Mrs. Donahue
Fall 2014
9 CPA and CP
 Not
literal
 Words used to create a meaning that is
different from the normally accepted
meaning.
 Name
all the types of figurative language
you can think of!
 Simile
 Metaphor
 Personification
 Hyperbole
 Symbolism
 Write
down all the writing styles you can
think of to create a simile or a metaphor, or
to create personification or symbolism.
 Alliteration
 Idiom
 Onomatopoeia
 Comparison
between two ideas that uses
comparative language such as like or as.
 Comparison
between to ideas without the
use of comparitive languages.
 Gives
human characteristics to a nonhuman object, usually an inanimate object
but sometimes an animal or plant.
 An
outrageous exaggeration used to
emphasize a point.
 When
a word which has meaning in itself
is used to represent something entirely
different.
 Apple
pie can represent the American
lifestyle = “Main Street America”
 Reliving past successes = “Glory Days”
 Going through a tough time = “Waking
Nightmare”
A
writing technique in which all the words
begin with the same letter or letters.
 Susie
sells sea-shell by the sea shore.
 Peter Parker picked pickled peppers.
 Onomatopoeia
is the use of words that
sound like their meaning, or mimic
sounds. They add a level of fun and reality
to writing.
 The
logs burnt in the fireplace, crackling
and hissing.
 Name as many words as you can think of
that follow this technique.
A
phrase or word that has meaning only to
a group of people. This is an inside joke.
 She
kicked the bucket.
 Whistling Dixie!
 Hello, Joe. What do you know?
 Allegory
 Ballad
 Blank Verse
 Burlesque
 Cacophony
 Elegy
 Enjambment
 Epic
 Epigram
 Epitaph
 Free Verse
 Haiku
 Idyll
 Imagery
 Limerick
 Lyric
 Name (Acrostic)
 Odes
 Quatrains
 Refrain
 Sonnet
 An
Allegory is a narrative having a second
meaning beneath the surface one - a story
with two meanings, a literal meaning and a
symbolic meaning. Examples of allegories
are the Fairie Queen by Edmund Spenser,
Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan
and Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel
Hawthorne
 Ballad
Poems are poems that tells a story
similar to a folk tale or legend and often
has a repeated refrain. A ballad is often
about love and often sung. A ballad is a
story in poetic form. A collection of 305
ballads from England and Scotland, and
their American variants, were collected by
Francis James Child in the late 19th
century - an example is shown below.
 Blank Verse
is Poetry that is written in
unrhymed iambic pentameter. Blank verse
is often unobtrusive and the iambic
pentameter form often resembles the
rhythms of ordinary speech. William
Shakespeare wrote most of his plays in
blank verse.
 Burlesque
Types consist of a story, play, or
essay, that treats a serious subject
ridiculously, or is simply a trivial story. A
Parody is a type of high burlesque which
imitates or exaggerates the serious
manner and characteristic features of a
particular literary work. Parody is a device
of satire.
 Cacophony
is a technique which was used by
the famous poet and author Lewis Carroll.
Lewis Carroll makes use of cacophony in the
poem 'Jabberwocky' by using an unpleasant
spoken sound created by clashing
consonants. The word cacophony originates
from the Greek word meaning "bad sound".
The term in poetry refers to the use of words
that combine sharp, harsh, hissing, or
unmelodious sounds.
 An
Elegy is a sad and thoughtful poem
lamenting the death of a person. An
example of this type of poem is Thomas
Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country
Churchyard."
 The
word Enjambment comes from the
French word for "to straddle". Enjambment
is the continuation of a sentence form one
line or couplet into the next. An example
by Joyce Kilmer 1886–1918 in his poem
"Trees" is:
I think that I shall never see A poem as lovely
as a tree
 Epic
Poems are long, serious poems that
tells the story of a heroic figure. Some of
the most famous epic poems are the Iliad
and the Odyssey by Homer and the epic
poem of The Song of Hiawatha by Henry
Wadsworth Longfellow ( 1807 - 1882 ) .
