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Benchmark SC.B.1.2.2:
The student recognizes
various forms of energy
(e.g., heat, light, and
electricity)
Ophir Ortiz
Outline
Outline
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Energy Definition
Vocabulary
Forms of Energy- Light
GLE
Forms of Energy- Heat
GLE
Forms of Energy- Sound GLE
Potential and Kinetic Energy GLE
Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy
GLE
• Frequency, wavelength, and energy
GLE
Vocabulary
Biomass
Renewable energy source. Includes:
wood, municipal solid waste (garbage),
and agricultural waste (i.e., corn cobs and
wheat straw).
Coal
Non-renewable energy source; produced
from decayed animals and plants
Electricity
flow of electrons
Electrons
the particles in atoms that carry negative
charges
Energy
the ability or capacity to do work
Units: Joules (J)
Frequency
how often something happens in a given
period of time
Geothermal power
Renewable energy; comes from heat
energy buried beneath the surface of the
earth
Heat
form of energy that is transferred by a
difference in temperature
Vocabulary (cont’d)
Kinetic energy
energy of motion
Natural gas
Obtained by drilling into the earth; formed
from fossils millions of years old that were
deposited in the earth. This is a source of
non-renewable energy.
Non-renewable energy
Takes millions of years to produce more;
the supply can run out. Examples: coal,
natural gas, oil
Nuclear
process in which atoms are split- this
produces heat, and this heat is used to
spin turbines that produce electricity;
source of non-renewable energy
Oil
This is a non-renewable source of energy
that takes millions of years to produce.
Potential energy
Energy of position
Renewable energy
Examples: solar energy, wind, geothermal;
this type of energy can be produced
quickly
Solar energy
Form of renewable energy; comes from
the sun
What is ENERGY???
• Energy is defined as
“the ability to do work”
• When we eat, our bodies transform the
energy stored in the food into energy to do
work
• When we run or walk, we "burn" food energy
in our bodies
• When we think or read or write, we are also
doing work
What is ENERGY???
• Energy can be found in a number of
different forms. It can be
– chemical energy
– electrical energy
– heat (thermal energy)
– light (radiant energy)
– mechanical energy
– nuclear energy.
Energy
• Energy makes everything happen and can be divided
into two types:
• Stored energy is called potential energy.
• Moving energy is called kinetic energy.
• With a pencil, try this example to know the two types
of energy.
• Put the pencil at the edge of the desk and push it off
to the floor. The moving pencil uses kinetic energy.
• Now, pick up the pencil and put it back on the desk.
You used your own energy to lift and move the
pencil. Moving it higher than the floor adds energy to
it. As it rests on the desk, the pencil has potential
energy. The higher it is, the further it could fall. That
means the pencil has more potential energy.
Potential and Kinetic
Energy Applet
Potential and Kinetic Energy Activity
Downhill Activity
Two cylinders that look the same may roll down a hill at different rates.
In this activity, two cylinders are rolled down a ramp
• Washers are arranged inside the cylinders (outside of the rim for one
cylinder, center of the rim for the second cylinder)
• Due to the mass distribution, the rims with the mass along the sides
will have to use more of its Potential Energy just to get moving, and this
is why it will be slower than the other rim
Source:http://www.exploratorium.edu/snacks/downhill_race.html
Forms of Energy: Light
What is light?
• It's a kind of energy called
"electromagnetic (EM) radiation"
– More information on electromagnetic radiation in the
appendix
• light is the part WE can see, the part
that makes the rainbow
Light Activity:
Lets Make a Rainbow!!
MATERIALS:
• glass jar or a large drinking glass
• small mirror
• flashlight
• dark room with white walls
PROCESS:
• Fill the jar or glass with water.
• Place the mirror inside the water filled jar or glass.
• Tilt the mirror slightly upward.
• In a very dark room with white walls, shine the flashlight onto the mirror.
• A rainbow will appear! (Note: If no rainbow appears at first, just change
the angle of the light from the flashlight or change the angle of the
mirror.)
EXPLANATION:
• The mirror reflects light that passes back through the water, traveling at
an angle. The water bends, or refracts, the light. As the light bends, it
separates into the colors of the rainbow...red, orange, yellow, green,
blue, indigo and violet.
http://www.weatherwizkids.com/rainbow1.htm
Forms of Energy: Heat
• Heat is another form of
energy.
• At absolute zero (-273°C) the particles
do not vibrate.
• When we heat something we make the
particles move faster.
• The thermometer is a tool used to
measure heat energy
Hyperlinked Image
Activity:
How to Make a
Thermometer
http://www.wattsonschools.com/pdf/ue-2.pdf
Forms of Energy: Sound
• Sound energy is the energy of
vibrating particles.
• When you pluck a guitar string you
are giving it kinetic energy.
• The vibrating string makes the air
around it vibrate.
