacy, equipments of
dehumidification operations.
3.
Material Handling Systems:Liquid handling – different types of pumps.
Gas handling – various types of fans, blowers and compressors.
Solid handling – Conveyers
4.
Centrifugations:- Principles of centrifugation, industrial centrifugal filters and
centrifugal sedimenters.
5.
Crystallization:- Characteristics of crystals like – purity, size shape, geometry, habit,
forms size and factors affecting them. Solubility curves and calculation of yields, material
and heat balances around Swenson Walker Crystalizer. Supersaturation theory and its
limitations, nucleation mechanisms, crystal growth, study of various types of crystallizer,
tanks, agitated batch, Swenson Walker, single vacuum, circulating magma and Krystal
crystallizer, caking of crystals and its prevention, numerical problems on yields.
6.
Materials of Construction:- General study of composition, corrosion, resistance,
properties and applications of materials of construction with special reference to stainless
steel and glass.
7.
Industrial Hazards and safety Precautions: - Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical,
fire and dust hazards, industrial dermatitis, and accident records etc.
PHARM ENGINEERING–II
BPH 4.3 P (3hours/week) Practical
L0
T0
P3
(A minimum of 15 experiments shall be conducted)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Measurement of flow of fluids and their pressure, determination of Reynolds number.
Determination of humidity – use of Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb temperatures and Psychometric
charts.
Experiments to demonstrate applications of centrifugation.
Experiments based on crystallization.
Other experiments based on theory.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:-
1.
2.
3.
Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy Edited by S J Carter (CBS Publishers, Delhi)
Pharmaceutical Engineering by K.Sambamurty (New Age International, New Delhi)
Chemical Engineering by Badger and Banchero (MGH, New Delhi)
PHARM CHEM-IV (Physical Chemistry)
BPH 4.4 T (3hours/week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
1
States Of Matter:- Gaseous State: Kinetic Theory of Gases, Van der Waal’s
Equation, Ideal and Real Gases, Deviation From Ideal Behaviour, Explanation of
Deviation, distribution of molecular speeds critical phenomenon (critical tempature and
pressure, triple point).
2
Liquid State:- Additive and Constitutive Properties, Molar Volume, Molar Refraction,
Parachor, Hydrophobicity and their Importance IN Structure Elucidation, surface tension,
viscosity, refractive index and polarity.
Solutions:- Ideal and Real Solutions, Solutions of Gases in Liquids, Colligative
Properties, Partition Coefficient and its Biological Importance, Conductance and its
Measurement, Debye Huckel Theory.
3
4
5
6
7
Solid State:- Amorphous and Crystalline Solids, Geometry and Symmetry of Crystals,
Miller Indices, Types of Crystals, Physical Properties of Crystals, Crystal Diffraction.
Quantum mechanics:- Postulates of Quantum Mechanics, Operators in Quantum
Mechanics, Schrodinger Wave Equation.
Thermodynamics:- First, Second and Third Law of Thermodynamics, Zeroth Law,
Absolute Temperature Scale, Thermo-chemical Equations, Phase Equilibria and Phase
Rule.
Adsorption:- Physical and Chemical Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Freundlich
and Langmuir Adsorption Isotherms, Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm, BET Equation and its
Use in Surface Area Determination
8
Photochemistry:- Consequences of Light Absorption, Jablenski diagram, BeerLambert Law, Quantum Efficiency.
9
Chemical Kinetics:- Zero, First and Second Order Reactions, Complex Reactions,
Theories of Reaction Kinetics, Characteristics of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous
Catalysis, Acid Base and Enzyme Catalysis, Michaelis menton equation.
PHARM CHEM-IV (Physical Chemistry)
BPH 4.4 P (3hours/week) Practical
L0
T0
P3
1.
To determine molar mass by Rast method and cryoscopic method.
2.
To determine refractive index of given liquids and find out the contribution of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen in molar refraction of a compound.
3.
To determine molar mass of volatile liquids by Victor-Meyer method.
4.
To determine the specific rotation of sucrose at various concentrations and determine the
intrinsic rotation.
5.
To determine the heat of solution, heat of hydration and heat of neutralization.
6.
To determine the cell constant, verify Ostwald dilution law and perform conductometric
titration.
7.
To determine rate constant of simple reaction.
8.
To determine the surface tension of given liquid using staglomometer.
9.
To determine the viscosity of given liquid Ostwald viscometer.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Puri, B.R., Sharma, L.R. and Pathania, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Shobhan Lal Nagin Chand
& Co.
Additional Readings:Anand, S. C. and Negi, A. S. Atextbook of physical chemistry. New age publishing house.
PHARM ANALYSIS-II
BPH 4.5 T (3hours/week) Theory
1
2
L3
T0
P0
Non- aqueous Titrations:- Theoretical considerations, scope and limitations, AcidBase equilibria in non- aqueous media, Titration of weak bases, Titration of weak acids,
Indicators, Pharmaceutical products should be selected for illustrating applications in drug
analysis and quality control.
Complexometric Titrations:- Concept of complexation and Chelation, Werner’s
coordination number, Electronic structure of some complex ions, stability constants,
titration curves, masking and demasking agents, types of complexometric titrations, metalion indicators, and applications in drug analysis.
3
Miscellaneous methods of analysis:- Basic principles, instruments and
applications of Diazotisation titrations, Kjeldahl method of nitrogen estimation,
Determination of water by Karl- Fisher titration, Oxygen flask combustion, Gasometry
4
Chromatography:- Fundamentals of following techniques will be discussed with
relevant examples of pharmaceutical and/ or natural products- TLC, HPTLC, HPLC, GLC,
Paper chromatography and column chromatography.
Extraction Procedures:- Liquid- solid extraction, Liquid- liquid Extraction,
Separation of mixtures by extraction, distribution law, Successive extraction separation of
drugs from excipients.
Electrochemistry:- The electric cell, electrode potential, half- cells, sign convention,
Nernest equation, salt bridge, activity series, standard potential, standard hydrogen
electrode, reference electrode, indicator electrode, measuring the relative voltage of halfcell and calculations of std. potential.
Potentiometry:- Theoratical consideration, ions- selective electrode, measurement of
potential location of the end point, instrumentation, analytical applications. pH meter,
definition of pH, relationship between pH and potential, equipment and applications.
Conductometry:- Ohm’s law, Specific resistance, specific conductance, conductivity
cell, ionic conductivity during titration, change in volume during conductometric titration,
methods and instrumentation
Columetric titration:- Principle and applications, controlled potential columetry, cell
design, instrumentation, methods, electrode selection and advantages and limitations.
Polarography:- Theory, mass transport process, current potential relationship,
polarization, choice of electrode, effect of oxygen, instrumentation and calculations of
concentrations.
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Amperometric titrations and its applications.
PHARM ANALYSIS-II
BPH 4.5 P (3hours/week)Practical
L0
T0
P3
1.
Preparation and standardization of perchloric acid and sodium/ potasium/ lithium
methoxides solutions. Estimation of some pharmacopoeial products.
2.
Preparation and standardization of EDTA solution, some exercise related to pharmacopoeial
assays by complexometric titrations.
3.
Miscellaneous Determinations: Exercise involving diazotisation, Kjeldahl method of
nitrogen estimation, Oxygen flask combustion and Gasometry methods.
4.
Determination of alcohol content in liquid galenicals as per BPC.
5.
Experiments involving separation of drugs from excipients.
6.
Chromatographic analysis of some pharmacectical products.
7.
