Ch. 9 and 10 Powerpoint Notes
ISLAM means submission to Allah
The followers of Islam are called Muslims
Mohammad
Muslims view Muhammad as the last prophet and messenger of God, through which their holy book was revealed
around 620.
Other prophets of the Muslims are Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.
Images of Muhammad or God/Allah are not permitted in the Islamic faith.
The Qur'an/Koran The holy book of the Muslims It contains many similar books found in the Bible
The Five Pillars of Islam
Faith – believe in one God, Allah
Prayer - five times a day
Charity – give to the mosque and to people less fortunate
Fasting - during Ramadan (28 days of fasting during daylight hours)
Pilgrimage - to Mecca (a city in Saudi Arabia with the Kaaba or Cube)
Islam in the World
Predominately in Sahara Africa, the Middle East and Indonesia.
The country with the most Muslims is Indoesia
Sunni and Shiite Muslims
The majority of Muslims (85%) are Sunni Muslims.
Most Shiites live in Iran and Iraq.
The differences go back to when Mohammad died and who would be the successors.
Islam’s Golden Age
The Arab Muslims absorbed the cultures from the Greeks, Romans, Persians, Byzantines and Jews.
Goods and Knowledge passed through the Middle East from China, India, and from Europe
Arab Achievements
Advanced algebra and geometry
Gave Europeans the number symbols
created wonderful textiles, leather works, rugs, mosaics, and calligraphy
Learned the function of the heart
The most spoken languages of the world are English, Mandarin, Hindi, Spanish, French then Arabic
Africa Gold-Salt Trade
for a while, salt was as valuable as gold.
Timbuktu became a center for learning because of the wealth generated by the gold salt trading.
The Ottoman Empire
In 1453 the Ottoman Turks defeated the Byzantine Empire.
At the height of the empire in 1550, Suleiman the Magnificent ruled.
The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan for his favorite wife who died in childbirth
it combined Persian, Turkish and Indian architectural styles
The Sikhs Believe in reincarnation AND one god, which is unusual
The men do not cut their hair and usually place it under a turban.
They believe in moderation: eat, sleep, talk, possessions.
The Tang Dynasty
Prior to the Tang Dynasty China had been in a period of turmoil and unrest (e.g. the Middle Ages)
After several centuries the Tang Dynasty reunited China and went through a Golden Age (e.g. the Renaissance)
i.e. = in other words
e.g. = for example
The Song Dynasty inventions Paper currency Standard coins Acupuncture Gunpowder in war Grand Canal
Compass Movable type in printing Foot binding
The Mongol Empire
Ghengis Khan united the Mongol tribes in 1206, then conquered much of Asia. His soldiers were excellent horsemen
and archers.
Kublai Khan grandson of Ghengis
united northern and southern China
became friends with Marco Polo
Marco Polo
traveled with his father overland to China from Venice in the 1270s.
He became friends with Kublai Khan and stayed for 20 years, being a governor and traveling the empire
When he returned he wrote a best selling book about his travels while in prison during war with Naples.
The Ming Dynasty
built the imperial palace known as the Forbidden City.
explored the east coast Africa in 1430
Exploring ceased when the new ruler felt their way of life was perfect and that only harmful change would come if they
continued to explore the seas.
Ivan the Great gained independence from the Mongols in 1480 and expanded Muscovy’s territory (brown area on map).
JAPAN
Japan’s Feudal System
The Emperor had little power
Shoguns were military governors
Noble land owners kept Samurai Warriors (knights)
The peasants worked the land
THE END