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CHAPTER 5: NOMENCLATURE
Ms. Doshi
Lead Acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2
Romans in the Roman Empire
Boiled wine in a lead-lined vessel
-makes sapa syrup.
-major part of sapa syrup: lead acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2
-common name: sugar acetate because of its sweet taste
Lead may have caused the fall of the Roman Empire because many
people had lead poisoning. Many people think lead poisoning caused
mental disease.
Today, we can get lead poisoning from our water systems. Lead-based
solder were used to connect copper pipes. When water runs through
these copper pipes, lead enters the water and we can drink it.
Naming Compounds
Before we had a system, we had many common
names for compounds.
Examples of common names:
sugar, gypsum, laughing gas
BUT
there are more than 4 million chemical
compounds, so scientists created a system for
naming compounds.
Binary Compounds
binary compound
-compound with 2 elements
There are two classes:
1.compound with a metal and nonmetal
2.compound with 2 nonmetals
Binary Ionic Compound
binary ionic compound
-contains a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion)
binary ionic compound = cation + anion
Memorization Aid:
Anion has a “n” in it.
“n” is the beginning letter in negative.
The anion is the negative ion.
Type I cations
Examples:
Na+, Ca2+, Cs+, Al3+
These metal ions only form one cation.
The Na atom can only form Na+, never Na2+
Found in Group 1, Group 2 elements of the
periodic table, and some Group 3 elements, like
aluminum and gallium.
Type II cations
Examples:
Cr atom can form Cr2+ and Cr3+
Cu atom can form Cu+ and Cu2+
These atoms can form two(or more) cations that
have different charges.
Occurs most often with transition metals.
Memorize this!
Common cations and anions and their names.
Looking at the Periodic Table
Naming Type I Ionic Compounds
1. Name the cation first, then the anion.
2. A simple cation takes its name from the
element
Example: Na+ is sodium
3. A simple anion is named by taking the first
part of the element name (root) and adding
–ide.
Example: Cl- is chloride
Now you try:
Name these Type 1 Binary Compounds:
NaI
CaO
KI
CaS
CsBr
MgO
Example 5.1 & Exercise 5.1
Name each binary compound:
a)CsF
b)AlCl3
c)MgI2
d)Rb2O
e)SrI2
f)K2S
Charges-Let’s Review
The net charge on an ionic compound is always
zero!
a)CsF
b)AlCl3
c)MgI2
p.119
Type II Binary Ionic Compounds
Metals that form more than 1 type of metal:
Examples:
lead (Pb) can be Pb2+ or Pb4+
iron (Fe) can be Fe2+ or Fe3+
chromium (Cr) can be Cr2+ or Cr3+
gold(Au) can be Au+ or Au3+
What is gold chloride?
Is it AuCl or AuCl3?
We don’t know. So we need a different naming
system for Type II metals.
Looking at the Periodic Table
Example FeCl2
Look at charges on cation to name the compound.
We know: Fe can be Fe2+ or Fe3+
(?+) + 2(1-) = 0
We know: ? =2
because (2+) + 2(1-) = 0
Therefore, the compound must have
one Fe2+ ion and two Cl- ions.
And is called iron(II) chloride.
Example PbO2
Look at charges on cation to name the compound.
Now look at PbO2
(?+) + 2(2-) = 0
We know: ? =4
because (4+) + 2(2-) = 0
Therefore, the charge on the lead ion is 4+ to
balance the 4- charge of the two oxide ions.
The name of PbO2 is lead(IV) oxide.
Rules for naming Type II Ionic Compounds
1. Name the cation first and the anion second.
2. The cation can have more than one charge.
Always show the charge in Roman numerals.
Now, you try:
Give the systematic name of each of the
following compounds:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
CuCl
HgO
Fe2O3
MnO2
PbCl4
f) CoBr2
g) CaCl2
h) Al2O3
i) CrCl3
Extra Practice!
Give the systematic name of each of the
following compounds:
Flow Chart to Help!
Naming Binary Compounds that contain only
Nonmetals (Type III)
Rules:
The first element is named first,
and the full element name is used
first.
The second element is named,
like an anion.
Prefixes are used to show the
number of atoms.
The prefix –mono is NEVER used
to name the first element.
Looking at the Periodic Table
Now, you try
Name the following binary compounds, which
contain two nonmetals (Type III):
a) BF3
b) NO
c) N2O3
d) CCl4
e) NO2
f) IF5
Naming Type III Binary Compounds: Summary
Review
Type I: Ionic compounds with
metals that always from a
cation with the same charge.
Type II:
Ionic compounds with metals
(usually transition metals) that
form cations with various
charges.
Type III: Compounds that
contain ONLY nonmetals.
Summary (You do it)
Name the following
binary compounds.
Name the following
binary compounds.
a)CuO
b)SrO
c) B2O3
d)TiCl4
e)K2S
f) OF2
g)NH3
a)CIF3
b)VF5
c) CuCl
d)MnO2
e)MgO
f) H2O
Naming Compounds that
Contain Polyatomic Ions
polyatomic ions
-charged entities made of many atoms
Example: NH4NO3 contains these polyatomic ions:
NH4+ and NO3oxyanions
-polyatomic anions that contain an atom of a given
element and different number of oxygen atoms.
Give for Test
Need to give memory aid to students.
Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
1. Similar to Type I binary ionic compounds
Example:
NH4C2H3O2 is ammonium acetate.
2. When you see a metal that can form one or more
cation, use a Roman Numeral. Similar to Type II binary
ionic compounds.
Example: FeSO4 is iron(II) sulfate
Now, you try!
Name the following compounds
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Na2CO3
FeBr3
CsClO4
PCl3
CuSO4
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
NaHCO3
BaSO4
CsClO4
BrF5
NaBr
KOCl
Zn3(PO4)2
Naming Acids
acid:
-a molecule with one or more H+ ions attached
to an anion
Rules (in your textbook)
Use Rule 2
Acid
HClO4
Anion
perchlorate
Name
perchloric acid
HClO3
chlorate
chloric acid
HClO2
chlorite
chlorous acid
HClO
hypochlorite
hypochlorous
acid
Names of acids that do not contain
oxygen
Names of some acids that contain
Oxygen
Write the Formulas from Names
Chapter 5 Review Questions
4, 8, 10, 12, 14,
24, 26, 28, 30, 34,
38, 42, 44, 46, 48
Answers are in your textbook!
Any Questions?
Any Answers?
Any Comments?