Exercise based on acid base titration in aqueous and non aqueous media, oxidationreduction titration using potentiometric techniques, determination of acid- base dissociation
constants and plotting of titration curves using pH meter
8.
Exercise involving polarimetry.
9.
Exercise involving conductometric and polarographic techniques.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Connors, K.A. A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis. John Willey and Sons, N.Y.
Additional Readings:Willard, H.H. Instrumental methods of analysis, 7th ed, Wodsworth Publication, USA.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
BPH 4.6 T (3 hours/week) Theory
1.
L3
T0
P0
Basic Principles of Cell Injury and Adaptation: Causes of Cellular injury, pathogenesis, morphology of cell injury, intercellular alterations
in lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, Cellular adaptations, atrophy, hypertrophy,
hyperplasia, metastasis & dysplasia.
2.
Basic Mechanisms involved in the process of inflammation and repair: Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of WBCs, acute and chronic
inflammation, mediators of inflammation, brief outline of the process of repair.
3.
Pathophysiology of Common Diseases: Rheumatoid arthritis, gout, epilepsy, psychosis, depression, mania
 Hypertension, angina, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction,
diabetes, asthma, peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, hepatic disorders like jaundice, viral
hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis & portal hypertension, acute and chronic
renal failure
 Tuberculosis, urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases, enemies and
common types of neoplasms like carcinoma of lung, skin cervix, colon & brief outline
on different types of leukemias. Wherever applicable the molecular basis
should be
discussed.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Robbins S.L., Pathologic Basis of Diseases, Harcourt India, New Delhi.
Cotran R.S., Kumar V., Collins T., Robbins Pathological Basis of Disease; W.B. Saunders
Co.
Dipiro J.T., Talbert R.L., Yee G.C., Matzke G.R., Wells, L., Michael P (eds.),
Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach; 6th ed., The McGraw Hill Companies,
Inc., 2005.
Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Editors J.G. Hardman
et al. Mc Graw Hill, Pergamon Press.
Herfindal E.T. and Gourley D.R, Text Book of Therapeutics: Drug and Disease
Management, 7th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, 2000.
Speight T.M. and Holford NHG (ed.), Avery’s Drug Treatment: Principles and Practice of
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 4th ed., ADIS Press, Australia, 1997.
Dennis L. Kasper, Eugene Braunwald, et al. (Eds.), Harrison's Principles of Internal
Medicine, 16th ed., The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc., 2004.
Harsh Mohan’s Text Book of Pathology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi.
Bullock B.L. & Henze R.L., Focus on Pathophysiology, Lippincott.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5th Semester
MICROBIOLOGY
BPH 5.1 T (3 hours/ week) Theory
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
L3
T0
P0
Introduction to the scope of microbiology.
Classification of microbes and their taxonomy. Morphological study of Bacteria,
Actinomycetes, Fungi, rickettsiae, spirochetes and viruses.
Identification of Microbes : Stains and types of staining techniques,
electron microscopy.
Nutrition, cultivation and isolation bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and viruses. Preservation
microbial cultures.
Microbial genetics – Mutations, Isolation of mutants, factors influencing rate of mutation,
mutagens. Transformation, conjugation, transduction and protoplast fusion.
Control of microbes by physical and chemical methods.
a)
Disinfection, factors influencing disinfectants and antiseptics and their eva- luation.
b)
Sterilization, different methods, validation of sterilization methods & equip- ment.
7.
Test for sterility–Sampling media and general procedure. Control tests and inactivation of
inhibitory substances.
8.
Microbiological assay of antibiotics – penicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline, Vitamins –
vitamin B12 and amino acids–lysine.
MICROBIOLOGY
BPH 5.1 P (3 hours/week)Practical
L0
T0
P3
Experiments devised to prepare various types of culture media, sub-culturing of common aerobic
bacteria, fungi and yeast. Various staining methods, various methods of isolation of microbes,
sterilization techniques and validation of sterilizing techniques, evaluation of antiseptics and
disinfectants, Testing the sterility of pharmaceutical products as per I.P. requirements and
Microbiological assay of antibiotics.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Preparation of Nutrient broth & Nutrient Agar medium
Preparation of Potato dextrose Agar medium
Subculture of aerobic bacteria, fungi and yeast by asceptic technique
Gram’s staining Technique
Isolation of microbes by streak plate, spread plate methods.
Moist heat dry heat saterilization
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Phenol coefficient method.
Test for sterility of Dextrose injection I.P.
Microbiological assay of antibiotics.
Demonstrating the use of membrane filtration technique.
Motility of bacteria using hang drop method.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Microbiology of Pelczar and Kreig.
Text Book of Microbiology by Anantanarayana and Panicker.
Dispensing for pharmaceutical students by Cooper and Gunn.
Bently’s Text Book of Pharmaceutics
Tutorial Pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn
Indian Pharmacopoeia
Shah and Shah (Pharmaceutical Microbiology)
PHARM CHEM-V (Medicinal Chemistry)
BPH 5.2 T (3 hours/week) Theory
1
2
3
T0
P0
Basic Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Physico-chemical aspects (Optical, geometric
and bioisosterism) of drug molecules and biological action, Drug-receptor interaction
including transduction mechanisms.
Quantitative Structure – Activity Relationships (QSAR), Brief account of various
descriptors, (Lipophilic, Electronics, Steric, Topological) Hansch and Free-Wilson
approaches, Fundamentals of computer-aided Drug Design (CADD) and Molecular
modeling.
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship
including physicochemical properties of the following classes of drugs:
A.
Drugs acting at Synaptic and neuro-effector junction sites:i. Cholinergics and Anticholinesterases
ii. Adrenergic drugs
iii. Antispasmodic and anti ulcer drugs
iv. Neuromuscular blocking agents.
4
L3
B.
Autocoids:i. Antihistamines
ii. Eicosanoids
iii. Non-opoid analgesics, anti-inflammatory (non-steroidal)
5
C.
agents.
Drugs affecting uterine motility:-
Oxytocics (including oxytocin, ergot alkaloids and prostaglandins) Biochemical
approaches in drug designing wherever applicable should be discussed.
PHARM CHEM-V (Medicinal Chemistry)
BPH 5.2 P (3 hours/week) Practical
L0
1.
To prepare acetyl salicylic acid from salicylic acid.
2.
To prepare benzimidazole from o-phenylenediamine.
3.
To prepare benztriazole from o-phenylenediamine.
4.
To prepare caprolactum from cyclohexanone.
5.
To prepare benzoic acid from benzyl chloride.
6.
Preparation of o-chlorobenzoic acid.
7.
Preparation of thiobarbituric acid from ethyl malonate and thiourea.
8.
Prepare 6-hydroxynicotinic acid from coumaric acid.
9.
Preparation of homophthalic acid from phthalic anhydride.
10.
Preparation of phenyl acetylene.
T0
P3
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Foye, W.C. Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Lea & Febiger, Phila.
Additional Readings:Wilson & Giswold Text book of Organic Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry. J. Lippincott Co.,
Philadelphia.
PHARMACEUTICS-V (Dosage form Design)
BPH 5.3 T (3 hours/week) Theory
1.
L3
T0
P0
Liquid Dosages Forms:- Introduction, types of additives used in formulations,
Vehicles, stabilizers, preservatives, suspending agents, emulsifying agents, Solubilizers,
colors, flavours and others, manufacturing packaging and evaluation of clear liquids,
suspensions and emulsions official in pharmacopoeia.
2.
