Pat Sine
Office of Educational Technology
College of Human Resources, Education & Public Policy
University of Delaware
Topics






Technology strategic planning
Purchasing hardware and software
Security
Networking
Your presence on the web
Online communications tools
March 2008
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Strategic Technology
Planning
Elements of Strategic
Planning
March 2008
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Pointers for Strategic
Planning


Keep focus on the goals of the organization
Use the plan as an ongoing map – not a task
to be completed

If you don’t know…get an expert

Question all experts!
March 2008
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Budgeting

TCO – Total Cost of Ownership

70 / 30 rule
◦ 30% -> initial purchase of hardware, software and
peripherals
◦ 70% ->technical support, repairs, training and
upgrades
March 2008
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Planning Resources

Tech Soup
www.techsoup.org

Tech Atlas –
Online Tech Plan Development Tool
techatlas.org/tools/default.asp
March 2008
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Stakeholders

Decision makers across the organization

Clients to be served

Staff and volunteers who will use the
technology
March 2008
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So… decide on your general software needs
first.


Bits
Bytes
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



March 2008
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
Peta
103
106
109
1012
1015
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Basic Hardware Decisions
What kind of machine?

Windows or Macintosh?
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Desktop, laptop, tablet?

Desktop and laptop?
March 2008
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Basic Hardware Decisions
• Processor type and speed
• Measured in GHz
• Dual, Quad and 8 Core
• Windows (1.8 to 2.4)
• Intel Core Duo Series
• AMD Athlon™ 64 X2 Dual-Core
• Mac (1.8 to 2.2)
• Intel Core 2 Duo processor
March 2008
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Basic Hardware Decisions
 Memory
– RAM
Measured in MB or GB
 Preferably 1- 2 GB


March 2008
(some specs say 512, but weigh
it against later update costs)
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Basic Hardware Decisions
 Hard
drive size
◦ Measured in GB
◦ 150 GB and up
◦ More in a desktop (price
limitations)
◦ More to store multimedia
March 2008
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Basic Hardware Decisions

Optical Drives
◦ DVD ROM & CD R/W (the old
way)
◦ CDRW/DVD Combo (2006)
◦ CD writer / DVD
◦ CD/DVD writer
March 2008
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Basic Hardware Decisions

Connectivity
◦ Modem – 56 Kbps (but for how long)
◦ Network card – 1Gbps
◦ Wireless adapter – 802.11b/g
◦ heading for 802.11n
March 2008
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Other Hardware Decisions
Things you don’t need to think about, much.

Monitors – DVI capable
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Mouse and keyboard
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Video cards
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Sound cards
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Modems
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Ethernet (network) connectivity
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Wireless access in a notebook
March 2008
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Even More Hardware Decisions

What else?
◦ Backup devices and data transport
 CD-R, CD-RW, DVD +/-RW
 Tape
 Thumb drive (pen, USB, flash, jump)
 Direct Attached Storage (e.g., Drobo)
◦ Printers, scanners, digital cameras
March 2008
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The biggest mistake to avoid…
Waiting just one more week for the prices to
drop and the technology to stabilize.
March 2008
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One More Hardware Decision

What about recycled computers?
 www.techsoup.org/recycle/index.cfm

March 2008
TCO – Total Cost of Ownership
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Software Characteristics

Compatibility

Capability

Stability

Scalability

Ease of Use

Longevity and Support
March 2008
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Software Categories

Commercial or purchased

Free
◦ Open Source
◦ Shareware
◦ Freeware
◦ Public Domain
March 2008
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What’s Available For Free
Office Suite
OpenOffice
Web
Browsers
Internet Explorer
Mozilla Firefox
E-mail
clients
Outlook Express
Mozilla Thunderbird
Non-profit
Databases
E-base
Etapestry
Look for software at download.com or tucows.com
March 2008
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What’s Available For Free Online
March 2008
Word Processor,
Spreadsheet,
Presentation
Google Docs
E-mail
Gmail or Yahoo Mail
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Purchasing Software
Donated and Discount Products
for Nonprofits
◦ TechSoup Stock
◦ www.techsoup.org/stock
March 2008
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Using Online Apps

Google Apps
◦ Free for Nonprofits
◦ www.google.com/a
March 2008
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What Else?

Virus and Spyware Protection!
◦ AVG Antivirus free.grisoft.com
◦ Windows Defender
www.microsoft.com/athome/security/spyware/software/default.mspx
◦ TechSoup: Virus Protection Resource Page

Firewall
◦ Built-in Windows Firewall
◦ Your wireless or network router
March 2008
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Databases: Powerful, Somewhat
more daunting, but Priceless

Capabilities
◦ Next step after spreadsheets for organizing data
◦ Can grow with the organization

ebase and eTapestry
◦ Specifically for non-profits to conduct business
March 2008
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Tech Skills Considerations



How will you train all your staff to use
technology to improve productivity?
How will you reward those who do excel
and encourage those who shy away?
As your operations become more
computer-based, what will you do about
technophobes?
March 2008
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Tech Skills Considerations

Technology Literacy Benchmarks for
Nonprofit Organizations
(2002)
www.benton.org/publibrary/stratcom/techlit.pdf
◦ Guidelines for assessing how the organization is managing
technology and staff
March 2008
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Categories of Malware

