SEMESTER/FINAL EXAM
Review Answers
Life Cycle of a Group
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Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Performing
Norming
Storming
Forming
Forming
• The infancy stage of a • Martha, Tim, Evonne,
group in which
and Sarah meet to
members become
start a book club.
acquainted with one
They have never met
another and
before, so they take
leadership roles are
the first meeting to
established
get to know each
other better.
Storming
• The adolescent stage • Sariah and Jeff are
of a group in which
both members of a
members challenge
large volunteer group.
goals and approaches
They are each afraid
in an effort to express
that they will become
individuality.
just a random group
member so they are
always pushing their
opinions on the
group. They want to
stand out.
Norming
• The cohesive stage in
the formation of a
group when members
learn to function
effectively as a group.
• Jim has started to
compromise on doing
things his way, so that
other members of his
group feel welcome
and appreciated.
Performing
• The final stage in the
formation of a group
when members bond
and work together
effectively and
harmoniously.
• Teresa’s research
group has been
working together for
over 6 months. They
now know what to
expect from each
other and how to
compromise and
accommodate their
differences while still
completing their
goals.
Factors that affect group
discussion
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Size
Cliques
Personal Goals
Physical Environment
Seating Arrangement
Time
• These are influences
over how
successful/unsuccess
ful a group is.
Size
• How big or small the
group is.
• This can alter
success because of
having too few or too
many people. If the
amount of group
members is not
appropriate to reach
the goal, the group
will be impacted.
• Marcus is leading a
research team that
must work over the
next year to collect
rain samples in 12
locations. There are
only 4 group
members, which
means they each
have to go to multiple
locations. If he had
more people the task
would be easier.
Cliques
• A small group of
people within a group
that isolate others.
• When there is a small
group of people
working together
within a group, they
might interfere with
the whole group goals
and only focus on
their own. If the clique
sticks together it can
create a power
struggle.
• Shawn, Mark, and
Tom are best friends
and part of a group of
10 people that meet
to discuss music.
They work toward
controlling what types
of music the group
talks about because
they all like the same
thing and are such
good friends.
Personal Goals
• An individual within a
group is concerned
with their own goals
not the group’s goals.
• This creates conflict
when one person is
using the group to
further a personal
goal or is not focusing
on the group.
• Jeremy wants to be
asked to lead the next
committee at work.
Currently he is a
committee member
for the party
committee. He wants
to prove his
leadership skills to the
company, so often
times takes over the
group and ignores the
current leader.
Physical Environment
• The actual place to
meet and materials
needed to reach the
goals.
• Without the proper
setting or resources a
group cannot function
effectively.
• Martin needs his
group to be able to do
internet research in
order to complete the
task on time.
However, they only
have access to 1
computer and have
12 group members.
Seating Arrangement
• Where everyone sits
and who they sit by.
• This impacts the idea
of who is in control
and may cause
problems if people
have personality
conflicts.
• Amber and Cheri talk
a lot when they are
together. It is almost
impossible to get
them to focus and be
quiet. If they aren’t
seated by each other,
this is not a problem.
Time
• The actual meeting
time(s) and the length
of time given to
complete a goal.
• If the times are
inconvenient for
group members or
there is not a
reasonable amount of
time to do the work,
the group may not
work out.
• The Amazing Theater
Group has been
asked to write and
perform a play for the
city of Roanoke. They
have only 2 weeks to
write, design,
rehearse, and
perform a 14 person
play.
Outcomes of Discussion
• Consensus- everyone • All 5 group members
agrees
vote the same
• Compromise- some
• Mark decides to give
changes are made to
in on one issue in
reach an agreement
order to get his way
on another issue.
• Majority vote- the
majority of the group
• 51% of the group vote
have to vote the same
for pepperoni pizza,
49% for cheese.
Pepperoni wins.
Types of Leadership
• Appointed
– a leader that is
assigned the position
to lead
• Margaret is told by
her boss to assemble
a group of coworkers
and be in charge of a
finance committee.
• Emergent
– A leader that arises
out of how the group
works together
• Super Book Club
works very well
together. They all
noticed that Anne is
really good at
coordinating the dates
and locations of their
meetings. Anne’s skill
has made her the
leader of the book
club.
Speeches Focused on
Persons
Speech of Introduction
• Speech used to build
enthusiasm and
interest for a guest
speaker
• Albert Einstein is
going to speak to a
group of 7th graders.
Before he goes on
stage, the counselor
speaks a little bit
about who Albert is
and what he does.
Speech of Presentation
• Speech honoring the
recipient of a gift or
award.
• The class president
gives a speech to the
school about Ms.
Yaya in order to
present the Teacher
of the Year award.
Speech of Acceptance
• Speech of thanks
given by a recipient of
a gift or award.
• Taylor Swift wins an
award and gives a
short speech about
how grateful she is to
her fans and the
people that gave her
the award. …then
Kanye interrupts
her…
Commemorative Speech
• An inspiring address
designed to recall
heroic events or
people
• Alexander presents a
speech to his
classmates in honor
of all the people have
served in the U.S.
military.
Testimonial Speech
• An address of praise
or celebration
honoring living
persons at occasions
such as weddings,
retirement dinners, or
roasts.
• Jamie gives a toast to
the bride and groom
at their wedding. It is
a short speech about
how awesome the
couple is.
Eulogy
• A commemorative
speech honoring an
individual who has
died.