Semisolid Dosage Forms:- Definitions, types, mechanisms of drug penetration,
factors influencing penetration, semisolid bases and their selection. General formulation
of semisolids, clear gels manufacturing procedure, evaluation and packaging.
3.
Suppositories:- Ideal requirements, bases, manufacturing procedure, packaging and
evaluation.
4.
Extraction and Galenical Products:- Principle and method of extraction.
Preparation of infusion, tinctures, dry and soft liquid extracts.
5.
Blood Products and Plasma Substitutes :- Collection, processing and storage of
whole human blood, concentrated human RBCs, dried human plasma, human
fibrinogen,human thrombin, human normal immunoglobulin, human fibrin foam, plasma
substitutes, ideal requirements, PVP, dextran etc. for control of blood pressure as per I.P.
6.
Pharmaceutical Aerosols:- Definition, propellants, general
manufacturing and packaging methods, pharmaceutical applications.
7.
Ophthalmic Preparations:- Requirements, formulation, methods of preparation,
Containers, evaluation.
8.
Cosmetic logy and Cosmetic Preparations: - Fundamentals of cosmetic
science, structure and functions of skin and hair. Formulation, preparation and packaging
of cosmetics for skin , hair, dentifrice and manicure preparations like nail polish,
Lipsticks, eye lashes, baby care products etc.
formulation,
PHARMACEUTICS-V (Dosage form Design)
BPH 5.3 P (3 hours/week) Practical
L0
T0
P3
1.
Preparation, evaluation and packaging of liquid orals like solutions, suspensions and
emulsions, Ointments, suppositories, aerosols, eye drops, eye ointments etc.
2.
Preparation of pharmacopoeial extracts and galenical products utilizing various methods of
extraction.
3.
Collection, processing, storage and fractionation of blood.
4.
Formulation of various types of cosmetics for skin, hair, dentifrices and manicure
preparations.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Lachman, L., Lieberman, H.A., and Kanig, J.L. The Theory & Practice of Industrial Pharmacy.
Additional Readings:Carter, S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students, CBS Publishers, Delhi.
PHARM ANALYSIS-III
BPH 5.4 T (3 hours/week) Theory
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
L3
T0
P0
Chromatography:- Principal’s, terminology stationery phase, mobile phase,
classification of chromatography methods, migration rate of species (partition coefficient,
retention time, adjusted retention time), Rate of solute migration (capacity factor, selectivity
factor), Column efficiency and band broadening (shape of peak Gausssian, plate height,
number of theoretical plates, van Deemeter equation), Optimisation of column performance
(Column resolution, capacity factor, selective factor, tailing factor, peak width), Qualitative
analysis, Quantitative analysis (Peak height, peak areas, calibration and internal standard,
external standard, area normalization).
Gas chromatography (GSC &GLC):Introduction, Principal, Instrumentation
carrier,columns, injection system, detectors (advantage, disadvantage, applications of
Thermal conductivity, electron capture, thermionic, flame ionization, nitrogen phosphorus,
photoionisation), head space analysis, applications.
HPLC:- Introduction, Principal, Instrumentation mobile phase reservoir, pumps
(reciprocating, displacement, pneumatic, isocratic elution, gradient elution), solvent
treatment system, Injection systems (Rheodyne injector in detail, direct sample introduction,
sampling loops), columns and fittings (for reverse and normal phase, analytical and guard
columns. Thermostats, column packing), detectors advantages, disadvantages, (UVsingle
wavelength, variable wavelength, phtotodiode array),fluorescence, refractive index,
electrochemical.
Ion exchange chromatography:- Principal, ion exchange resins, mobile phases,
applications.
Ion pair chromatography:- Principal, applications
Size exclusion chromatography:- Principal for gel permeation and gel filtration
method, support media, mobile phases, applications
Paper chromatography:- Introduction, choice of filter papers, solvents,
chromatographic chambers, development techniques (descending, ascending, radial multiple
chromatography, two dimensional chromatography), qualitative analysis location of spots,
Quantitative analysis (direct and elution method), factors affecting retention factor,
applications.
Thin layer chromatography:- Introduction, Principal, different absorbents different
methods for preparation of plates, solvents, development techniques cascending, descending,
horizontal, multiple development two dimensional development, preparative TLC,
Qualitative evaluation visualization of spots, Quantitative evaluation (Area, weight,
densitometry elution factors affecting RF, applications)
High performance thin layer chromatography:- Introduction, Principal,
preparation of plates, development techniques Qualitative evaluation, Quantitative evaluation
Instrumentation (adsorbents, solvents, sample application, scanning and documentation),
applications.
Validation of analytical methods as per U.S.P.
9.
Thermal methods of analysis
Theory, introduction, instrumentation, factors affecting analysis, pharmaceutical applications
of: Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential, thermal analysis (DTA), Differential Scanning
Calorimetry (DSC).
PHARM ANALYSIS-III
BPH 5.4 P (3 hours/week) Practical
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
L0
T0
P3
Separation of a mixture of Amino acid by thin layer Chromatography Technique.
Separation of Amino acid by circular paper and paper Chromatography Technique.
Separation of Alkaloids by ascending and descending paper Chromatography Technique.
Preparation of column for column Chromatographic separation
Determination of Paracetamol using HPTLC.
Determination of Paracetamol using HPLC.
Demonstration of HPTLC and interpretation of HPTLC chromatogram.
Demonstration of GC-MS and interpretation of spectrum.
Any other experiment related to chromatography technique.
Recommended Books:
1. Skoogh Principals of Instrumental Analysis, 4 th edition, Saunders College Publishing,
1992, USA.
Additional Readings
1. Browning Chromatography, 1969, Mc Graw Hill, London.
2. Willard H. H., L. L. Merrit & John A. Dean Instrumental Method of Analysis 6 th edition,
1986, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
3. Beckett & StenlakePractical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 4 th edition, 1988, CBS
Publishers & Distributors, India.
4. I.P., U.S.P., B.P. European Pharmacopeia.
PHARMACOGNOSY-III
BPH 5.5 T (3Hours/Week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
World-wide trade in medicinal plants and derived products with special reference to diosgenin
(diascorea), taxol ( Taxus sps) digitalis, tropane alkaloid containing plants, papain, Cinchona,
Ipeacac, Liquorice, Ginseng, Aloe, Valerian, Rauwolfia and plants containing laxatives.
1
2
A brief account of plant based industries and institutions involved in work on medicinal and
aromatic plants in India. Utilization and production of phytoconstituents such as quinine,
calcium sennosides, podophyllotoxin, diosgenin, olasodine, and tropane alkaoids.
Utilization of aromatic plants and derived products with special reference to sandalwood oil,
mentha oil, lemon grass oil, vetiver oil, geranium oil and eucalyptus oil.
Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, nutritional requirements,
growth and their maintenance. Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy.
Chemotaxonomy of medicinal plants.
Marine pharmacognosy, novel medicinal agents from marine sources.
Natural allergens and photosensitizing agents and fungal toxins.
Herbs and health foods and nutraceuticals and introduction to registration aspects of herbal
products for marketing. Agencies controlling regulatory aspects for herbal products at
national and international level (WHO, EMEA etc).
Regulatory requirements for botanicals based formulations in India and worldwide.
3
4
5
6
7
8
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.
Atal, C.K. and Kapur, B.M. Cultivation & Utilization of Medicinal Plants, RRL Jammu.
2.
Kalia, A.N. Textbook of Industrial Pharmacognosy, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New
Delhi.
3.
Ansari, S.H. Essentials of Pharmacognosy. Third Edition 2009, Birla Publication Pvt. Ltd.,
Delhi.
4.
Remington. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Vol. I & II, Mack Publishing Company,
Pennsylvania.
5.
Wagner, H. and Bladt, S. Plant Drug Analysis- A Thin Layer Chromatography Atlas,
Second Edition, Springer India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6th Semester
PHARM BIOTECHNOLOGY
BPH 6.1 T (3 hours/week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
1.
Immunology and Immunological Preparations: - Principles of immunology,
antigens, antibodies and haptens, Immune system- cellular and humoral immunity,
immunological tolerance, antigen-antibody reactions and their applications,
Hypersensitivity, Active and passive immunization, Preparation, standardization and storage
of immunological products.
2.
Genetic Code and Protein synthesis:- Genetic code, components of protein
synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis. Brief account of protein engineering and
polymerase chain reactions. Regulation of gene expression.
3.
Genetic Recombination:- Gene cloning and its applications. Development of
hybridoma for monoclonal antibodies. Study of drugs produced by biotechnology such as
Activase, Humulin, Humatrope etc.
4.
Microbial Transformation:- Introduction, types of reactions mediated by microorganisms, design of biotransformation process, selection of organisms, biotransformation
process and its improvements with special reference to steroids.
5.
Antibiotic:- Historical development of antibiotics. Antimicrobial spectrum and methods
used for their standardization. Fermenter, its design, control of different parameters. Design
of fermentation process, Isolation of fermentation products with special reference to
penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and vitamin B12.
6.
Enzyme immobilization:- Techniques of immobilization of enzymes, factors affecting
enzyme kinetics, study of enzymes such as hyaluronidase, pencillinase, streptokinase and
streptodornase, amylases and proteases etc. Immobilization of bacteria and plant cells.
4.
Blood Products and Plasma Substitutes: - Collection, processing and storage of
whole human blood, concentrated human RHCs, dried human plasma, human fibrinogen,
human thrombin, human normalimmunoglobulin, human fibrin, foam plasma substitutes,
ideal requirements, PVP, dextran etc. for control of blood pressure as per I.P.
PHARM BIOTECHNOLOGY
BPH 6.1 P (3 hours/week) Practical
1.
2.
3.
4.
a.
b.
5.
6.
7.
8.
L0
T0
P3
Microbiological assay of antibiotics
Preparation of vaccines
Standardization of vaccines
Preparation of mutant
Gradient plate method
Velvet replicate method
Design of fermentor
Study of shake flask technique
Production of alcohol using Bakers yeast
Extraction of citric acid from fermented mass
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Industrial Microbiology by Casida.
Industrial Microbiology by A.H. Patel.
Industrial microbiology by Prescott and Dunn.
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology by Vyas and Dixit.
Molecularbiology and Genetic Engineering by A.M.Narayanan, A.M.Selvaraj, A.Mani
Text Book of Microbiology by Anantanarayana and Panicker.
Concepts in Biotechnology by Balasubramanium.
Molecular Biotechnology by Glick.
Molecular Biotechnology by Gingold.
PHARMACOLOGY-I
BPH 6.2 T (3 hours/week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
Introduction and scope of pharmacology:a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Sources of drugs and nomenclature of drugs
Dosage forms and routes of administration.
Factors modifying drug action, tolerance and dependence
Pharmacokinetics: Drug absorption and bio-availability of a drug; drug distribution, biological
half life and its significance, drug metabolism, drug excretion, methods prolonging the duration
of action of a drug.
Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of drug action, site of drug action, drug receptors, dose
response relationship, combined effects of drugs, structure activity relationship
f.
g.
h.
Adverse drug Reactions
Drug interactions
Development of new drugs: Animal Toxicity study (acute, sub-acute and chronic), clinical
trials (various Phases)
Pharmacology of Autonomic Nervous System :a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Cholinergic receptors, cholinergic drugs (parasympathomimetics, cholinomimetics, anticholinesterases).
Anticholinergic drugs.
Adrenoceptors, sympathomimetics, adrenoceptors blockers.
Drugs action on autonomic ganglia (ganglionic stimulants, ganglion blocking agents).
Neuromuscular blocking agents and centrally acting muscle relaxants.
Local Anaesthetic agents
Drugs acting on Nervous system :a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
Neuronal transmitters in CNS
General Anesthetics
Ethyl and Methyl Alcohols
Sedatives and Hypnotics, Anxiolytic Agents and Centrally acting Muscle Relaxants
Antipsychotics and Drugs used in Affective Disorders
Antiepileptic Drugs
Antiparkinsonian Drugs
Analgesics, Antipyretics and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Opioids Analgesics and Antagonists
CNS Stimulants and Psychotomimetic Agents
Drug Dependence and Drug abuse
PHARMACOLOGY-I
BPH 6.2 P (3 hours/week) Practical
L0
T0
P3
Introduction to Experimental Pharmacology: 


Preparation of different solutions for experiments: Drug dilutions, use of molar and w/v
solutions in experimental pharmacology.
Common Laboratory animals and their maintenance: Legal regulations for the use of
experimental animals; Handling of laboratory animals; Techniques of drug administrations in
animals (intravenous injection, intra gastric administration); collection of blood samples;
Euthanasia of laboratory animals; and influence of routes of administration of drugs on drug
response; Anesthetics used in animal studies.
Study of commonly used instruments in experimental pharmacology
Experiments on intact preparations:-

To study the effect of hepatic microsomal enzyme inhibitors and induction on the
pentobarbitone/ hexobarbitone/ thiopental sodium sleeping time in mice.
Experiments on Central Nervous System: 
Behavioral pharmacology demonstrations using various instruments preferably by simulations
on computers (A small number of mice (3) to be used for each the following experiments and
the animals should not be sacrificed).

Recording of spontaneous motor activity, stereotypy, analgesia, anticonvulsant activity and
muscle relaxant activity of drugs using simple experiments.
Effects of autonomic drugs on rabbit’s eye.
Study of local anesthetic effect of drugs using suitable animal.
Study of anti-inflammatory activity using suitable animal model.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS (Latest Editions):1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Editors J.G. Hardman
et al. Mc Graw Hill, Pergamon Press.
Katzung, B.G., Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 11th edn, McGraw Hill, New York.
Craig, C.R. and Stitzel, R.R., Modern Pharmacology; Little Brown & Co.
Crossland, J. & Thomson, J.H., Essentials of Pharmacology; Harper & Row Publishers,
New York.
Rang, H.P. and Dale, M.M. and Riter, J.M., Pharmacology, 5th edn, 2010. Churchill
Livingstone.
Tripathi K.D., Essentials of Medical Pharmacology 6th edn, 2010, Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Satoskar, R.S. and Bhandarkar, S.D., Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 20th ed,
2010, Popular, Dubai
Ghosh, M.N., Fundamental of Experimental Pharmacology (1984) Scientific Book Agency,
Calcutta.
Kulkarni S.K., Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 3rd edn, 2009, Vallabh
Prakashan, New Delhi.
Goyal, R.K., Practicals in Pharmacology (1994) 1st edn. M/s B.S. Shah Prakashan,
Ahmedabad.
Sheth, U.K. et al., Selected Topics in Experimental Pharmacology (1972) 15th edn. The
Kothari Book Depot, Mumbai.
Tripathi, Pharmacological Experiments in Intact & Isolated Preparations; Churchill
Livingstone.
