 What
is the purpose of using someone else’s
words in your paper? Why do in-text citations
help?
 Please
place your introduction graphic
organizer OR your introduction paragraph in
bin #1
 Collect
introduction paragraphs
 In-text citations
 Body paragraphs
 “Where I’m From”
 Homework:


Start working on your body paragraphs
EdPuzzle: due Monday
 Due
Monday by midnight
 If you have forgotten your user log in… come
see me
 DO NOT create a new account
 Passwords?
Class poll
A Quick “How-To”
 In-text
citations allow you to place textual
evidence in your paper that make your
assertions STRONGER
 We use them to help build our arguments
 We
cite!
 If they are not our words/ideas, we must
give credit to the individual who did.
 We need to tell where we got the
information
 The information in our paper MUST match
the information in our works cited.
 Any
thing not from your brain needs to be
cited
 Any words that aren’t your own have to be
cited
 Any number or statistic or photo/graphic
must be immediately cited
 Any time you use someone else’s thoughts
and don’t cite them you are plagiarizing.
 This
means that the author's last name and
the page number(s) must appear in the text,
and a complete reference should appear on
your Works Cited page.
 The
author's name can appear in the
sentence itself but the page number(s)
should always appear in the parentheses. For
example:
 According
to Elliott George, The Jim Crow
Laws “were designed to separate members of
racial minorities—specifically African
Americans—from mainstream white society”
(6).
 **This form can only be done if you have a
page number
 The
author's name can appear solely in
parentheses following the quotation or
paraphrase, but the page number(s) should
always appear in the parentheses. For
example:
 The
Jim Crow Laws “were designed to
separate members of racial minorities—
specifically African Americans—from
mainstream white society” (George 6).
 When
a source has no known author, use a
shortened title of the work instead of an
author name.
 “The
term ‘Jim Crow’ typically refers to
repressive laws and customs once used to
restrict black rights, but the origin of the
name itself actually dates back to before the
Civil War” (“Was Jim Crow a Real Person?”).
"Was Jim Crow a Real Person?"
History.com. A&E Television Networks, 29 Jan.
2014. Web. 13 Oct. 2014.
 Include
in the text the first item that
appears in the Work Cited entry that
corresponds to the citation (e.g. author
name, article name, website name, film
name).
 You do not need to give paragraph numbers
or page numbers based on your Web
browser’s print preview function.
Practice! What would you put in the
parentheses for these sources? We
will do #1 together.
In-text citation would
appear as the following:
1. (“Blue Print Lays Out
Clear Path”).
2. (Dean).
3. (Gowdy 33).
4. (Shulte).
5. (Uzawa 122-134).
 Paraphrase:
putting a passage in your own
words (confusing words/language)
 Summary:
summarizing the main point
 Once
you finish paraphrasing/summarizing
what an author says, you place a citation in
parentheses after that summarization.
 You do not use quotation marks

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




The original passage:
Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a
result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only
about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted
matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact
transcribing of source materials while taking notes.
Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.
A legitimate paraphrase:
In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep
quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually
originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material
recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).
An acceptable summary:
Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to
help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester
46-47).
 The
ellipses (…)
 You
can always take part of your sentence
out if you feel like it is too long, too wordy,
or irrelevant to your topic.
 “You
can always take part of your sentence
out…”
 “…if you feel like it is too long, too wordy, or
irrelevant to your topic”
 Perhaps
it doesn’t make sense because you
haven’t completed introduced your topic,
and now the reader doesn’t know what “it”
is. You can use a bracket to show that you
changed a word/phrase for clarification.
 “Perhaps
sense…”
[the sentence] doesn’t make
 Common
sense and ethics should determine
your need for documenting sources.
 You do not need to give sources for familiar
proverbs, well-known quotations or common
knowledge.
 Ex: birthdays, dates in history, well-known
historical events
 With
your table partner, work on the
following worksheet to see if you can cite
each source correctly.
 We
will go over this