Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
19 Feb 2009
JCM 210B SEMINAR 2
1
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
SEMINAR AGENDA

Basic News Writing
 The

Inverted Pyramid (Recap)
Basic Reporting on Current Affairs
 Government
& Politics (1)
2
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
A Recap
CH. 3 THE INVERTED PYRAMID
3
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
4
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
OVERVIEW
Intro to Inverted Pyramid
 The lead
 Summary lead
 Delayed lead
 Immediate I.D. lead
 Second-day lead

5
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
INVERTED PYRAMID
Most
Importance
Less
6
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
INVERTED PYRAMID
The facts are presented in descending order of
importance
 Most important facts are high in the story
 Less important ones are at the bottom

7
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
INVERTED PYRAMID (CON’T)

Convenient for copy fitting
 Editors
can cut from the bottom up without losing
the most important information
 Unimportant information are all at the bottom
8
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
COMPONENTS
Lead (導言)
Supporting Paragraph
Secondary Information
Background material
9
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
CATEGORISATION OF LEADS
Summary Lead
 Delayed / blind Lead
 Immediate identification (I.D.) Lead
 Second-Day Lead

10
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
SUMMARY LEAD

One-paragraph summary of the event
Write in one-short sentence
 Write as a single paragraph but no more than
25 words

11
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
SUMMARY LEAD 1

President Barack Obama yesterday hailed (歡
迎) the US$787 billion stimulus bill (刺激方案)
passed by Congress (國會) as “a major
milestone (里程碑) on our road to recovery (復
蘇)” and vowed (誓言) to move swiftly (迅速地)
to set the plan in motion (落實執行)
12
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
SUMMARY LEAD 2

Those interested in joining the police force can
get a taste of simulated target shooting (模擬射
擊) and learn to handle a real revolver (左輪手
槍) at a four-day career expo at the Convention
and Exhibition Centre that starts on Thursday
13
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
SUMMARY LEAD 3

More than 100 rights activists (維權人士) took
to the street yesterday, protesting against
opposition by religious groups to plans to
extend protection under the anti-family-violence
law to same-sex couple (同性伴侶)
14
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
ELEMENTS OF SUMMARY LEAD
Who
 What
 When
 Where
 Why
 How

15
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
EXAMPLE 1

(Where) BANGKOK – (“Who” with no identity) A
maintenance worker (What) plunged 20 storeys down
an elevator shaft (When) Tuesday and suffered only a
fractured ankle and hand cuts.

Why ???
Causes of events are complex
 Delayed to a subsequent paragraph

16
EXAMPLE 2


(where) STOCKHOLM – A
concert by (“who” identified
by name) American soul
singer Ray Charles was
cancelled Monday (Why)
because he is on a United
Nations blacklist for
performing in South Africa.
“why” & “who” are the most
important part of the story
Seminar 2-2009
Total = 71
17
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
EXAMPLE 2 REWRITTEN IN A WEAK LEAD

STOCKHOLM - A concert by an American soul
singer was cancelled Monday because he is on
a United Nations blacklist for performing in
South Africa.
18
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
EXAMPLE 1
(Where) BANGKOK – (“Who” with no identity) A
maintenance worker (What) plunged 20 storeys
down an elevator shaft (When) Tuesday and
suffered only a fractured ankle and hand cuts.
 A delayed or blind lead

 Summary
lead that delays specific details or names
or places to subsequent paragraphs
19
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
EXAMPLE 2
(where) STOCKHOLM – A concert by (“who”
identified by name) American soul singer Ray
Charles was cancelled Monday (Why) because he
is on a United Nations blacklist for performing in
South Africa.
 Immediate identification lead (immediate I.D. lead)


Summary lead that specifically identifies people or
places
20
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
SECOND-DAY LEADS

A lead that updates an old news event by
providing the reader with the most recent
development
21
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
EXAMPLE 3