PHARM CHEM-VI (Medicinal Chemistry)
BPH 6.3 T (3 hours/week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
1
Synthetic procedure of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship
including Physico-chemical properties of the following classes of drugs:
2
Steroids and related drugs:- Steroidal nomenclature and stereochemistry,
androgens and Anabolic agents, estrogens and progestational agents, adrenocorticoids.
Drugs acting on the Central Nervous System :- General Anesthetics, Local
Anesthetics, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Opioid analgesics, antitussives, anticonvulsants,
antiparkinsonism drugs, CNS stimulants, sychopharmacological agents (neuroleptics,
antidepressants, anxiolytics).
Diuretics, Cardiovascular drugs, anticoagulant and anti platelet drugs.
3
4
PHARM CHEM-VI (Medicinal Chemistry)
BPH 6.3 P (3 hours/week) Practical
1.
To prepare benzocaine from p-aminobenzoic acid.
2.
Preparation of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin.
3.
Preparation of p-bromobenzanilide from aniline.
4.
Preparation of 2,4,6-tribromoaniline from aniline.
5.
Preparation of biphenic acid from pthalic anhydride.
6.
Preparation of benzpinacol.
7.
Preparation of diphenylnitrosamine.
8.
Preparation of diazoamino benzene.
9.
Preparation of methyl orange.
L0
T0
P3
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Foye, W.C. Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Lea & Febiger, Phila.
Additional Readings:Wilson & Giswold Text book of Organic Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry. J. Lippincott Co.,
Philadelphia.
PHARMACEUTICS-VI (Industrial Pharmacy)
BPH 6.4 T (3 hours/week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
1.
Capsules:- Advantages and disadvantages of capsule dosage form, material for
production of hard gelatin capsules, size of capsules, method of capsule filling, soft gelatin
capsule shell and capsule content, importance of base absorption and minimum/gm factors
in soft capsules, quality control, stability testing and storage of capsule dosage forms.
2.
Microencapsulation:- Types of microcapsules, importance on micro encapsulation in
pharmacy, micro encapsulation by phase separation, coacervation, multi orifice, spray
drying, spray congealing, polymerization complex emulsion, air suspension technique,
coating pan and other techniques, evaluation of micro capsules
3.
Tablets:-
4.
5.
a)
Formulation of different types of tablets, granulation technology, large scale by
various techniques, physics of tablets making, different types of tablet compression
machinery and the equipment employed, evaluation of tablets.
b)
Coating of Tablets:- Types of coating, film forming materials, formulation of
coating solution, equipments for coating, coating process evaluation of coated tablets.
c)
Stability kinetics and quality assurance.
Parentral Products:a)
Preformulation factors, routes of administration, water for injection, pyrogenicity,nonaqueous vehicles, isotonicity and methods of its adjustment.
b)
Formulation details, containers and closures and selection.
c)
Prefilling treatment, washing of containers and closures, preparation of solution and
suspensions, filling and closing of ampoules, vials, infusion fluids, lyophilization &
preparation of sterile powders, equipment for large scale manufacture and evaluation
of parenteral products.
d)
Aseptic Techniques: - source of contamination and methods of prevention,
design of aseptic area, laminar flow bench services and maintenance.
e)
Sterility testing of Pharmaceuticals.
Surgical products:- Definition, primary wound dressing, absorbents, surgical cotton,
Surgical gauzes etc. bandages, adhesive tape, protective cellulosic hemostastics, official
dressings, absorbable and non absorbable sutures, ligatures and catguts. Medical
prosthetics and organ replacement materials
6.
Packaging
of
Pharmaceutical
Products: -
7.
Controlled release (CR) delivery systems:- Advantages and Disadvantages,
Classification and types of oral, transdermal and parenteral CR drug delivery agents.
Packaging components, types,
specifications and methods of evaluation, stability aspects of packaging. Packaging
equipments, factors influencing choice of containers, legal and other official requirements
for containers, package testing.
PHARMACEUTICS-VI (Industrial Pharmacy)
BPH 6.4 P (3 hours/week) Practical
L0
T0
P3
1.
Experiments to illustrate preparation, stabilization, physical and biological evaluation of
pharmaceutical products like powders, capsules, tablets, parenterals, micro-capsules,
surgical dressing etc.
2.
Evaluation of materials used in pharmaceutical packaging.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Lachman, L. Lieberman, H.A. Kanig, J.L. The Theory & Practice of industrial Pharmacy. Lea &
Febiger, Philadelphia.
Additional Readings:Aulton, M. E. Pharmaceutics: The science of Dosage form Design.Edinburg, London.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7th Semester
PHARMACEUTICS-VII (Biopharmaceutics)
BPH 7.1 T (3 hours/week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
1.
Introduction to Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics and their role in formulation
development and clinical setting.
2.
Biopharmaceutics:- Passage of drugs across biological barrier (passive diffusion,
active transport, facilitated diffusion and pinocytosis), Factors influencing absorptionPhysicochemical, physiological and pharmaceutical. Drug distribution in the body, plasma
protein binding.
3.
Pharmacokinetics:- Significance of plasma drug concentration measurement,
Compartment and model-Definition and Scope. Pharmacokinetics of drug absorption –
Zero order and first order absorption rate constant using Wagner – Nelson and LooReigelman method. Volume of distribution and distribution coefficient. Compartment
kinetics- one compartment and two compartment models,
4.
Determination of pharmacokinetic parameters from plasma and urine data after drug
administration by intravascular and oral route. Curve fitting (method of Residuals),
regression procedures. Clearance concept, Mechanism of renal clearance, clearance ratio,
Determination of renal clearance. Extraction ratio, hepatic clearance, biliary excretion,
Extrahepatic circulation. Non-linear pharmacokinetics with special reference to one
compartment model after I.V. drug administration, Michaelis Menten Equation, detection
of non-linearity (Saturation mechanism). Non-Compartmental concept of mean residence
time (MRT).
5.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics:- Definition and scope, Dosage adjustment in patients
with and without renal failure.
6.
Bioavailability and bioequivalence:Measures of bioavailability, Cmax, tmax and area under the curve (AUC).
Design of single dose bioequivalence study and relevant statistics.
Review of regulatory requirements for conduct of bioequivalent studies.
PHARMACEUTICS-VII (Biopharmaceutics)
BPH 7.1 P (3 hours/week) Practical
L0
T0
1.
Experiments designed for the estimation of various pharmacokinetic parameters
with given data.
2.
Analysis of biological specifications for drug content and estimation of the
pharmacokinetic parameters.
3.
In vitro evaluation of different dosage forms for drug release.
4.
Absorption studies – in vitro and in situ.
5.
Statistical treatment of pharmaceutical data.
P3
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Gibaldi, M. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Lea & Febiger, Phiadelphia.
Additional Readings:1.
Notari, R.E. Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics- An Introduction. Marcel Dekker.
2.
Bharmanker, D. M. Jaiswal, S. B. Biopharmaceutics And Pharmacokinetics: A treatise.
Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi.
PHARMACOLOGY-II
BPH 7.2 T (3 hours/week) Theory
Drugs acting on Cardiovascular and Renal System: a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Cardiac Glycosides and other Cardiotonics
Antihypertensive Drugs
Anti-anginal Drugs
Anti-arrhythmic Drugs
Anti-hyperlipidemic Drugs
Diuretics and anti-Diuretics
Drugs Acting on the Hemopoietic System: a.
Hematinics and Erythropoietin
L3
T0
P0
b.
c.
Drugs Affecting Coagulation, Bleeding and Thrombosis
Plasma Expanders
Autacoids:a.
b.
c.
Histamine, 5-HT and their antagonists.
Prostanglandins, thromboxane and leukotrienes.
Pentagastrin, cholecystokinin, Angiotensin, Bradykinin and substance P
Pharmacology of drugs acting on Respiratory system: a.
b.
c.
Drugs used in bronchial asthma
Antitussive agents
Expectorants
Drugs acting on immune system:a.
b.
Immunosuppressive agents
Immunostimulant Agents
Bioassays:a.
b.
General principles and methods of Bioassays.
Official methods of bioassay of: Insulin, Heparin, Oxytocin, Vasopressin, ACTH, Glucagon,
Gonadotrophin.
PHARMACOLOGY-II
BPH 7.2 P (3 hours/week) practical
3
1.
2.
3.
L0
T0
P
Introduction to general principles of bioassay, pharmacopoeial bioassays and
biostandardization of various drugs
Introduction to cell based assay: Definition, Types, Advantages, limitations of cell based
assay, and application to High throughput screening
Experiments on isolated tissue preparations: To study the effects of various agonists (pD2) and antagonist (pA2) using isolated
preparations:



To record the concentration response curve (CRC) and dose response curve (DRC) of
acetylcholine using rat ileum preparation.
To study the effect of atropine on concentration response curve (CRC) of
acetylcholine using rat ileum preparation.
To record the concentration response curve (CRC) of Histamine on guinea pig ileum

To study the effect of mepyramine/chlorpheniramine on concentration response curve
(CRC) of Histamine using guinea pig ileum preparation
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Editors J.G. Hardman
et al. Mc Graw Hill, Pergamon Press.
Katzung, B.G., Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 11th edn, 2009, McGraw Hill, New York.
Craig, C.R. and Stitzel, R.R., Modern Pharmacology, Little Brown & Co.
Crossland, J. & Thomson, J.H. Essentials of Pharmacology; Harper & Row Publishers, New
York.
Rang, H.P. and Dale, M.M. and Riter, J.M. Pharmacology, 5th edn, 2010. Churchill
Livingstone.
Tripathi K.D. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 6th edn, 2010, Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Satoskar, R.S. and Bhandarkar, S.D., Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 20th
edition, 2010, Popular, Dubai
Barar, F.S.K., Textbook of Pharmacology; Interprint, New Delhi.
Kulkarni S.K., Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 3rd edn, 2009, Vallabh Prakashan,
New Delhi.
Goyal, R.K., Practicals in Pharmacology (1994) 1st edn., B.S.Shah Prakashan, Ahmedabad.
Sheth, U.K. et al., Selected Topics in Experimental Pharmacology (1972) 15th edn. The
Kothari Book Depot, Mumbai.
Ghosh, M.N., Fundamental of Experimental Pharmacology (1984) Scientific Book Agency,
Calcutta.
Tripathi, Pharmacological Experiments in Intact & Isolated Preparations; Churchill
Livingstone.
Harvel, R.A., Champe, P.C. et al., Pharmacology (1997) 2nd edn. Lippincott-Raven
Company, Philadelphia, New York.
PHARM CHEM-VII
BPH 7.3 T (3 hours/week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
1
Drug metabolism and concepts of Prodrugs.
2
Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity
relationship (including physicochemical aspects) of the following classes of drugs
Biochemical approaches in drug designing wherever applicable should be
discussed).antimetabolites (including sulfonamides).
3
Chemotherapeutic agents used in Protozoal, Parasitic and other infections.
Anti-viral including anti-HIV agents.
4
Antineoplastics agents.
Immunosuppressives and immunostimulants.
5
Amino acids, peptide, nucleotides and related drugs: - Thyroid and Anti thyroid drugs.
Insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents. Peptidomimetics and nucleotidomimetics.
6
Diagnostic agents.
7
Pharmaceutical Aids
PHARM CHEM-VII
BPH 7.3 P (3 hours/week) Practical
1.
To prepare pure sample of diketopiperazine.
2.
To prepare pure sample of hippuric acid.
3.
To prepare pure sample of phenylazo-β-naphtol.
4.
To prepare benzlidine acetophenone.
5.
To prepare pure sample of diphenylhydantoin.
6.
To prepare 4-benzylidine-2-phenyl-5-oxazolone.
7.
To carry out synthesis of sulphonamide from acetanilide.
L0
T0
P3
8.
To prepare pure sample of nifedipine.
9.
To prepare pure sample of ethylbenzoate.
10.
To prepare pure sample of 2-nitroresorsinol.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Foye, W.C.Principles of Medicinal Chemistry Vol. IV Quantitative Drug Design. Pergamon Press,
Oxford.
Additional Readings:Wilson & Giswold Text book of Organic Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry. J. Lippincott Co.,
Philadelphia.
PHARM ANALYSIS-IV
BPH 7.4 T (3 hours/week) Theory
1
L3
T0
P0
Quality Assurance:a)
GLP, ISO 9000, TQM, Quality Review and Quality Documentation.
b)
Regulatory control, regulatory drug analysis, interpretation of analytical data.
c)
Validation, quality audit:- quality of equipment, validation of equipment,validation of
analytical procedures.
2
The theoretical aspects, basic instrumentation, elements of interpretation of spectra, and
applications of the following analytical techniques should be discussed: Ultraviolet and
visible spectrophotometry.
3
Fluorimetry.
4
Infared spectrophotometry
5
Nuclear Magnetic resonance spectroscopy including 13c NMR.
6
Mass Spectrometry
7
Flame Photometry
8
Emission Spectroscopy
9
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.
10
X-ray Diffraction.
11
Radio Immunassay.
Reference Books:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Instruemental methods of chemical analysis by BK Sharma, Goel publishing house, Meerut.
Organic Spectroscopy by William Kemp, Palgrave Foundations.
Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Pearson.
Principles of instruemental analysis by Douglas A. Skoog.
PHARM ANALYSIS-IV
BPH 7.4 P (3 hours/week) Practical
L0
T0
P2
1.
Quantitative estimation of at least ten formulations containing single drug or more than one
drug, using instrumental techniques.
2.
Estimation of Na+,K+, Ca++ ions using flame photometry.
3.
IR of samples with different functional groups (-COOH, -COOR,- CONHR;-NH2-OH, etc)
4.
Workshop to interpret the structure of simple organic compounds using UV, IR, NMR and
MS.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Connors, K.A.A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis. Wiley Intersinces.
Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs
BPH 7.5 T (3 hours/week) Theory
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
L3
T0
P0
Regulatory affairs and its importance.
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Copyright, Trademark, InventionsPatentable, Geographical Indications, Industrial Designs, Integrated Circuits, Trade
Secrets. Patents: need of patents, major types of patents, International registration of
patents, patent term and extension The Patents Act, 1970 – Salient features.
Organization: Intellectual Property Rights, World Trade Organization (WTO), World
Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Paris Convention, Berne Convention, TRIPS
Agreement, the Doha Declaration, Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), Madrid Protocol.
New Drug Application: Steps involved in the development of new drug. New drug
applications as per WHO guidelines and abbreviated NDA. Requirement and guidelines
on clinical trials, Investigational New Drug Application (IND).
Documentation and Records (CGMP): Material Identification System – Codes, Master
Formula Records, Control Records, Master Production and Control Records, Batch
6.
Production and Control Records, Equipment Cleaning and Use of Log Book, Records
Relating to Container, Closure and Labeling, Production Records Review, Distribution
Records, Complaint’s Files.
