Presented by Julie Diotte
Capital
• Bourdieu – 3 fundamental types of capital
– Economic
– Social
– Cultural
• Marx’s theory (economics)
• Impact on an individual’s life
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Capital – 3 fundamental types
Economic Capital
• Money = power
• Basis of social and cultural capitals
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Capital – 3 fundamental types
Economic Capital
Economic capital
Social networks
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Capital – 3 fundamental types
Cultural Capital
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Education
Language
Vertical transmission of practices
Accumulated knowledge
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Capital – 3 fundamental types
Social Capital
• Eclectic definition
• 3 founding fathers = 3 definitions
– Bourdieu, Coleman and Putnam
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTvbf1WVY
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EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Social Capital
• Pierre Bourdieu
– “Aggregation of the actual or potential resources
which are linked to possession of a durable
network of more or less institutionalized
relationships of mutual acquaintance and
recognition”
– Group membership, relationships, and networks of
influence and support
– Individualistic
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Social Capital
• Bourdieu
– Social capital helps maintain social inequalities
within society
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Social Capital
• Pierre Bourdieu
– Negative effects of social capital as well
• Low SES
• Crime and violence
– Reinforces inequality
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Social Capital
• James Coleman
– “variety of entities with two elements in common:
they all consist of some aspect of social structure,
and they facilitate certain actions of actors..
within the structure”
– social + economic theory  politics
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Social Capital
• Robert Putnam
– “collective value of all social networks and the
inclination that arise from these networks to do
things for each other”
– form of social relationship, through
organization, norms, and trust that promote
coordination and cooperation for mutual
benefits
– Democracy / community
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Analysis
• Quantitatively/ qualitatively
• Search for words related to SC
– Coded then analyzed
• Sense of identity, sense of belonging, belief
systems and ideologies, family life, groups,
networks, trust, solidarity, collection action and
cooperation, community, information and
communication, social cohesion and inclusion
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Framework model
Operationalization of the concept
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Criticisms
• Three founding fathers = three definitions
– variation
• Subjectivity
• Difficult to calculate the exact amount of social
capital volume for an individual
• Limits to access of Bourdieu’s work on social
capital
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Strengths
• Applied to both qualitative and quantitative
research
• Methodologies make it easier for the researchers
to collect the data
• Useful in acknowledgment of social variations and
health inequalities in a society
• Applied to health and well-being, as SC is a social
determinant of health that has an impact on the
individual’s life
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Social Capital and health
• How can social capital be useful when it comes
to health inequalities?
– According to the 2003 Health Canada report
Social Capital as a Health Determinant. How is
it Defined, social capital is now considered as a
social determinant of health.
– Recent studies have demonstrated the
importance of SC and health.
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Social Capital and health
• Difficult to separate gender + social capital
when it comes to health
−Gender role= men tend to have riskier
behaviour
−Social capital = positive effect on health
• Strong social ties, social support and
social participation
• 1/3 mortality rate
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Social Capital and health
• Back to Bourdieu’s equation of practice..
– SES influences capital, field, habitus -> impact
on practices
• Practices, e.g. sports & PA, leisure and
nutrition
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Concluding thoughts
• Social capital = resources available to the
individual through his/her social network
• Very broad concept, used in a variety of
disciplines, from economics and politics to health
and social inequalities.
• Useful to apply to health as it helps understand the
social inequalities within and between
communities that result in health inequalities.
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
References
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Botanski, L (1971). Les usages sociaux du corps. In Annales : Economie, Societe, Civilisation, 26, 205-233.
Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction : A Social critique of the jugement of taste. (R. Nice, Trans.) Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press
Bourdieu, P. (1986): The Forms of Capital, in: Richardson, J. G. (ed.): Handbook of Theory and Research for the
Sociology of Education, New York/Westport/London, pp. 241-258.
Coleman, J. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. The American Journal of Sociology.94, pp.
S95-S120.
Crossley, N. (2008). Social class. In Grenfell, M. Pierre Bourdieu: Key Concepts. (pp 87-101). Stocksfield: Acumen.
Fields, J. (2003). Social capital. (pp.1-146.) London: Routledge
Hyyppä, M. (2010). Health Ties. (pp. 1-165). Finland: Springer Netherlands
Kawachi, I., Colditz, G., Ascherio, A., Rimm, E., Giovannucci, E., Stampfer, M. & Willett, W.
(1996). A
prospective study of social networks in relation to total mortality and cardiovasculat disease in men in the USA. In
Journal of Epistemology and Community Health, 50, 245-251.
Kawachi, I., Kim, D. (2008). Social capital and health. (pp.1-292). New York: Springer.
Laberge, S. & Kay, J. (2002). Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theory and sport practice. In Macguire,J. & Young, K.
Theory, Sport & Society. (pp.239-267). Oxford: Elsevier.
Moore, R. (2008). Capital. In Grenfell, M. Pierre Bourdieu: Key Concepts, (pp. 101-119). Stocksfield: Acumen.
Putnam,R. (1993) The Prosperous Community,” The American Prospect 4(13). (pp.61-72)
Swartz, D.L. & Zolberg, V.L. (2005). In memorian: Pierre Bourdieu 1930-2002. In After Bourdieu: Influence,
Critique, Elaboration. (pp.17-23). Boston : Kluwer Academics
Verbrugge, L.M. (1989). The twain meet: empirical explanations of sex differences in health and mortality. In
Journal of Health Social Behaviour, 30, 282-304.
World Health Organization (2010) Addressing socioeconomic and gender inequities in the WHO European Region
Social and gender inequalities in environment and health. Retrieved from:
http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/76519/Parma_EH_Conf_pb1.pdf
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte