Nelson/ IB History Year II
Identifications for Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong):
For each of the following terms, be able to answer the five Ws and most importantly be
able to explain how each is connected to Mao’s rise to power or to his dictatorship.
Circumstances of Mao’s Rise:
Manchu Dynasty
Unequal Treaties
Empress Dowager Cixi
The Boxer Rebellion
Chinese Revolution of 1911 (The Monarchy steps down and the Nationalists take power)
Dr. Sun Yatsen
Yuan Shikai (Presidency 1912-1916)
The Wuchang rebellion (October 10, 1911) “The Double Tenth”
Guomindang (GMD)
Three Principles
Japan’s Twenty-One Demands (1915)
Warlords
China’s Peasant/ Agrarian PopulationWorld War I (The Great War)
Paris Peace Conference (WWI)
The May Fourth Movement against the Paris Peace Conference
The New Tide
Chinese Communist Party (est. 1921) (CCP)
Abram Joffe
Chiang Kaishek –“The Generalissimo”
March to the North (July 1926)
Unification of China, 1928
Warlords: Feng Yuxiang & Yan Xishan
National Government
Jiangxi Soviet (The Chinese Soviet Republic)
Chinese Red Army
Chiang Kaishek’s Purges (extermination campaigns) 1930-34
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Mao’s Rise to Power:
Mao Tse Tung
Jiangxi Province
General Hans von Seeckt (General for the National Government)
Blockhouse Strategy
Otto Braun (Russian military leader allied with communists)
Zunyi (The point at which Mao gains control of the party, Russia withdraws support, Braun countered)The Long March (October 1934-October 1935)
Yanan Province
The Yanan Era (1935-1946)
Guerilla Tactics:
Japan Threatens China: (1931-1937):
The Manchurian Incident (1931)
Manchu Land
Japanese Expansion 1931-1937
The Rape of Nanking
Zhang Zueliang
Guomindang
Yanan Soviet
The Xian Incident, December 1936 (Chiang Kaishek taken prisoner by his own General)
A United Front 1937
Sino-Japanese War 1937-1945 (Japan China War)
USA Declaration of War on Japan (Pearl Harbor) December 1941
The Burma Road
Hundred Regiments Battle (1940)
Three All Campaign
Chinese Liberation Areas
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Faults of Mao’s Opposition:
Guomindang
Chiang Kaishek
Trained in the West
Generalissimo
The “Blueshirts”- Chiang’s political police force
The New Life Movement
Economic Strife- inflation,
Rural Service
Lack of addressing the plight of the peasants
Chinese Civil War and Mao’s Victory:
Sino-Japanese Conflict 1937-1945
Possible topics for organization of Mao’s
Initial actions once he secured power:
The Xian Incident, 1936
A United Front 1937
Chinese Civil War, 1946-1949
Red Army (the People’s Liberation Army) PLARed Army’s Rules of Discipline
Lin Biao, Communist General
People’s Republic of China (October 1, 1949)
Tienanmen Square, Beijing
Taiwan
Rights of Women
Land Reform
Economic Reforms
Removal of opposition & unity
Propaganda
Cult of Mao Zedong
1st Five Year Plan (1952-1957)
The Great Leap Forward (1958)
The Cultural Revolution (1966-1969)
The Common Program “the People’s Democratic Dictatorship”
Democratic Centralism
Chairman Mao Zedong
Prime Minister Zhou Enlai
1950 Marriage Law
Agrarian Land Reform Law- 1950
Mutual Aid Teams
“thought reform”
Three Antis Campaign
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1st Five Year Plan (1952-1957)”
Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance (Sino-Soviet agreement)Death of Stalin-1953
Lower-stage cooperatives
The Hundred Flowers- 1956- a “safety valve” to help vent the intellectuals discontent
Anti Rightist Purge- 1957-1958, “Rightists” – label for those whom Mao wished to purge
“The year that Mao transformed from a populist to a dictator.”
Mao toured the country- 1957
The Great Leap Forward- 1958
Collectivization- “boot strap development” - bottom up
Chaos of the Great Leap
Farming Crisis
Famine of 1959-1960 - Led to the death of 20-30 million people
Rise of Moderates
Communes
“backyard steel furnaces”
Rise of Moderates
Politburo
The Cultural Revolution 1966-1969 - “The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution”
Socialist Education Movement (1962)
‘four clean-ups campaign’The Little Red Book
Lin Biao- Head of the Army, Allied with Mao
Jiang Qing (Mao’s wife) “Madam Mao”- Mao’s 4th wife- Declared Artist Advisor to the Army of the People
Politician of the Arts- control of the arts, censorship of all foreign art
Red Guards - student groups
Struggle Sessions- (Show Trials held by the Red Guards in public)
‘Four Olds’ Campaign
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Opposition to Mao Grows- 1969-1976Rise of Moderates
Lin Biao, Defense Minister under Mao and head of the PLA (Went against Mao, Plane crashed when fleeing to USSR)
Zhou Enlai, Prime Minister
Deng Xiaoping, Deputy Prime Minister
“52”
Project 571
The Gang of Four- Jiang Qing, & Three Radical politicians from Shanghai
Division of the Right and Left- struggle 1974-1976
Right’s Plan- Four Modernizations
Tiananmen Square
Ping Pong Diplomacy
Nixon visits China February 21, 1972 (arranged by Secretary of State Kissinger)
Death of Mao Zedong, September 9, 1976
The Gang of Four: Madam Mao (Jiang Qing), Zhang Chunquiao, Yao Wenyuan, Wang Hongwen
Chairman Mao Mausoleum
Keys to Mao’s Rise to PowerPeasant Appeal- Beginning with the Long March, his personality, consistent loyalty to the masses (seen in the economic
policy, military, relationship with Stalin…etc)- Mao was a common man, a peasant himself, basic simplicity- “charming
vultarities”- Raised to mythical status, Mao was a Living Legend following the Great March.
War with Japan as a means to weaken his domestic enemies and to gain popular support (“United China”)Popular support of the student population- Raised to a mythical status.Utilization of a common enemy: Japan, Rightists, Capitalists, Americans, USSR “Anti-revisionists”
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