Infectious
◦ Viruses
 A program or piece of code that is designed to replicate itself and
spread from file to file, usually attaching itself to applications.
Replicates itself via the network or email.
◦ Worms
 A program or algorithm that replicates itself over a computer
network without user intervention and usually performs malicious
actions.
Source: Jeff MacArthur, commandNpodcast, October 12, 2007
March 2008
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Categories of Malware

Concealment
◦ Trojan Horses
 A destructive program that masquerades as a benign
application.
◦ RootKits
 modifies operating system
◦ Backdoors
March 2008
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Categories of Malware

For Profit
◦ Spyware
 Send info back to someone who uses it for commercial
profit or redirects to a profit site
◦ Botnets
◦ Key Loggers
◦ Dialers
March 2008
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Defenses

Virus and Malware scanner, along with
antivirus/malware software
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OS updates
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Only download from trusted sites or the program
creator’s site
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Think twice about installing software
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Use a firewall
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Use wireless access controls – WEP and WPA
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No unnecessary rights (ie., no extra administrators)
 Vista UAC
 Apple’s password protection for software installs
March 2008
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Invasions: the enemy outside
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Hacking and Cracking
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Viruses
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Worms
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Trojan Horses
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Hoaxes
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Phishing and pharming
March 2008
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User Practices: the enemy inside
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Insecure passwords
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Posted passwords
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Poor back up practices
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Internet firewall non-use
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Lack of virus software updates
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Lack of OS and other software updates
March 2008
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Broadband
Connecting To The Internet
March 2008
Dial-up
56Kbps
DSL
Generally 1-3 Mbps (distancedependent, asymmetrical)
FiOS
5-30 Mbps (“fiber to the home”)
Cable
Generally 384 Kbps (upload) - 6
Mbps (asymmetrical, shared)
T1
1.5Mbps (symmetrical,
dedicated)
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Types Of Local Area Networks

Peer-to-Peer
◦ Local
◦ Virtual

Client-Server
March 2008
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Peer-to-peer Networking
Router
Source: Techsoup.org,
www.techsoup.org/articlepage.cfm?ArticleID=210&topicid=3
March 2008
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Client-server Networking
Router
Router
Source: Techsoup.org,
www.techsoup.org/articlepage.cfm?ArticleID=210&topicid=3
March 2008
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Why A Server?
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Authentication
E-mail
Applications
File and Print Servers
Security
Backups
Why not on the Internet?
March 2008
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When A Server?

4 or fewer ► Peer-to-Peer - maybe
20 or more ► Client/Server

In between ► determine by

◦ Business practice
◦ Availability of network support staff
March 2008
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Reaching Further on the Network

Internet

LAN – Local Area Network

VPN – Virtual Private Network
◦ Single site network
◦ Network that uses public wires to allow access to a
network (usually a LAN)
March 2008
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
General information – puts you on the map

Disseminate special materials more efficiently

“Any time” connections

Create a library of materials

Involve new people less intrusively
March 2008
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Where to Publish





Space from your connection provider
Local server
Vendors
Web Hosting
You must have a domain name for your
organization
March 2008
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Where to Publish

Criteria for a Web Hosting Service
◦ FindMyHosting: Web Host Guide
www.findmyhosting.com/webhosting-guide.htm
◦ How to Choose a Web Host by Christopher
Heng
www.thesitewizard.com/archive/findhost.shtml

FindMyHosting
◦
www.findmyhosting.com/
March 2008
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Skills Needed for a Great Site

Publications – writing & organizing

Graphics arts

Technical
March 2008
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
Brochure - static

Magazine – regular updates


Direct Mail Appeal – tied to membership or
outreach database
Community – closer to a portal
Source: The Stages of Site Development, Rick Christ
March 2008
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NPO Web Site Samples

Center for Democracy &Technology


Creative Mentoring


www.cdt.org/
www.creativementoring.org/index.shtml
OceanHealth.org

March 2008
oceanhealth.org/
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Blogging

Web logs
Weblogs
Blogs

Nonprofit Blog Exchange

A Nonprofit's Guide to the Blogosphere
nonprofitblogexchange.blogspot.com/
www.techsoup.org/learningcenter/internet/page5509.cfm?cg=s
earchterms&sg=blogging
March 2008
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1.
To report back from an event or conference
2.
To involve staff and take advantage of their knowledge
3.
To involve volunteers and document their work
4.
To provide resources and information to constituents
5.
To provide resources and information from constituents
6.
To give constituents a place to voice their opinion
7.
To give constituents support
8.
To create the media coverage constituents want
9.
To give constituents the power and tools to create change
10.
To reach potential donors
Source:Netsquared.org,
http://www.netsquared.org/blog/britt-bravo/
10-ways-nonprofits-can-use-blogs
March 2008
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Asynchronous
Communication
March 2008

Email

Listservs

Blogs

Wikis
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E-mail

Netiquette

Management and storage

Clarity

Lists managed through an Address book
March 2008
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Listservs
 “Chatty”
Charity Channel Forums
charitychannel.com/forums/index.asp
 E-zines
or newsletters
 Do-it-yourself
◦ Yahoo! Groups
◦ Google Groups
March 2008
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Synchronous Communication

Chatrooms

Instant Messaging

Video conferencing

Skype
March 2008
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AOL Instant Messenger
March 2008
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Skype
March 2008
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Great Sources of
Additional Help
TechSoup
www.techsoup.org
NetSquared
www.netsquared.org
March 2008
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Materials for this presentation can
be found at
www.udel.edu/sine/nonprof