Interpersonal
Non-Verbal
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Most nonverbal behavior is not codified. . .
a particular behavior can have many
meanings. . .
depending on the user’s
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•
•
•
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personality,
family influences,
culture,
the context of the communication,
or, the relationship of the nonverbal behavior
to the verbal message. Pg. 115
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Verbal
Nonverbal
Communication Communication
 The
use
words we
 Actions, vocal
qualities, and
activities that
typically
accompany a
verbal message
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of emotional meaning of messages is nonverbal.
Mehrabian (1972)
Show Off Time
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 Affective
 Ambiguous
 Continuous
 Multi-channeled
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Group Activity
 Substitute
 Complement
 Contradict
Verbal
Communication
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When nonverbal
and verbal
contradict, we tend
to accept the
nonverbal
inference.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Facial expression and eye contact
Kinesics (body motion)
Proxemics and personal space
Artifacts
Touch (haptics)
Paralanguage
Chronemics (time)
Physical characteristics
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 Men
& women have
different nonverbal
rules.
 What can men do that
women can not?
(nonverbally)
 What can women do
that men can not?
(nonverbally)
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Mrs. Doubtfire
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Emblems
Illustrators
Affect display
Regulators
Adaptors
Courtship readiness cues:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
Preening behavior
Positional cues
Actions of appeal or invitation
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 Nonverbal
Microsoft Photo
gestures that take
the place of a word
or phrase
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Illustrators
Microsoft Photo
Nonverbal gestures that complement
what a speaker is saying
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expressions
and gestures that
augment the
verbal expression
of feelings
Microsoft Photo
 Facial
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Regulators
Microsoft Photo
Facial expressions or gestures that
are used to control or regulate the
flow of a conversation
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motions that
are used to relieve
tension
Microsoft Photo
 Body
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Is everyone
awake?
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5 Students
have used up
their 3
absences!
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Smiling is one of a very
limited number of
“pancultural” nonverbal
behaviors.
• Intensify
• Deintensify
• Neutralize
• Masking.
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



Intensify – exaggerate our facial
expressions to fit the situation, i.e.
smiling at a wedding.
Deintensify – when we want to
control or subdue an expression,
when you found out you got into law
school and your friend did not.
Neutralize – avoid showing any
facial expressions to appear
neutral, i.e. judges at a gymnastic
event.
Masking – when you want to
conceal our real emotion, i.e. when
your significant other buys
something and you want to conceal
your anger by looking excited.
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Activity
Example # 1 Example # 2 Example # 3
Mask
Deintensify
Neutralize
Masking
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Example # 1
Example # 2
Masking
Intensify
Neutralize
Deintensify
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Of the face the eye
communicates more than
any other feature.
“Our faces are the windows
to the world.”
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Microsoft Photo
The majority of people in
the United States and
other Western cultures
expect people to look
them in the eye when
communicating.
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Microsoft Photo
• Japanese direct their
gaze to a position
around the Adam’s
apple.
• Chinese, Indonesians,
and Mexicans lower
their eyes as a sign of
deference.
• Arabs look intently into
others’ eyes showing
keen interest.
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Vocal communication minus the words
 Pitch
 Volume
 Rate
 Quality
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and
being touched are
essential to a
healthy life
 Touch can
communicate
power, empathy,
understanding
Microsoft Photo
 Touching
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Microsoft Photo
 What
message do
you wish to send
with your choice of
clothing and
personal
grooming?
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 How
do you dress?
1. Comfort & protection
2. Modesty
Microsoft Photo
3. Cultural Display

What artifacts do
you display?
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 How
do we
manage and react
to others’
management of
time
• duration
• activity
Microsoft Photo
• punctuality
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Polychronic and monochronic
variations of time exist within
cultures. Should we ask
polychronics to conform in the
workplace?
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 Our
sense of smell is
very personal.
 Our sense of smell
often dictates how we
perceive others from
different cultures.
 Variations:
• Deodorants
• Soaps
• Perfumes
• Body lotions
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 Intimate
distance, up to 18”, is appropriate for
private conversations between close friends.
 Personal distance, from 18”- 4’, is the space in
which casual conversation occurs.
 Social distance, from 4’ – 12’, is where
impersonal business such as job interviews is
conducted.
 Public distance is anything more than 12’
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office
Your desk
A table in the
cafeteria that you
sit at regularly
Microsoft Photo
Your
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Yellow cheers
and
elevates moods
Red excites
and
stimulates
In some
cultures
black suggests
mourning
Blue comforts
and
soothes
In some
cultures
white suggests
purity
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Nonverbal Signals
Microsoft Photo
Vary from culture to culture
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 In
the United States it is a
symbol for good job
 In Germany the number one
 In Japan the number five
 In Ghana an insult
 In Malaysia the thumb is
used to point rather than a
finger
-Atlantic Committee for the Olympic Games
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We need to monitor our own nonverbal
communication and exercise care in
interpreting that of others.
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Independently read pages 125-6,
“Nonverbal Expectancy Violation
Theory.” Consider its implications.
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