• You can hear these vibrations
because the vibrating air (sound
waves) travel to your ear and make
your eardrum vibrate.
Hyperlinked Image
Renewable and NonRenewable Sources of
Energy
• We use many different energy sources to do
work for us.
• Energy sources are classified into two groups:
renewable energy source- this type of
energy can be made again and again
and
• non-renewable energy- this type of energy
can run out because it takes millions of years
to make more
Sources of Energy
Brain POP Video
Renewable Energy Sources
http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/whatsenergy.html
Renewable Energy Sources
• Renewable energy sources include
solar energy, which comes from the
sun and can be turned into
electricity and heat.
• Wind, geothermal energy from
inside the earth, biomass from
plants, and hydropower and ocean
energy from water are also
renewable energy sources.
Biomass Energy
•
Biomass is matter usually
thought of as garbage (i.e., dead
trees, tree branches, woodchips,
bark, sawdust)
•
This “garbage” can be used to
produce electricity, heat,
compost material or fuels
•
How biomass works:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The waste (scraps) gathered in
a truck
The truck transports the waste
to a biomass power plant
The biomass is burned in a
furnace
The heat is used to boil water in
the boiler
The energy in the steam is used
to turn turbines and generators
Biomass Energy
Flash Movie
Hyperlinked Image
Hydro-Power!
What is Hydro-Power?
‫ ٭‬Water is another very important
renewable energy resource
‫ ٭‬Hydro-power is energy that comes
from the force of moving water
‫ ٭‬A turbine converts the kinetic
energy of falling water into
mechanical energy
‫٭‬Then a generator converts the
mechanical energy from the turbine
into electrical energy
Alexander Hydroelectric Plant on the Wisconsin River
Hydroelectric Plant
http://www.wvic.com/hydro-works.htm
Hydro-Power Activity
Objective:
The students will learn the concept of
“water pressure”, and how this relates to
the production of hydropower.
Materials:
• Half gallon paper milk carton (empty and washed out)
• Gallon of water
• Awl or 10p nail
• Masking tape
• Ruler
• Magic marker
• Pair of scissors
• Pad of paper and pencil to take notes
http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/projects/hydro-power.html
Renewable Energy Source:
Hydrogen
• Hydrogen, a renewable energy source, is the
most plentiful gas in the universe!
• Hydrogen is an energy carrier for the future. It is
a clean fuel that can be used in places where
it’s hard to use electricity. Sending electricity a
long way costs four times as much as shipping
hydrogen by pipeline.
• Renewable energy sources—like solar and
wind—can’t produce energy all the time.
• Hydrogen can store the energy until it’s needed
and can be moved to where it’s needed.
Hydrogen as a Fuel
Hydrogen Activity
• The objective of this
experiment is to
produce hydrogen by
using electrolysis
Link to webpage:
http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/projects/split_h2o.html
Non-Renewable Energy
Sources
http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/whatsenergy.html
Non-Renewable Energy
Sources
• We get most of our energy from
nonrenewable energy sources, which
include the fossil fuels -- oil, natural gas,
and coal.
• They're called fossil fuels because they
were formed over millions and millions of
years by the action of heat from the
Earth's core and pressure from rock and
soil on the remains (or "fossils") of dead
plants and animals.
Energy Sources Produce
Electricity
• Renewable and non-renewable energy
sources are used to produce electricity
• We use electricity everyday, for example:
When you do things like play video games
Make a milkshake in your blender
Watch TV
Surf the Net and turn on the light in your
bedroom
Electricity
• Electricity is the
flow of electrical
power or charge
• It is caused by the
movement of
electrons
Electric Circuits Activity
http://www.andythelwell.com/blobz/
Activity: Make a Battery
from a Lemon
• In this activity, you will make a
voltaic battery out of a lemon
• A voltaic battery changes chemical
energy to electrical energy
http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/projects/lemon.html
Electricity ActivityHow Much Does it Cost?
The objective of this activity is to
introduce to the student the concept of
conserving energy by investigating the
cost of using electricity, and how different
electrical device require different
amounts of electricity. This activity also
discusses the units used for electricity.
http://whyfiles.larc.nasa.gov/text/kids/Problem_Board/problems/electricity/cost2.html
Non-Renewable Source of
Energy: Coal
• Coal is used to make electricity
• Coal is a nonrenewable energy source because it
takes millions of years to create.
• The energy in coal comes from the energy stored
(Potential Energy) by plants that lived hundreds of
millions of years ago, when the earth was partly
covered with swampy forests.
Sources of Energy
Activity
Chocolate Chip cookie mining
http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/classactivities/CookieMining_PriElem.pdf
Wavelength, Frequency,
and Energy
• Light is a form of energy
• Energy can be described by the
wavelength and frequency
• Wavelength is measured in meters (m)
• Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz)
Relationship:
• Long wavelength- low frequency
• Short wavelength- high frequency
Wavelength, Frequency, and
Energy Applet