HONG KONG – Two dozen Chinese porkers
wandered aimlessly around Tai Wai early
Monday after a freight car derailed in Shatin.
The accident occurred late Sunday, when a
faulty yard switch sent the Chinese railway car
down a siding with 40 pigs aboard, ramming it
into a bumper and throwing open the door.
22
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
SECOND-DAY LEADS (CON’T)

What is the angle of this story?
 The
obvious humour evoked by the sight of pigs
wandering around an urban setting
23
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
A GOOD USE OF A SECOND-DAY LEAD
If the journalist missed the story, or didn’t get
the details at the time it happened  “followup story”
 Putting a different spin, or approach, on a story
that has been widely reported in electronic
media  “rewriting from electronic media”(炒
台)

24
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
TO BE CONTINUED …..
25
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
BASIC REPORTING ON CURRENT AFFAIRS:
GOVERNMENT & POLITICS (1)
26
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
Chief Secretary
政務司司長
Financial Secretary
財政司司長
Most of the policy bureax
決策局
Executive Council (EXCO)
行政會議
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES (CGO) AT LOWER ALBERT ROAD:
THE WORKING CENTRE OF EXECUTIVE POWERS (行政權力中心)
27
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
OVERVIEW
Hong Kong Basic Law: Constitutional
framework
 Central People Government and HKSAR
 Executive Branch and its personnel
 Bureaus and Departments

28
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK (PRE-97)

All the powers were derived from the Queen
Executive : Royal prerogatives (行政特權)
 Legisaltive : The Queen-in-Parliament (女皇會同國會)
 Judicial: The Queen is the fountain of justice (司法權來
自女皇)


The Queen delegated her powers to the Governor
Letters Patent (英皇制誥)
 Royal Instructions (皇室訓令)

29
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
BASIC LAW OF THE HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE
REGION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
THE NEW CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER: HONG
KONG BASIC LAW
30
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
FACTS
National law (全國性法律)
 The constitutional document (憲法性文件) of
the HKSAR

 The
constitution of the HKSAR
Supreme in nature: the supreme law
 Any law and executive act (行政行為) must
be consistent with the BL

31
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
FUNCTIONS





To set up the HKSAR pursuant to Article 31
Constitution of the PRC (中華人民共和國憲法)
To provide the basic policy
To define the scopes and limits of the executive,
legislative and judicial powers
To provide fundamental rights and freedoms to the
Hong Kong residents
To ensure supremacy over the Hong Kong laws
32
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
BASIC POLICY
Under the principle of "one country, two
systems“
 An inalienable part (不可分割的一部份) of
the PRC
 A high degree of autonomy (高度先治) and
enjoy executive, legislative and independent
judicial power

33
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
The socialist system and policies shall not be
practised, and the previous capitalist system
and way of life shall remain unchanged for 50
years
 In addition to the Chinese language, English
may also be used as an official language
 No law, including case law and the law made by
the legislature shall contravene the BL

34
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
SCOPES AND LIMITS OF POWERS
35
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
SEPARATION OF POWERS (三權分立)

A political theory developed Montesquieu
(1689-1755)
A
means of avoiding dictatorship (獨裁)
 Power should not be vested on one body/person
 Executive, legislative and judicial power should be
separately exercised by distinct organs

Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts
absolutely (權力使人腐化，絕對權力使人絕對
腐化) – Lord Acton
36
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
EXAMPLES

Members of executive should not be the members of
the legislature or judiciary

Each organ of government is concerned only with its
own functions and does not exercise of the functions
of another



Executive should not pass law
Legislature should not adjudicate (裁決) cases
Judiciary should not carry out administrative act
37
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
SEPARATION IN HKSAR
No strict separation (follows U.K.)
 Administrative (govt) can make regulations
called ‘by-law’ (附例) or ‘rules’ (規則)
 Legco can form ad hoc committee (特別委員會)
inquiring (調查) into matters with public
interests, e.g., Accounts Committee (賬目調查
委員會)
 Judges make (case) laws (司法判例) by
adjudication of cases

38
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
EXECUTIVE POWER UNDER THE BL