Generic Drug Products: Drug Regulations – IND and NDA, Drug Regulations – ANDA,
Generic Drug Product Development, Generic Drug Product Approval, SUPAC.
REFERENCES BOOKS:1. Drug Regulatory Affairs by Dr. N.S. Vyawahare and Sachin Itkar, Nirali Prakashan.
2. Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs by C.V.S. Subrahmanyam & J. Thimma Setty, Vallabh
Prakashan.
3. Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutics Vol I & II of WHO publications, 1999.
4. GMPs by Mehra
5. How to Practice GMP by P.P.Sharma
6. GMP of Pharmaceuticals by Willing and Stoker.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8th Semester
PHARMACEUTICS-VIII
BPH 8.1 T (3Hours/Week) Theory
1.
L3
T0
P0
Preformulation Studies:a)
Study of physical properties of drugs like physical form, particle size, shape, density,
wetting, dielectric constant. Solubility, dissolution and organoleptic property and
their effect on formulation, stability and bioavailability.
b)
Study of chemical properties of drugs like hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction,
racemization, polymerization etc., and their influence on formulation and stability of
products.
c)
Study of pro-drugs in solving problems related to stability, bioavailability and
elegancy of formulation.
2.
Design, development and process validation methods for pharmaceutical operations
involved in the production of pharmaceutical products with special reference to tablets,
suspensions.
3.
Stabilization and stability testing protocol for various pharmaceutical products.
4.
Performance evaluation methods:a)
In vitro dissolution studies for solid oral dosage forms, Federal perspectiveson
Immediate Release (IR) and Extended Release (ER) products.
b)
Brief Concepts of Biopharmaceutics Classification Scheme( BCS), in-vitro in-vitro
correlation and bio-waiver.
c)
Important federal considerations for bio-availability and bio-equivalence studies for
oral products; Statistical considerations including Crossover ANOVA.
5.
GMP and quality assurance, Quality audit
6.
Design, development, production and evaluation of controlled released formulations
PHARMACEUTICS-VIII
BPH 8.1 P (3Hours/Week) Practical
L0
T0
P3
1.
Preformulation studies including drug-excipient compatibility studies, effect of stabilizers,
preservatives etc. in dosage form design.
2.
Experiments demonstrating improvement in bioavailability through prodrug concept.
3.
Stability evaluation of various dosage forms and their expiration dating.
4.
Dissolution testing and data evaluation for oral solid dosage forms.
5.
Evaluation of Bioequivalence of some marketed products.
6.
In vivo bioavailability evaluation from plasma drug concentration and urinary excretion
curves.
7.
Design, development and evaluation of controlled release formulations.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:Aulton, M.E. Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design ELBS.
PHARMACOLOGY-III
BPH 8.2 T (3 hours/week) Theory
Chemotherapy:a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
General principles of chemotherapy
Sulfonamides, cotrimoxazole and quinolones
Beta lactam antibiotics
Tetracycline and chloramphenicol
Aminoglycoside antibiotics
Macrolides
Antitubercular drugs
Antileprosy drugs
Antifungal drugs
Antiviral drugs
Antiprotozoal (Antimalarial, Antiamoebic etc.) drugs
Anthelmintic drugs
Anticancer drugs
L3
T0
P0
Pharmacology of Endocrine system:a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Hypothalamic & pituitary hormones
Thyroid and antithyroid drugs, parathormone, calcitonin and vitamin D
Glucagon, insulin and oral hypoglycaemic drugs
Corticosteroids
Androgens and anabolic steroids
Estrogens, progesterone and oral contraceptives
Oxytocics and Tocolytics
Toxicology: a.
b.
Poisons and the treatment of poisoning: Definition of poisons, Adverse drug reactions,
general principles of treatment of poisoning with particular reference of barbiturates,
opioids, organophosphorous and atropine poisoning.
Heavy metals and heavy metal antagonists
Drug Acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract: a.
b.
c.
Anti-ulcer drugs (Antacids, Anti-secretory agents etc.)
Laxatives and antidiarrhoeal drugs
Emetics and anti-emetics
PHARMACOLOGY-III
BPH 8.2 P (3 hours/week) Practical
1.
L0
T0
P3
Experiments on isolated tissue preparations: To estimate the strength of the test sample of agonist/drug (e.g. Acetylcholine, Histamine)
using a suitable isolated muscle preparation employing Graphical (Interpolation bioassay)
method, matching bioassay, Bracketing bioassay, Three point bioassay and four point
bioassay.
2.
Demonstration experiments:






To demonstrate effect of antiulcer drugs using rats
To demonstrate the effect of anti-motility drugs using mice/rat
To demonstrate bioassay of oxytocin using rat uterus
To demonstrate effect of l-thyronine on respiration rate
To study the effects of various drugs on rat fundus preparation
To study the effects of various drugs on rat anococcygeus muscle preparation.
To study the effects of various drugs on rat vas deferens preparation.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:-
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Editors J.G. Hardman
et al. Mc Graw Hill, Pergamon Press.
Katzung, B.G., Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 11th edn, 2009, McGraw Hill, New York.
Craig, C.R. and Stitzel, R.R., Modern Pharmacology, Little Brown & Co.
Crossland, J. & Thomson, J.H. Essentials of Pharmacology; Harper & Row Publishers, New
York.
Rang, H.P. and Dale, M.M. and Riter, J.M. Pharmacology, 5th edn, 2010. Churchill
Livingstone.
Tripathi K.D. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 6th edn, 2010, Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Satoskar, R.S. and Bhandarkar, S.D., Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 20th
edition, 2010, Popular, Dubai
Barar, F.S.K., Textbook of Pharmacology; Interprint, New Delhi.
Kulkarni S.K., Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 3rd edn, 2009, Vallabh Prakashan,
New Delhi.
Goyal, R.K., Practicals in Pharmacology (1994) 1st edn., B.S.Shah Prakashan, Ahmedabad.
Sheth, U.K. et al., Selected Topics in Experimental Pharmacology (1972) 15th edn. The
Kothari Book Depot, Mumbai.
Ghosh, M.N., Fundamental of Experimental Pharmacology (1984) Scientific Book Agency,
Calcutta.
Tripathi, Pharmacological Experiments in Intact & Isolated Preparations; Churchill
Livingstone.
Harvel, R.A., Champe, P.C. et al., Pharmacology (1997) 2nd edn. Lippincott-Raven
Company, Philadelphia, New York.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
BPH 8.3 T (3 hours/week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
Unit 1: The Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Studies
Definition, scope and importance, Need for public awareness.
Unit 2: Natural Resources
Renewable and Non-renewable Resources:
Natural resources and associated problems.
(a) Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction,
mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people.
(b) Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought,
conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems.
(c) Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using
mineral resources, case studies.
(d) Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects
of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, Case studies.
(e) Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources, use
of alternate energy sources. Case studies.
(f) Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and
desertification.
Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources.
Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles
Unit 3: Ecosystems
Concept of an ecosystem. Structure and function of an ecosystem. Producers, consumers and
decomposers. Energy flow in the ecosystem. Ecological succession. Food chains, food webs and
ecological pyramids. Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the
following ecosystem:
(a) Forest ecosystem
(b) Grassland ecosystem
(c) Desert ecosystem
(d) Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estauries)
Unit 4: Biodiversity and Its Conservation
Introduction, definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.
Biogeographical classification of India., Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use,
social, ethical, aesthetic and option values. Biodiversity at global, National and local levels. India as
a mega-diversity nation. Hot-spots of biodiversity. Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of
wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts. Endangered and endemic species of India. Conservation of
biodiversity: in-situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.
