Breed type information
Oromia Livestock Breed Survey
Anette van Dorland
February 2003
ILRI
Breed types of Oromia Regional State
Pure breeds
 61 pure local breed types

Cross breeds
X
1 exotic pure breed type
 27 local cross breed types

5 exoticxlocal cross breed types
Unknown breeds  Unknown pure and cross breed types
?
60 % of observations is unknown
Distribution of (cross)breed types
Number of (cross)breed types by Zone
Zone
Arsi
Bale
Borana
East Hararge
East Shoa
East Wollega
Illubabor
Jimma
North Shoa
West Hararge
West Shoa
West Wollega
Pure breed
Local
Exotic
5
13
5
18
10
1
2
24
3
1
1
-
Cross breed
LocalxLocal ExoticxLocal
2
1
4
4
3
13
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
3
4
1
-
Number of breed types per household
No. of pure/cross
No. of
breed types
households
1
4995
2
249
3
46
4
1
Combination of
No. of
breed types
households
1 Pure breed
4957
1 Cross breed
38
Pure breeds
28
Cross breeds
1
Pure and Cross breeds
153
Distribution of Major Breed types
Distribution of major breed types by Zone
Zone
Arsi
Bale
Borana
East Hararge
East Shoa
East Wollega
Illubabor
Jimma
North Shoa
West Hararge
West Shoa
West Wollega
TOTAL
Pure and Cross breed type (no. of households)
Arsi
Borana
Guji
Anniya
Doba HFxLocal
215
2
4
106
7
4
4
16
290
267
78
1
235
8
4
4
46
179
85
751
307
271
78
85
63
Distribution of breed types by agroecological zone
70
% of households
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Kolla
Weina Dega
Dega
Agro-ecological zone
Arsi
Borana
Guji
Anniya
Doba
HFxLocal
Distribution of breed types by agroecological zone (cont.)
Guji
HFxLocal
Doba
Borana
Kolla (Lowland)
Weinadega
(Mid-altitude)
Arsi
Anniya
Dega (Highland)
Distribution of breed types by production
system
100
% of households
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Crop-livestock system
Agro-pastoralist
Pastoralist
Production system
Arsi
Borana
Guji
Anniya
Doba
HFxLocal
Phenotypic characteristics:
Qualitative and quantitative
Horn
Hump
Hook bone
Rump
Back
Ear
Pin bone
Face
Muzzle
Tail
Neck
Dewlap
Perputial sheath*
Hock joint
Tail switch
Hoof
Testis*
Characteristic
Coat colour
Coat pattern
Hair size
Hair type
Height at withers
Heart girth
Body length
Dewlap size
Hump size
Hump shape
Hump position
Face profile
Back profile
Rump profile
Ear size
Ear shape
Ear orientation
Horn length
Horn shape
Horn orientation
Horn spacing
Tail length
Udder size
Teat size
Navel flap size
Testis size
Perputial sheath
Phenotypic characteristics:
Qualitative and quantitative
Horn
Hump
Hook bone
Rump
Back
Ear
Pin bone
Face
Muzzle
Tail
Neck
Dewlap
Perputial sheath*
Hock joint
Tail switch
Hoof
Testis*
Characteristic
Coat colour
Coat pattern
Hair size
Hair type
Height at withers
Heart girth
Body length
Dewlap size
Hump size
Hump shape
Hump position
Face profile
Back profile
Rump profile
Ear size
Ear shape
Ear orientation
Horn length
Horn shape
Horn orientation
Horn spacing
Tail length
Udder size
Teat size
Navel flap size
Testis size
Perputial sheath
Coat colour of body
35
% of households
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
7
8
Colour combinations of Guji
40
% of households
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
Colour combinations of HFxLocal
6
Coat colour of body (cont.)
% of households
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Colour combinations of Anniya
35
% of households
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Colour combinations of Borana
7
8
Coat colour of body (cont.)