Chief Executive (C.E.) (行政長官)







Head of the HKSAR
Represent the HKSAR
Accountable to the Central People’s Govt (CPG)(向中央人民
政府負責)
a Chinese citizen of not less than 40 years of age
a permanent resident
no right of abode in any foreign country
ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for at least 20 years
39
Total = 71

Seminar 2-2009
Chief Executive (Con’t)
 Method
of selection: Annex 1
 in accordance with the principle of gradual and
orderly progress (按循序漸進)
 Ultimate aim: universal suffrage (普選)
 Term of office (任期): 5 years
40
Total = 71

Seminar 2-2009
Powers and function Art 48
 To
lead the government
 To be responsible for the implementation of the BL
and other laws
 To sign bill passed by the legislature and to
promulgate laws (頒佈法律)
 To decide on government policies and to issue
executive orders (行政命令)
 To appoint or remove judges
41
Total = 71

Seminar 2-2009
Con’t
 To
appoint or remove holders of public office
 To pardon (特赥) persons convicted of criminal
offences or commute (減免) their penalties
 To handle petitions and complaints
42
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
GOVERNMENT HOUSE (禮賓府):
THE OFFICE OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE
43
Total = 71

Seminar 2-2009
Executive Council (EXCO) (行政會議)
 Members
appointed by the CE
 an organ for assisting the Chief Executive in policymaking
 from among the principal officials of the executive
authorities, members of the Legislative Council and
public figures
44
Total = 71

Seminar 2-2009
Exco (con’t)
 the
Chief Executive shall consult the Executive
Council before making important policy decisions,
introducing bills to the Legislative Council, making
subordinate legislation, or dissolving the Legislative
Council.
 The Chief Executive-in-Council (行政長官會同行政
會議)
45
Total = 71


Chaired by the C.E.
members (當然成員)




Seminar 2-2009
Financial Secretary (FS)
Secretary for Justice (SJ)
Other bureau secretaries (if necessary)
Other members

Political parties, business sectors, professionals
46
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
MEMBERSHIP OF EXCO
REGISTER OF MEMBERS’ INTERESTS
行政會議 - 行政會議成員個人利益登記冊
47
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
48
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
Chief Executive-in-Council
(行政長官會同行政會議）
(Donald Tsang)
ICAC
Audit
Commission
Secretary for Justice
Chief Secretary
(律政司司長)
(政務司司長)
(Wong Yan-lung, S.C.)
(Henry Tong)
Financial
Secretary
(財政司司長)
(John Tsang)
Ombudsman
HKMA
49
SECRETARY FOR JUSTICE: WONG YAN LUNG,
S.C. (SENIOR COUNSEL 資深大律師)


The chief legal advisor
to the SAR Govt
The head of the
Department of Justice
(DOJ)(律政司)



Formulation (製訂) and
implementation (執行)
of legal policy
Conducting criminal
prosecution on behalf
of HKSAR
One of the ex-officio
members in EXCO
Seminar 2-2009
Total = 71
50
CHIEF SECRETARY FOR ADMINISTRATION:
HENRY TONG
One of the ex-officio
members in EXCO
 supervising (most of)
the policy bureaux
 ensuring coordination
in policy formulation
and implementation
 the most senior
official to temporarily
assume the duties of
the Chief Executive

Seminar 2-2009
Total = 71
51



forging a closer and
more effective working
relationship with the
Legislative Council
drawing up the
Government's legislative
programme
handling of appeals (行
政上訴) and certain
public bodies (公共機構)

West Kowloon
Development Board
Seminar 2-2009
Total = 71
52
FINANCIAL SECRETARY: JOHN TSANG
One of the ex-officio
members in EXCO
 assist the Chief
Executive in
overseeing policy
formulation and
implementation in
financial, monetary,
economic, trade and
employment matters.