 An
Epigram is a very short, satirical and
witty poem usually written as a brief
couplet or quatrain. The term epigram is
derived from the Greek word 'epigramma'
meaning inscription. The epigram was
cultivated in the late sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries by poets like Ben
Jonson and John Donne who wrote twentyone English epigrams.
 An
epitaph is a commemorative
inscription on a tomb or mortuary
monument written in praise, or reflecting
the life, of a deceased person.
 Free Verse
is a form of Poetry composed of
either rhymed or unrhymed lines that have
no set fixed metrical pattern. The early
20th-century poets were the first to write
what they called "free verse" which
allowed them to break from the formula
and rigidity of traditional poetry. The
poetry of Walt Whitman provides many
illustrations of Free Verse including his
poem "Song of Myself".
 Haiku
Poetry Type is a Japanese poem
composed of three unrhymed lines of five,
seven, and five syllables. Haiku poetry
originated in the sixteenth century and
reflects on some aspect of nature and
creates images.
 Idyll
Poetry Types are either short poems
depicting a peaceful, idealized country
scene, or long poems that tell a story
about ancient heroes. The word is derived
from the Greek word 'eidyllion' meaning
"little picture". Also spelled Idyl.
 Imagery
Poems draw the reader into
poetic experiences by touching on the
images and senses which the reader
already knows. The use of images in this
type of poetry serves to intensify the
impact of the work.
 Limericks
are short sometimes bawdy,
humorous poems of consisting of five
Anapaestic lines. Lines 1, 2, and 5 of a
Limerick have seven to ten syllables and
rhyme with one another. Lines 3 and 4
have five to seven syllables and also
rhyme with each other. Edward Lear is
famous for his Book of Nonsense which
included the poetry form of Limericks.
 Lyric
Poetry consists of a poem, such as a
sonnet or an ode, that expresses the
thoughts and feelings of the poet. The term
lyric is now commonly referred to as the
words to a song. Lyric poetry does not tell
a story which portrays characters and
actions. The lyric poet addresses the
reader directly, portraying his or her own
feeling, state of mind, and perceptions.
A
Name Poem, or Acrostic Poem, tells
about the word. It uses the letters of the
word for the first letter of each line.
 Odes
are long poems which are serious in
nature and written to a set structure. John
Keats's "Ode on a Grecian Urn" and "Ode
To A Nightingale" are probably the most
famous examples of this type of poem.
A
Quatrain Poetry Type or literary term is
a stanza or poem of four lines. Lines 2 and
4 must rhyme. Lines 1 and 3 may or may
not rhyme. Rhyming lines should have a
similar number of syllables.
 The
word 'Refrain' derives from the Old
French word refraindre meaning to repeat.
Refrain Poetry Term is a phrase, line, or
group of lines that is repeated throughout
a poem, usually after each stanza. A
famous example of a refrain are the
words " Nothing More" and “Nevermore”
which are repeated in “The Raven” by
Edgar Allan Poe.
 English
(or Shakespearean) sonnets are
lyric poems that are 14 lines long falling
into three coordinate quatrains and a
concluding couplet. Italian (or Petrarchan)
sonnets are divided into two quatrains and
a six-line sestet.
 Stop
whining about it.
 Get rid of the idea that reading a poem
will change your life.
 Read it out loud.
 Meet the poem on its terms, not yours.
 Stop whining about it.
 There are really only two types of poems:
easy to get; hard to get: you will never
know which is which.
I
have said no whining, right?
 If you don’t know a word look it up.
 There’s no such thing as a “hidden
meaning” this is not a murder mystery.
 You can’t paraphrase a poem.
 Separate the speaker from the author.
 Be careful applying the word “ironic”.
 It is okay to not understand something. It’s
no okay to assume that it’s the poem’s fault.
 Reading
poetry seldom gives you
something to talk about. Point of fact,
reading poetry usually silences you.
 Some day when you are old and all the
stuff you own is merely crap that clutters
up the hallways these poems and your
ability to understand, appreciate, love and
hate them will still have value.
 No
whining.