IMPERIALISM
UNIT 4
Essential Question:
UNIT 4.1
INTRO TO IMPERIALISM
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Imperialism
Nationalism
Imperialist Powers
Alaska
Growth of the U.S. Navy
How is Imperialism similar or
dissimilar to Manifest Destiny?
Compare.
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Alfred T. Mahan
Hawaii – Why?
Hawaii
China
Japan
IMPERIALISM
• Empire - an extensive group of states or
countries under a single supreme authority
NATIONALISM
• Imperialism led to nationalism – the belief
that one’s country is superior and deserving
of admiration
• Theory that Social Darwinism proved that
Western Nations were culturally superior
• Christian Missions – lead to religious tensions
in non-Christian Nations
IMPERIALIST POWERS
• Great Britain
• France
• Belgium
• Germany
• Japan
ALASKA
• Purchased by William Seward (Lincoln’s
Sec. of State) from Russia for $7.2m –
wanted an American Empire
• Known as “Seward’s Ice Box”
GROWTH OF THE U.S. NAVY
• Alfred T. Mahan – “Sea Power” –
Nations with a better Navy have more
impact on the world - led U.S. Navy’s
shift to steam powered ships
HAWAII – WHY?
• Great location for a port – access
to Asia – can grow sugarcane
HAWAII
• King Kalakaua - had Treaty with the US –
made importation of sugar cheap – planters
were very wealthy
• Queen Liliuokalani – Overthrown by
planters with help of U.S. Marines
• Sugar Tycoon – Sanford Dole – Became
President of the Republic of Hawaii
• Hawaii became a U.S. Territory in 1898
CHINA
• Spheres of influence – European
powers had internal control over China
– introduced trade and business
CHINA - CONTINUED
• U.S. Sec. of State John Hay –
demanded “Open Door Policy” to
give all countries equal footing in
China
• Boxer Rebellion – Chinese angered
over Christian influences – European
countries helped to end the rebellion
- exploitation and control increased
JAPAN
• Traditional Society – Feudalism – Based on
Agriculture
• Great White Fleet = U.S. Navy – Japan
realized they were behind, tried to catch
up – led to an industrial and technological
frenzy
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• How is Imperialism similar or dissimilar to Manifest Destiny?
Compare.
UNIT 4.2
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
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Unrest in Cuba
S – USS Maine
L - De Lome Letter
I - Imperialism
P - Propaganda - Yellow Journalism
War in the Philippines
Essential Question:
Explain how war with the Spanish
affected the United States on the world
stage.
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War in Cuba
Results of War
Annexing the Philippines
Controlling Cuba
Controlling Puerto Rico
UNREST IN CUBA
• Cubans revolt against Spanish – Spanish
execute rebel leaders
• Jose Marti – campaigned in America to gain
support for Cuban freedom – killed by
Spanish government
• Spanish General Valeriano Weyler – Leader
in Cuba – ruthless and harsh “Butcher
Weyler”
• Created “relocation camps” for 300,000
Cubans he trusted
S – USS MAINE
• Blew up in Havana Harbor (Cuba) –
260 Americans killed
• Spain was blamed
L – DE LOME LETTER
• Spanish Minister Enrique Dupuy De Lome
bashed President McKinley
• William Randolph Hearst’s newspaper
released it – turned sentiment against
Spanish
I - IMPERIALISM
• The act of creating an
empire - What is an
empire?
P – PROPAGANDA – YELLOW JOURNALISM
• William Randolph Hearst & Joseph
Pulitzer
• Exaggerated stories
• War = big issue
• Big issue = higher newspaper sales
• Higher newspaper sales = $$$
• War = $$$
WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Manila Bay – Commodore George Dewey
defeats Spanish fleet thanks to steel and
iron ships
• Emilio Aguinaldo led Filipino Rebels on
land
• Spanish were surrounded on land and by
sea - surrendered
WAR IN CUBA
• U.S. strategy: Control Santiago
• Battle of San Juan Hill – Led by Theodore
Roosevelt and his “Rough Riders” – American
Victory
• U.S. Navy sank entire Spanish fleet around
Cuba
RESULTS
• U.S. gains control of Cuba,
Puerto Rico, and Guam
• U.S. purchases the
Philippines for $20m
ANNEXING THE PHILIPPINES
• Gains: Economic value through trade and
exploitation – Strategic value with a port
• Problems: Philippines wanted to govern themselves
– Nativists didn’t want Filipino immigrants
• Annexed: 1899 – Freedom Fighters fought against
the US for 3 years
• Legislative Rights: 1916
• Full Independence: July 4th, 1946
CONTROLLING CUBA
• McKinley set up a military government –
Governor of Cuba appointed
• Attempted to end yellow fever by eliminating
standing water
• Cuba drafted a New Constitution
• Platt Amendment - made Cuba a US
Protectorate
CONTROLLING PUERTO RICO
• McKinley set up a military government – governed
as a territory
• Foraker Act of 1900 – U.S. appoints their governor
and upper House Legislature – Puerto Rico elects
their lower House Legislature
• US Citizenship and Full Legislative Powers – 1917
• Self-Governing Commonwealth – 1952 (U.S. still
controlled trade, foreign policy, and military)
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• Explain how war with the Spanish affected the United
States on the world stage.