Seminar 2-2009
Total = 71
53

exercises control
over the Exchange
Fund, with the
assistance of the
Monetary Authority
(金融管理局)
Seminar 2-2009
Total = 71
54

in charge of the
Government Budget
(預算案)

responsible under the
Public Finance
Ordinance for laying
before the Legislative
Council each year the
Government‘s
estimates of revenue
(收入) and
expenditure (開支)
Seminar 2-2009
Total = 71
55
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
THE POLICY BUREAX SUPERVISED BY F.S.
56
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
57
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
ORGANISATION CHART OF THE EXECUTIVE
BRANCH OF HKSAR GOVERNMENT
C.E.
Financial
Secretary
Chief
Secretary
12 Policy Bureax (決策局)
Departments (執行部門)
EXCO
Formulation
of Policies
Formulation
of Policies
Secretary
for
Justice
Depart
Of
Justice
Implementation
of Policies
58
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
SUMMARY
C.E.-in-Council
 Chief Secretary, Financial Secretary, and
Secretary for Justice (三司)
 11 Bureaux or Bureaus (十二局)

 Principal
Officials 主要官員
 Accountability System for Principal Officials主要官
員問責制

Departments (署、處)
59
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
FUNCTIONS

Bureau (局)
 Policy
formulation (製訂政策)
 Pre-enactment preparation (立法前期工作)
 Drafting of law (e.g., DOJ) / regulation (e.g., other
bureax)

Departments (署 / 處)
 Implementation
of policy
 Law enforcement
60
Total = 71

For policy level  Secretary (political appointment)





Seminar 2-2009
Permanent Secretary (常任秘書長)(civil servant)
Deputy Permanent Secretary (副常任秘書長)(civil servant)
Principal Assistant Secretary (首席助理局長)(civil servant)
Assistant Secretary (助理局長)(civil servant)
For implementation  Department head (civil servant) –
Director 署長 / Commissioner 處長

There are second-in-charge to the head


Deputy heads (directors) or assistant heads (directors)
Responsible for different programs
61
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
SECURITY BUREAU (保安局)

Secretary for Security 保安局長
 Ambrose
Lee 李少光
 Head
 Political

accountable (政治問責)
Permanent Secretary 常務秘書長
 Assist
the Secretary in formulating and
implementing policies and programmes
62
Total = 71

Deputy Permanent Secretaries (副常秘)


Seminar 2-2009
3 DPMs head 5 Divisions (A – F)
Each division is headed by a Principal Assistant
Secretary (首席助理秘書長)

Look into different policies
 A:
Defence, Extradition, Mutual Legal Assistance, Customs and
Excise Dept
 B: Public Safety, Correctional Services and Disciplined
Services Wide Issues
 C: Right of Abode, Nationality, and Entry of Talents and
Professionals (輸入優秀人材計劃)
63
Total = 71

Seminar 2-2009
DPMs (con’t)
 D:
Immigration Policy/Control, Visa Regime, Travel
Convenience, and Personnel Documentation
 E: Police, Fight Crime Committee and Security and
Guarding Services Industry

Hong Kong Police Force (Departmental Level)


Commissioner of Police (警務處處長)
http://www.sb.gov.hk/eng/about/Chart_Eng%2
0on%209.10.08.pdf
64
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
REFORM

Deputy Secretary 副局長
 Promotion

of the policy
Political Assistant to 政治助理
 Lobbying
with political parties
65
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
THE BUREAX
Civil Service Bureau
 Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau
 Education Bureau
 Environment Bureau
 Food and Health Bureau
 Home Affairs Bureau
 Labour and Welfare Bureau
 Security Bureau
 Transport and Housing Bureau

66
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
THE BUREAX
Commerce and Economic Development Bureau
 Development Bureau
 Financial Services and Treasury Bureau

67
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
OTHER FINANCIAL UNITS
Hong Kong Monetary Authority
 Economic Analysis and Business Facilitation
Unit

68
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
ORGANISATION CHART OF THE HKSAR GOVT

http://www.gov.hk/en/about/govdirectory/govc
hart/index.htm
69
Total = 71
Seminar 2-2009
TO BE CONTINUTED ……
70