% of households
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Colour combinations of Arsi
30
% of households
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Colour combinations of Doba
7
8
% of households
Dewlap size
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Absent
Small
Medium
Large
Size of dewlap
Arsi
Guji
Anniya
Doba
HFxLocal
100
% of households
Hump size
Borana
80
60
40
20
0
Absent
Small
Medium
Large
Size of hump
Arsi
Borana
Guji
Anniya
Doba
HFxLocal
Herd structure (%)
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Male
Castrate
Female
Male
< 3 years
Arsi
Castrate
> 3 years
Borana
Guji
Anniya
Doba
HFxLocal
Female
Trait preference by farmers of major breed types
Not important
Poor
Average
Good
No opinion
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Size/shape
Colour
Horns
Heat/cold tolerance
Temperament
Work rate/draft power
Ability to walk long distances
Milk yield
Meat
Growth rate
Fertility
Longevity
Disease tolerance/resistance
Drought tolerance
Trait preference by farmers of major breed types
(cont.)
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Size/shape
Colour
Horns
Heat/cold tolerance
Temperament
Work rate/draft power
Ability to walk long distances
Milk yield
Meat
Growth rate
Fertility
Longevity
Disease tolerance/resistance
Drought tolerance
Trait preference by farmers of major breed types
(cont.)
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Size/shape
Colour
Horns
Heat/cold tolerance
Temperament
Work rate/draft power
Ability to walk long distances
Milk yield
Meat
Growth rate
Fertility
Longevity
Disease tolerance/resistance
Drought tolerance
Production versus adaptation traits
% of households dedviating from the average
15
10
5
0
-5
Adaptation traits
Production traits
-10
-15
-20
-25
Traits
Arsi
Borana
Guji
Anniya
Doba
HFxLocal
Production characteristics
Reproduction
 Age at sexual maturity
 Age ate first parturition
 Calving interval
Production
 Marketable age of young stock
 Milk production
 Lactation length
Age at first parturition
Reproduction characteristics
Breed
Type
Arsi
Borana
Guji
Anniya
Doba
HFxLocal
No. of
households
227
102
90
25
30
23
Age at first parturition
Range
Mean a
54.0 ± 10.7
33-84
55.9 ± 6.8
34-72
58.3 ± 13.1
33-96
45.7 ± 5.6
38-58
52.1 ± 9.7
33-72
39.7 ± 4.5
33-49
No. of
households
240
88
79
24
35
23
Calvin
Mean a
20.1 ± 8.1
16.4 ± 5.1
21.8 ± 10.4
16.6 ± 2.3
17.4 ± 3.4
17.2 ± 7.0
Calving rate
80
Calving rate (%)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Arsi
Borana
Guji
Anniya
Breed types
Doba
HFxLocal
Milk production
No. of
Breed type
Average milk production per animal (litre)
Households
Mean±STDa
Range
Arsi
258
1.4 ± 0.6
0.3 - 4
Borana
104
1.7 ± 0.6
0.5 - 4
Guji
87
1.1 ± 0.5
0.5 - 3
Doba
39
1.8 ± 1.0
0.5 - 5
Anniya
27
1.4 ± 0.7
0.5 - 3
HFxLocal
25
6.2 ± 3.6
1.3 - 14
1985
1.4 ± 1.1
0.1 - 14
Overall
a
b
b
Mean ± Standard deviation
Average milk production for all breed types
Lactation length
No. of
Breed type
Average lactation length per animal (months)
Households
Mean±STDa
Range
Arsi
259
9.3 ± 2.8
3 - 22
Borana
100
8.8 ± 3.5
3 - 24
Guji
88
9.8 ± 3.9
3 - 24
Doba
37
9.1 ± 2.2
5 - 16
Anniya
27
8.5 ± 3.5
5 - 25
HfxLocal
25
9.5 ± 2.9
6 - 16
1958
9.1 ± 3.3
3 - 24
Overall
a
b
b
Mean ± Standard deviation
Average milk production for all breed types
Conclusions
 Most households reported owning pure breeds than cross breeds
 In most households breed type was unknown
 In most households one pure or cross breed type was found
 Guji, HF-crosses, and Arsi breeds can be classified as
Midland/highland breed types. Doba, Borana, and Anniya can be
classified as lowland breed types
 Farmers reported HF-crosses to be
poorly adapted to the environment;
Arsi to be less productive than other
breeds; and Guji to be both less
adapted and less productive than
other breeds