Section 2.2—Naming
Chemicals
We need to be able to name the chemicals in the antacids!
The Language of Chemistry
Chemistry has a language all of its own
Chemistry
English
Element Symbols
Letters
Chemical Formulas
Words
Chemical Equations
Sentences
Each element symbol starts with a capital letter
Binary Ionic compounds
Definitions
Ionic bond- bond formed by attraction
between + and - ions
Binary Ionic Compound- compound
containing two elements—one metal
and one non-metal
+
Cation
Anion
Ionic Compound
Metals & Non-Metals
Ionic Bonds are between metals & non-metals
H
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
Lu
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
Lr
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Uun
Uuu
Uub
Uut
Metals
Metalloids
Nonmetals
Identifying & Naming Binary Ionic
These compounds have:
2 elements (“binary”)
A metal & a non-metal (“ionic”)
To name these compounds:
Write the name of the metal (the cation)
Write the name of the non-metal (the anion) with
the suffix “-ide”
The subscripts in the formula do not matter when naming this type
Example #1
NaCl
Example #1
“Sodium”
Cation
NaCl
Anion
“Chlorine” becomes
“Chloride”
Sodium Chloride
Example #2
CaBr2
Example #2
“Calcium”
Cation
CaBr2
Anion
“Bromine” becomes
“Bromide”
Calcium Bromide
Example #3
K2O
Example #3
“Potassium”
Cation
K2O
Anion
“Oxygen” becomes
“Oxide”
Potassium Oxide
Let’s Practice
CaF2
Example:
Write the name
for the following
compounds
Na3P
NaCl
SrBr2
Let’s Practice
Example:
Write the name
for the following
compounds
CaF2
Calcium fluoride
Na3P
Sodium phosphide
NaCl
Sodium chloride
SrBr2
Strontium bromide
Polyatomic Ionic Compounds
Definition
Polyatomic Ion- more than one atom
that together have a charge
Polyatomic Ionic Compoundcompound containing at least one
polyatomic ion
+
Cation
Polyatomic
Anion
Polyatomic Ionic
Compound
Common Polyatomic Ions
The Appendix of your book (Page A-2) has the following chart
COMMON POLYATOMIC IONS
Acetate, CH3COO-1 or C2H3O2-1
Ammonium NH4+1
Bromate, BrO3-1
Bromite, BrO2-1
Carbonate, CO3-2
Carbonite, CO2-2
Chlorate, ClO3-1
Chlorite, ClO2-1
Chromate, CrO4-2
Cyanide, CN-1
Dichromate, Cr2O7-2
Dihydrogen phosphate, H2PO4-1
Hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate, HCO3-1
Hydrogen phosphate or biphosphate, HPO4-2
Hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate, HSO4-1
Hydroxide, OH-1
Hypochlorite, ClO-1
Iodate, IO3-1
Iodite, IO2-1
Nitrate, NO3-1
Nitrite, NO2-1
Oxalate, C2O4-2
Perchlorate, ClO4-1
Permanganate, MnO4-1
Peroxide, O2-2
Phosphate, PO4-3
Phosphite, PO3-3
Silicate, SiO3-1
Sulfate, SO4-2
Sulfite, SO3-2
Help Identifying Polyatomic Ions
The only cation (front-half) polyatomic ion
is “NH4”
All other polyatomic ions are anions (backhalf)
The subscripts within the polyatomic ion is
important (it must match exactly with the
one on your ion list)
If there are parenthesis, the polyatomic ion
is inside (ignore the number outside)
Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions
Example:
Identify and
name the
polyatomic ion
in each
compound
NaNO3
NH4Cl
Ca(OH)2
(NH4)3PO4
K2CO3
Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions
Example:
Identify and
name the
polyatomic ion
in each
compound
NaNO3
Nitrate
NH4Cl
Ammonium
Ca(OH)2
Hydroxide
(NH4)3PO4
Ammonium &
phosphate
K2CO3
Carbonate
Identifying & Naming Polyatomic Ionic
These compounds have:
More than 2 capital letters (non starting with H)
Contain at least 1 metal & 1 non-metal
To name these compounds:
Write the name of the cation (the metal element
name or “Ammonium” for “NH4”)
If the anion is a polyatomic ion, write the
polyatomic ion’s name just as it is
If the anion is a single non-metal element, write
its name with the suffix “-ide”
Example #4
NaNO3
Example #4
“Sodium”
Cation
NaNO3
Polyatomic
Anion
“Nitrate”
Sodium Nitrate
Example #5
K2SO4
Example #5
“Potassium”
Cation
K2SO4
Polyatomic
Anion
“sulfate”
Potassium sulfate
Example #6
Ca(OH)2
Example #6
“Calcium”
Cation
Ca(OH)2
Polyatomic
Anion
“hydroxide”
