Vaccine - Preventable Diseases
1
Healthy People 2020 goal:
 Increase immunization rates and reduce
preventable infectious diseases.
Why We immunize
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 Health promotion: prevent a disease
if it is preventable.
 Morbidity
vs Mortality
 Protect self
 Protect others
 Economics
Immunizations: Contraindications
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 Anaphylactic reaction to previous vaccine
 IPV: anaphylactic reaction to neomycin
or streptomycin
 MMR & Varicella
 Immunocompromised
 allergy
gelatin, neomycin
 Pregnancy
 active Tb
Barriers to Immunization
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 Complexity of the health care system
 Expense
 Parental misconceptions
 Personal beliefs
 Inaccurate record-keeping
 Reluctance of health care workers to give > 2
vaccines at a time
 Lack of public awareness
Complications of Common Infectious
Diseases (viral)
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Measles
Rubella, Fifth
disease (parvovirus
B19)
Roseola Infantum
(HHV-6)
Mumps
Varicella
1. Pneumonia, otitis
media, encephalitis
2. transmission to
pregnant women
3. febrile seizures
4. aseptic meningitis,
orchitis, deafness
5. secondary infection
skin lesions; CNS,
Reyes syndrome
Complications of Common Infectious
Diseases (bacterial)
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Pertussis
2. Diptheria
1.
3. Hep B
4. Hib (Haemophilus
Influenzae)
Pneumonia
2. Airway obstruction,
myocarditis, neuritis
3. Liver cirrhosis, CA
4. Meningitis,
epiglottitis,
pneumonia, septic
arthritis, sepsis
1.
Immunization Schedule
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 2, 4, 6, (15) months
 Hep
B, DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV
 MMR, Varicella: after 12 mo**
 NEW! Tdap 7th-12th grade
 If miss one, do not need to start over
 www.cdc.gov/nip
Biological Terrorism
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Infectious Diseases
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 Primary prevention as intervention
 Many
diseases are vaccine-preventable
 Secondary Intervention: treat symptoms
 Rash
 Fever
 Itching
 Secondary infection-try to prevent
 Tertiary Intervention
Nursing Care
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 Risk for [spread of] infection
 Ineffective Health Maintenance
 Risk for ineffective thermoregulation
 Fatigue r/t fever, discomfort
 Social isolation r/t confinement
Impetigo
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Impetigo - Interventions
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 Soak crusts in warm water
 Gently cleans w/antibacterial soap
 Do not pick at lesions
 Child & caregiver: HANDWASHING
 Fingernails short & clean
 Topical antibiotic ointment
 Communicable up to 48 hours after
antibiotic treatment begun.
Cellulitis
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 Inflammation of skin, SQ tissues
 Local area is red, hot, swollen &
painful
 Regional lymph nodes often involved
 Systemic effects: fever, chills,
confusion, malaise
Cellulitis: risk for spread of infection
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 Sepsis
 Septic arthritis
 Meningitis
 Brain abscess
 Blindness
Interventions: Cellulitis
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 Antibiotics
 if hospitalized, IV
 Entire course
 Monitor temp
 Warm compresses
 Elevate affected limb
 Bed rest - acute phase
Skin Disorders: other causes
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 Viral & Fungal
 Contact
 insect & animal contact
Pubic lice with nits
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Common Nursing Diagnoses
r/t integumentary alterations
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 Pain, acute r/t
 Pruritis r/t reaction to irritants secondary to…
 Impaired skin integrity r/t inflammation &
scratching of lesions
 Risk for secondary infection r/t altered skin
integrity; scratching
 Knowledge deficit regarding cause, treatment,
spread of infection r/t lack of information.
Nursing Diagnoses: cont.
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 Risk for fluid volume deficit or
nutritional deficit if lesions on mouth,
tongue, etc.
 Body image disturbance r/t altered
appearance
 Fatigue r/t fever
 Social isolation
Hyperthermia vs Fever
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 Fever: results from an insult or disease
that resets the body’s “set point”.
 Hyperthermia: high body temperature