Unit 5: Environmental Pollution
Definition
Causes, effects and control measures of
(a) Air pollution
(b) Water pollution
(c) Soil pollution
(d) Marine pollution
(e) Noise pollution
(f) Thermal pollution
(g) Nuclear hazards
Solid waste management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes.
Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. Pollution case studies. Diaster management: Foods,
earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
Unit 6: Social Issues and the Environment
From unsustainable to sustainable development. Urban problems related to energy. Water
conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management. Resettlement and rahabilitation of
people; its problems and concerns. Case studies. Environmental ethics: Issues and possible
solutions. Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and
holocaust. Case studies. Wasteland reclamation. Consumerism and waste products. Environment
Protection Act. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act. Wildlife Protection Act. Forest Conservation Act. Issues involved in enforcement of
environmental legislation. Public awareness.
Unit 7: Human Population and the Environment
Population growth, variation among nations. Population explosion—Family Welfare Programme.
Environment and human health. Human rights. Value education. HIV/AIDS. Women and Child
Welfare. Role of Information Technology in environment and human health. Case Studies.
Unit 8: Field Work
Visit to a local area to document environmental assets—river/forest/grassland/hill/
mountain. Visit to a local polluted site—Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural. Study of common
plants, insects, birds. Study of simple ecosystems—pond, river, hill slopes, etc.
Books Recommended (Latest editions)
1. Principles of Environmental Engineering and Sciences, K.L. Davis & S.J. Masen, McGraw Hill
International Edition, 2004.
2. Principles of Environmental Science inquiring & applications, Cunningham & Cunningham
(TMH, New Delhi)
3. Introduction to Environmental Science, Y.Anjaneyalu, B.S.Publication. Hyderabad
Environmental Engineering Irwin/McGraw Hill International Edition, 1997, G.Kiely
PHARMACEUTICAL MANAGEMENT
BPH 8.4 T (3 hours/week) Theory
1.
L3
T0
P0
Personnel Management and Industrial Relations :-
Objectives and functions of personnel department, employment and development of personnel.
Industrial relations: problems of labor management relations, causes of industrial disputes,
remedies, industrial dispute act, trade union grievance and grievance handling procedure, causes of
grievances, need for grievance procedure, grievance redressal machinery.
2.
Motivation:-
Objectives, rules of motivation, motivation steps. Types of motivation, Financial and non-financial
motivators. Theories of motivation: McGregor's Theory X and Y, Herzberg's time factor theory,
McClelland's need for achievement theory, Vroom's expectancy theory, Behavioral theory,
Employee-Centered approach.
3.
Communication:-
Importance, nature of communication, types of communication- oral vs. written, media of
communication. Barriers to communication. Communication failure. Achieving effective
communication.
4.
Purchasing and Store Keeping:-
Objectives, organisation and responsibilities of purchasing department, methods and types of
purchasingcentralised and decentralised purchasing. Types of stores, depot, location and layout of a
store, problems and development.
5.
Materials management:-
Materials handling, equipment, inventory management, economic ordering quantity, ABC analysis,
value analysis, classification and codification of stores, obsolete, surplus and scrap management,
lead time, inventory carrying costs, safety stock, solutions to problems relating to EOQ.
n. Drug Supply:Planning and management, supply process and its pitfalls, planning for drug supply, planning
models, steps to develop a formulary, predicting drug requirements, procurement cycle and its
methods, designing training programs to improve pharmaceutical logistics.
o. Pharmaceutical Marketing:Goals, theories of selling process, company market, systems, market and sale forecasting, market
test method, statistical demand analysis, types of sales organizations, salesmanship, qualification of
a salesman, channels of distribution advertising, presentation and analysis of statistical data. (charts,
frequency distribution).
p. Establishment of a pharmaceutical factory :Choice of site, trends in location of a plant, plant facilities, layout of stores in an industry, layout of
injectable unit or sterile area, tableting department and area requirement for each department.
q. Production and Maintenance Management :A brief exposure of various functions and objectives of production management, various activities
of production management, production organization, productivity and wastivity. Objectives of
maintenance management, probability distributions, reliability engineering, preventive maintenance
and its benefits.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:-
1.
Principles of Marketing, by Philips Kottler.
2.
Personnel management and Industrial Relations, by R.S. Davar.
3.
Personnel management, by Mamoria.
4.
Materials management, by Gopalkrisnan,and R.K. Rajput.
5.
Purchasing and Store Keeping, by D.R. Gupta, R.K. Rajput.
6.
Managing Drug Supply: management sciences for health, by Borbon.
7.
Pharmaceutical Marketing by Smith.
8.
Establishment of a pharmaceutical factory, by S.P. Aganil.
9.
Quantitative techniques for managerial decision making, by U.K. Srivastava and S.C.
Sharma.
10.
Marketing Management by Philips Kottler, Tenth Edition, Printice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
11.
Marketing Strategy: A Global Perspective by Vernon R. Stauble The Dryden Press.
12.
D.A. Whetton and K.S. Cameron, Developing Management Skills, New York: Harper
Collins, 1995, 72-73.
13.
Peter F. Drucker, Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices, New York: Harper and
Row, 1974, 523.
14.
Stanley C.Hollander, The Wheel of Retailing, J. of Marketing, July 1960, pp 37-42.
15.
Amber G. Rao and Peter B. Miller, Advertising/ Sales Response functions, J. of Advertising
Research, April 1975, pp7-15.
COSMETIC TECHNOLOY
BPH 8.5 T (3 hours/week) Theory
L3
T0
P0
COSMETIC TECHNOLOGY:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Fundamentals of cosmetic technology, classification of cosmetics, A brief study of
raw
materials used for Cosmetic preparations: surfactants, humectants, cream bases, aerosol
propellants, perfumes, colours.
Stability aspects of cosmetics: Shelf-life, effects of environmental factors like light,
temperatures etc on product stability.
Quality control tests of different cosmetic products, Packaging of Cosmetics
Hair Care Products: Hair structure, Shampoos, Conditioners, Setting lotion, Hair creams,
Hair dyes.
Skin Care Products: Anatomy and physiology of skin, formulation of skin cleaners,
moisturizers, sunscreen products, acne products, anti-ageing creams.
Colour Cosmetics: Introduction, lip colour, nail polish, face make-up eye make-up.
Dental products: Dentifrices, Oral rinses, Tooth powder, Tooth paste.
Personal Hygiene Products: Shaving creams, after shave products.
COSMETIC TECHNOLOGY
BPH 8.5 P (3 hours/week) Practical
L0
T0
P2
COSMETIC TECHNOLOGY:(A minimum of 15 experiments shall be conducted)
1. Preparation of selected cosmetic preparations representing the following classes:
a) Shampoos
b) Hair conditioners
c) Hair creams
d) Skin creams
e) Nail polish
f) Face powders
g) Tooth pastes
h) Tooth powder
i) Shaving cream
j) After shave lotion
2.
Evaluation of any two products mentioned above
1.
Collection of various packaging materials used for cosmetics and their description (Each
student shall collect at least 10 different types of containers.)
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Cosmetics: Formulation, manufacturing, and Quality control by P.P.Sharma
A Handbook of Cosmetics by B.M. Mithal, R.N. Saha
The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy by Lachman L., Liberman, H.A.
Modern Cosmetics by Thomson, E.G.
Paucher’s Perfumes, cosmetics & soaps by W.A.Paucher.
Hary’s cosmeticology by J.B.Wilkimsson.
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