Calcium hydroxide
Example #7
(NH4)2S
Example #7
“Ammonium”
Polyatomic
Cation
(NH4)2S
Anion
“sulfur” becomes
“sulfide”
Ammonium sulfide
Let’s Practice
Ca(NO3)2
Example:
Write the name
for the following
compounds
Na3PO4
NH4ClO
K2CO3
Let’s Practice
Ca(NO3)2 Calcium nitrate
Example:
Write the name
for the following
compounds
Na3PO4
Sodium phosphate
NH4ClO
Ammonium hypochlorite
K2CO3
Potassium carbonate
Multivalent Metals
Definition
Multivalent Metal- metal that has more
than one possibility for cationic charge
The Appendix of your book (Page A-2) has the following chart
Common multivalent metals and their charges
Cobalt
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Tin
Co+2
Cu+1
Fe+2
Pb+2
Mn+2
Hg2+2
Sn+2
Co+3
Cu+2
Fe+3
Pb+4
Mn+3
Hg+2
Sn+4
Identifying & Naming Multivalent Metals
 These compounds have:
One of the multi-valent metals in that chart
 To name these compounds:
Write the name of the metal element (cation)
Write the name of the anion (element name with “-ide” or
polyatomic ion name)
Determine the total negative charge
Total negative charge = total positive charge for all
neutral compounds
Determine the charge on each metal atom
Write the charge in roman numerals in parenthesis after
the metal’s name
Common Ions
Use the periodic table to determine charges on common
elemental anions
Periodic table--Charges of common ions
N3-
O2-
F-
P3-
S2-
Cl-
Se2-
BrI-
Example #8
CuCl
Example #8
“Copper”
Cation
CuCl
Anion
“Chlorine”
becomes
“Chloride”
Copper
Chloride
Example #8
“Copper”
Cation
Chloride has a –1 charge
CuCl
Anion
“Chlorine”
becomes
“Chloride”
Copper (I) Chloride
-1 charge * 1 ion = -1
A –1 charge needs a +1 charge
Therefore, copper must be +1
Example #9
Fe2(CO3)3
Example #9
“Iron”
Cation
Fe2(CO3)3
Polyatomic
Anion
“Carbonate”
Iron
carbonate
Example #9
“Iron”
Cation
Carbonate has a –2 charge
Fe2(CO3)3
Polyatomic
Anion
“Carbonate”
Iron (III) carbonate
-2 charge * 3 ions = -6
A –6 charge needs a +6 charge
and there are 2 iron ions
Therefore, iron must be +3
Let’s Practice
PbCl2
Example:
Write the name
for the following
compounds
PbCl4
MnO
Mn2O3
Let’s Practice
Example:
Write the name
for the following
compounds
PbCl2
Lead (II) chloride
PbCl4
Lead (IV) chloride
MnO
Manganese (II) oxide
Mn2O3
Manganese (III) oxide
Binary Covalent Compounds
Definition
Covalent bond atoms share electrons
Binary Covalent Compound
compound made from two non-metals
that share electrons
Non
metal
Non
metal
Covalent compound
Identifying & Naming Binary Covalent
These compounds have:
2 elements (“binary”)
Both non-metals (“covalent”)
To name these compounds:
Write the name of the first element with the
prefix indicating the number of atoms (except
don’t use “mono-”)
Write the name of the second element with the
prefix indicating the number of atoms (including
“mono-”) and the suffix “ide”
Covalent Prefixes
The Appendix of your book (Page A-2) has the following chart
PREFIXES USED IN MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
1. mono2. di3. tri4. tetra5. penta6. hexa7. hepta8. octa9. nona10. deca-
Example #10
P2O5
Example #10
2 = “di-”
Phosphorus
P2O5
Oxygen
5 = “penta-”
Use “-ide”
Diphosphorus pentaoxide
Example #11
SiO2
Example #11
Don’t use “mono-” on
first element
Silicon
SiO2
Oxygen
2 = “di-”
Use “-ide”
Silicon dioxide
Let’s Practice
CO2
Example:
Write the name
for the following
compounds
N2O4
P4O10
CO
Let’s Practice
Example:
Write the name
for the following
compounds
CO2
Carbon dioxide
N2O4
Dinitrogen tetraoxide
P4O10
Tetraphosphorus decaoxide
CO
Carbon monoxide
Nomenclature Summary
Naming Chemical
Formulas
Starts with a metal or
NH4
2 capital letters =
Binary Ionic
Does not contain a
metal = Binary
Covalent compound
More than 2 elements
= Polyatomic Ionic
Mixed Practice
Na2O
Example:
Write the name
for the following
compounds
K3PO4
Cu(OH)2
(NH4)2S
MgCl2
Mixed Practice
Example:
Write the name
for the following
compounds
Na2O
Sodium oxide
K3PO4
Potassium phosphate
Cu(OH)2
Copper (II) hydroxide
(NH4)2S
Ammonium sulfide
MgCl2
Magnesium chloride