• Megan presented a
speech about her
grandmother at the
funeral.
Debate
• To engage in
argument by
presenting opposing
points.
• Formal debate has 2
sides: Affirmative and
Negative.
• Arthur believes PS3 is
better than XBOX
360. Marcus believes
the opposite of that.
They argue back and
forth to show their
side.
Cross Examination
• Used to clarify points
and attempt to
discredit your
opponent. You should
ask questions that are
about the topic being
debated.
• Angela asks
questions about her
opponents’ points in
order to better
understand them.
Time Requirements for Comm
Apps Debates
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2 minutes for AFF
1 minute for CX
3 minutes for NEG
1 minute for CX
3 minutes for AFF
1 minute for CX
2 minutes for NEG
Comm App Debate Case
Requirements
• 1 case has 5
arguments or points
• Marty and Sam are
affirmative for
popcorn is better than
candy. Their case:
– Healthier
– Get more for your
money
– More to share
– No sugar, so makes a
good school snack
– Can make at home
Oral Interpretation
• The process by which
a speaker performs
literature aloud for an
audience
• Jack memorizes part
of a book and
performs it in front of
his class.
Minstrel/Bard
• Professional
storyteller from
ancient times that
traveled from village
to village bringing
news and
entertainment.
• Edward goes from
town to town to tell
stories and spread
news. He is paid by
the townspeople.
Prose
• The ordinary form of
written or spoken
language, without rhyme
or meter.
• “A long time ago, a
husband and wife lived
happily in a cottage at the
edge of a wood. But one
day the wife fell ill. She
could eat nothing and
grew thinner and thinner.
The only thing that could
cure her, she believed,
was a strange herb that
grew in the beautiful
garden next to their
cottage. She begged her
husband to find a way
into the garden and steal
some of this herb, which
was called rapunzel.”
Types of Prose
Fiction
• Material created in the
imagination.
The prince saw the witch
climb up the hair and
disappear through the
window, and he made up
his mind he would wait
until she had gone and
see if he could do the
same.
So after the witch had gone,
he stood where the witch
had been and called,
"Rapunzel, Rapunzel, let
down your long hair."
Nonfiction
• Material based entirely on
truth as the author
understands it.
• The Raymond Firehouse
School is located in
Raymond, Maine, a
sleepy little town in a
scenic part of the state of
Maine. Hardly anything
big ever happens in
Raymond, Maine, except
for the big herd of moose
that once walked down
Main Street on a Tuesday
afternoon without any
prior warning last
November.
Poetry
• The communication of
thought and feeling
through the careful
arrangement of words for
their sound, rhythm, and
meaning.
Messy Room by Shel
Silverstein
Whosever room this is
should be ashamed!
His underwear is
hanging on the lamp.
His raincoat is there in
the overstuffed chair,
And the chair is
becoming quite mucky
and damp.
His workbook is
wedged in the window,
His sweater's been
thrown on the floor.
…
Types of Poetry
Narrative Poetry
• Poems that tell stories.
On Turning Ten by Billy
Collins
The whole idea of it
makes me feel
like I'm coming down with
something,
something worse than
any stomach ache
or the headaches I get
from reading in bad light-a kind of measles of the
spirit,
a mumps of the psyche,
a disfiguring chicken pox
of the soul.
Lyric Poetry
• “song-like” poetry
expressing emotions.
“A word is dead
when it is said.
Some say.
I say it just
begins to live
that day.”
~Emily Dickinson
Drama
• Public communication
that uses both
language and actions
to tell a story of
human conflict.
• 10 kids get together
and memorize a script
and act out a story in
front of an audience.
Rehearsals
Blocking
• Arranging the
movements on stage
of actors in a play
• All 10 cast members
get together and go
through all the actions
they will make during
the play on stage.
Off Book
• Without a script,
having memorized
dialogue, cues, and
blocking.
• All the actors know
their parts and go
through the actions.
The director may
interrupt to make
changes.
Run-through
• A rehearsal straight
through from
beginning to end.
• The 10 actors go
through the entire
play in order to
practice.
Dialogue
• A conversation;
passages of talk in a
play.
• Mary’s character talks
with another
character in the play.
Characterization
• The movements and
the voice that the
character has.
• Jackson decides to
make the ant
character have a
squeaky voice and
jump up and down
when excited.
Choreography
• Dance patterns; the
arrangement of the
movements of a
dance.
• Thomas designs the
way all the characters
will move on the
stage for the play.
Parts of Storytelling
• The teller
• Who says it and how?
• The tale
• What is the story?
• The tradition
• Why do we tell
stories?
Delivery for Storytelling
• Speak your story like
a conversation.
• Keep your eyes
moving over your
audience, but speak
to one person at a
time.
• Stand or sit close to
your audience.
• Visualize all your
work.
Costuming
• Dress appropriately
– Eliminate anything that
interferes with
performing
• Make it practical
• Want the audience to
focus on the story not
your appearance
• Don’t wear something
that makes noise and
covers up your voice.
• Don’t wear something
that prevents you
from moving or
talking.
• Don’t wear something
that is so weird your
audience is
distracted.
Educational Value
• Storytelling uses oral
language. Our
language comes alive
when heard.
• Storytelling develops
memory.
• Storytelling increases
knowledge of
literature.
• We become better
speakers.
• We build our ability to
memorize.
• We hear and read
more literature.