The Integumentary System
SKIN
HAIR
NAILS
Medical Terminology
cutane/o : skin
cyan/o : blue
epi- : over, upper
erythro- : red
lip/o : fat
melan/o : black
sub- : under, below
Terminology Practice
liposuction
dermatitis
dermatoplasty
melanoma
cyanotic
subcutaneous
epigastric
erythrocyte
Skin Diagram
Draw and color a cross-section diagram of the
skin. Label and briefly describe each of the
following structures:
Epidermis
Artery
Dermis
Vein
Subcutaneous fascia
Hair follicle
Sebaceous gland
Hair shaft
Sudoriferous gland
Arrector pili muscle
Nerve
Pores
Sebaceous (oil) gland
Pore
Hair
Epidermis
Sudoriferous
(sweat) gland
Dermis
Nerve
Subcutaneous
fascia
Artery
Hair follicle
Vein
Arrector pilli
muscle
Functions of the Skin
1. Protection
- From ultraviolet rays and pathogens
- Holds moisture in
2. Sensory Perception
- Pain, pressure, temperature, and touch
3. Body Temperature Regulation
- Blood vessels dilate to release heat and
constrict to conserve heat
- Cool body through evaporation of sweat
4. Storage
- Fat, glucose, water, vitamins, and salts
5. Absorption
- Some medications
6. Excretion
- Salt, excess water, and some wastes
eliminated through the sweat
7. Production
- Produces Vitamin D
Pigmentation
• Melanin: a brownish-black pigment
• Carotene: a yellowish-red pigment
* The amounts of these two pigments
determine a person’s skin color
Abnormal Colors of the Skin
• Albino : the absence
of pigmentation
• Erythema : reddish
color of skin
• Jaundice : yellow
discoloration of skin
Cyanosis : a bluish discoloration of the skin
due to a lack of oxygen
Skin Eruptions
• Macules : flat spots
on the skin
• Papules : firm raised
areas
• Vesicles : fluid-filled
sacs or blisters
• Pustules : pus-filled
sacs
• Crusts : areas of
dried pus and blood
(scabs)
• Wheals : itchy,
elevated areas with an
irregular shape
• Ulcer : a deep loss of
skin surface
Decubitus Ulcers
(Bedsores)
• Open sores in the
skin and underlying
tissues due to
pressure over a bony
area
• Cuts off the blood
supply and the tissue
dies
Diseases
Acne : an inflammation
of the sebaceous
glands
- Caused by a blockage
of the hair follicles
with dirt, cosmetics,
excess oil, and/or
bacteria
Alopecia : baldness; a
permanent loss of hair
on the scalp
Verrucae : rough, hard, elevated, rounded surface
forms on the skin - warts
- Caused by a viral infection of the skin
Skin Cancers :
- Forms that are usually localized – don’t spread to
other areas of body
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Skin Cancers
- Form that CAN spread to other parts of the body
and be fatal
Malignant Melanoma
Signs of Malignant Melanoma
Asymmetrical in shape
Borders of lesion are scalloped or irregular
Colors are varied – black, brown, white, red
Diameter is larger than a pencil eraser