Genetics- Semester 1 Study Guide
Name: ________________________________________
Genetics- Semester 1 Study Guide
1. List 3 important people in the history of genetics AND explain why they are important to their field.
2. List 2 important events in the history of genetics AND explain why they are so important.
3. Explain why the theories of preformation, spontaneous generation, and fixity of species are all
incorrect.
4. Name and describe Darwin’s theory.
5. Compare diploid number and haploid number.
6. Compare genotype and phenotype.
7. What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance? How is it related to Mendel’s findings?
8. What is genetic variation? Why does nature favor/want variation with in a species? What causes
genetic variation?
9. Are all genetic variations favorable in nature? Defend your answer.
10. Describe the process of protein synthesis. Where does it take place w/in a cell?
11. What is a gene?
Genetics- Semester 1 Study Guide
Name: ________________________________________
12. Where can DNA be found?
13. What does it mean that DNA replication is ‘semi-conservative’?
14. What are the sides of DNA made of?
15. What three things make up nucleotide?
16. What are the 4 bases and how are they paired up?
17. What sugars are found in DNA and RNA?
18. Why is RNA necessary in the process of protein synthesis?
19. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.
20. Be able to label parts of a DNA and RNA strand in the form of a matching question.
21. Describe the process of central dogma.
22. Write the complementary DNA strand: ATT CAG GGT ACG GAA CTG TTC
23. Write the complementary RNA strand: TAC CCT ATG GAA CTA TTG CAC
Genetics- Semester 1 Study Guide
Name: ________________________________________
24. What amino acids do the codons in #18 code for?
25. What are proteins? How do they work in the body?
26. Why do scientists use models to represent proteins?
27. What role do RNA molecules play in coding for proteins?
28. What happens to a protein molecule after it is made.
29. What causes SCA? What happens to the RBCs?
30. What are the genotypes for a person with SCA, a carrier, and a normal person?
31. How are SCA and malaria related?
32. Define and describe genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics.
Genetics- Semester 1 Study Guide
Name: ________________________________________
33. What is a model organism? What is an example? Why are they so useful?
34. What is cloning? Why is it so controversial? (Think back to the bioethics assignment)
35. Preformation
36. Fixity of species
37. Spontaneous generation
A. Gametes do not contain a “mini” person. Instead they contain genetic material that codes for specific
traits.
B. Organisms have not remained unchanged since the beginning of time. Proof for this can be seen in the
extensive fossil record.
C. Life can only come from life.
A
38.
39.
40.
41.
B
Guanine
Thymine
Nitrogenous bases
Sugar/Phosphate backbone
C
D
Genetics- Semester 1 Study Guide
Name: ________________________________________
42. Describe and list the functions for:
a. Cytoskeleton
b. Golgi apparatus
c. ER
d. Mitochondria
e. Chloroplast
f.
Cell wall
g. Vacuole
h. Plasma membrane
i.
Nucleolus
j.
Ribosomes
43. Which of the above are only found in plant cells?
44. Describe the role of the following in the storage, expression, and/or transmission of genetic material:
a. Chromatin
b. Nucleolus
c. Ribosome
d. Centromere
Genetics- Semester 1 Study Guide
Name: ________________________________________
45. Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
46. Describe the centromere location and shape for the following:
a. Metacentric
b. Submetacentric
c. Acrocentric
d. Telocentric
47. Describe a karyotype
48. How are diploid numbers converted to haploid numbers during meiosis?
49. What sex-chromosomes do males have? Females?
50. List the stages of the cell cycle (THERE ARE 5) in order. Which stages make up interphase?
51. Give a short description of what is happening in each of the stages of the cell cycle.
Genetics- Semester 1 Study Guide
Name: ________________________________________
52. List and describe the 3 checkpoints that occur during the cell cycle.
53. Be able to label pictures of a cell undergoing mitosis and the structures shown!
54. Why do cells divide?
55. List the 4 stages of mitosis in order AND give a brief description of what is happening in each.
56. List the stages of meiosis in order AND give a brief description of what is happening in each.
Genetics- Semester 1 Study Guide
Name: ________________________________________
57. List 5 differences between meiosis and mitosis.
58. During which phase does DNA replication take place?
59. What is the importance of crossing over?
60. Why are chromosomes invisible during interphase but visible during the various stages of mitosis?
61. What are histones and what role do they play in the process of DNA replication?
62. List 3 differences between the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
63. What is the significance of the formation of polar bodies?
Genetics- Semester 1 Study Guide
For questions 31-34, use the image to
the right. Designation= the name for that
centromere placement.
64.
65.
66.
67.
Name: ________________________________________
A
Submetacentric
Telocentric
Metacentric
Acrocentric
B
C
D
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
Mitosis
Interphase
B
C
A
D
Genetics- Semester 1 Study Guide
Name: ________________________________________
73. Who was Gregor Mendel? What did he discover? Why was his work so controversial?
74. List and describe examples of artificial selection in animals and plants.
75. Compare self and cross-fertilization in pea plants.
76. Compare the ideas of a pure-bred and hybrid organism.
77. Compare the ideas of dominant and recessive traits.
78. What do the terms P1, F1, and F2 mean?
Genetics- Semester 1 Study Guide
Name: ________________________________________
79. In rabbits, black fur is dominant over white fur. Show the cross of a heterozygous black male with a homozygous
white female.
Key:
Parents & Gametes:
80. Tall is dominant over short in pea plants. Show the cross of a homozygous short plant is crossed with a
homozygous tall plant.
Key:
Parents & Gametes:
Matching/Interpretation (2 pts each)
81. This trait is:
a. Dominant
b. Recessive
82. The gender of individual II4 is:
a. An affected male
b. An affected female
c. An unaffected male
d. An unaffected female
83. How many generation are
present?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
84. What is the genotype of individual II5?
a. DD
b. Dd
c. dd
d. It could be DD or Dd