AP Biology Unit 7 Syllabus
Reproduction & Genetics
Chapters 12-15; 19
Date
Monday
February 22
Tuesday
February 23
Wednesday
February 24
Class Discussion
Topic/Activity
AP Released Exam – FRQ
Viral Structure
&
Replication
Learning Targets
Chapter 19 – Viruses (19.1-19.2 only)
1. I can explain how viral replication differs from other reproductive
strategies and generates genetic variation via various mechanisms.
a.
Viruses have highly efficient replicative capabilities that
allow for rapid evolution and acquisition of new
phenotypes.
b. Viruses replicate via a component assembly model
allowing one virus to produce many progeny
simultaneously via the lytic cycle.
c.
Virus replication allows for mutations to occur through
usual host pathways.
d. RNA viruses lack replication error-checking mechanisms,
and thus have higher rates of mutation.
e. Related viruses can combine/recombine information if
they infect the same host cell.
f.
HIV is a well-studied system where the rapid evolution of
a virus within a host contributes to the pathogenicity of
viral infection.
2. I can explain how the reproductive cycles of viruses facilitate
transfer of genetic information.
a.
Viruses transmit DNA or RNA when they infect a host cell,
such as:
i. Transduction in bacteria
ii. Transposons present in incoming DNA
b. Some viruses are able to integrate into the host DNA and
establish a latent (lysogenic) infection. These latent viral
genomes can result in new properties for the host such
as increased pathogenicity in bacteria.
3. I can explain how genetic information in retroviruses is a special case
and has an alternate flow of information: from RNA to DNA, made
possible by reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that copies the viral
RNA genome into DNA. This DNA integrates into the host genome
and becomes transcribed and translated for the assembly of new
progeny.
Assignment

Read, take notes chapter 19

Videos:
o
o


Viral Structure
&
Replication

Thursday
February 25
(TALK)
Cell Cycle Overview
(12.1-12.2)
Mitosis Inquiry Activity
Chapter 12 – The Cell Cycle
1. I can explain that in eukaryotes, heritable information is passed to
the next generation via processes that include the cell cycle and
mitosis.
2. I can explain that the cell cycle is a complex set of stages that is
highly regulated with checkpoints, which determine the ultimate
fate of the cell.
a.
Interphase consists of three phases: growth, synthesis of
DNA, preparation for mitosis.
b. The cell cycle is directed by internal controls or
checkpoints. Internal and external signals provide stopand-go signs at the checkpoints, such as:
i. Mitosis-promoting factor (MPF)
ii. Action of platelet-derived growth factor
(PDGF)
iii. Cancer results from disruptions in cell cycle
control
c.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases control the cell
cycle.

Bozeman Viral
Replication
Khan Academy
Viruses
Read, take notes chapter 12
Chapter 12 one-pager due
Monday, 2/29
Videos:
o
Bozeman Mitosis and
Meiosis - for now focus on
mitosis and cell cycle
regulation part
o
Crash Course
Mitosis
Answer the 8 Pre-Lab questions
for AP Lab 7 Part 1
d.
e.
3.
Friday
February 26
Mitosis alternates with interphase in the cell cycle.
When a cell specializes, it often enters into a stage where
it no longer divides, but it can reenter the cell cycle when
given appropriate cues. Non dividing cells may exit the
cell cycle; or hold at a particular stage in the cell cycle.
I can explain how mitosis passes a complete genome from the
parent cell to daughter cells.
a.
Mitosis occurs after DNA replication.
b. Mitosis followed by cytokinesis produces two genetically
identical daughter cells.
c.
Mitosis plays a role in growth, repair, and asexual
reproduction.
d. Mitosis is a continuous process with observable
structural features along the mitotic process (replication,
alignment and separation of DNA).
Quiz – chapter 19

AP Lab 7 – Part 1:
Modeling Mitosis


Monday
February 29

(Begin soaking onions for
AP Lab 7 – Part 2 )
Chapter 12 one-pager due
Monday!
Complete Data & Analysis
questions for AP Lab 7 Part 1
Continue
reading/videoing/reviewing
chapter 12
Continue
reading/videoing/reviewing
chapter 12
Mitosis Bioflix (Mastering
Biology)
Tuesday
March 1
Wednesday
March 2
Thursday
March 3
POGIL Cell Cycle
Regulation
Review Cell Cycle
Regulation
Cell Cycle Regulation
game
M&M Chi-Square Lab
Chi Square POGIL
AP Lab 7 – Part 2: Effects
of Environment on Mitosis

Mastering Biology chapter 12
quiz by 11:59pm

Write null and experimental
hypotheses for AP Lab 7 – Part 2

Complete Chi-square calculations
and analysis questions for AP Lab
7 – Part 2
Answer the 6 Pre-Lab questions
for AP Lab 7 – Part 3

Friday
March 4
(End of 3rd
Quarter)
Monday
March 7
Tuesday
March 8
School Improvement Day
(4 hour student attendance)
Quiz – chapter 12
AP Lab 7 – Part 3: Loss of
Cell Cycle Control in
Cancer (Karyotyping
Cancer Cells)
AP Lab 7 – Part 3: Loss of
Cell Cycle Control in
Cancer (Karyotyping
Cancer Cells)
Meiosis & Life Cycles
Overview
Meiosis, Haploid – Diploid
practice
Chapter 13 – Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
1. I can explain that in eukaryotes, heritable information is passed to
the next generation via processes that include meiosis plus
fertilization.
2. I can explain how meiosis, reduction division, followed by
fertilization ensures genetic diversity in sexually reproducing
organisms.
a.
Meiosis ensures that each gamete receives one complete
haploid (1n) set of chromosomes.
b. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes are paired,
with one homologue originating from the maternal
parent and the other from the paternal parent.
Orientation of the chromosome pairs is random with
respect to the poles.
c.
Separation of the homologous chromosomes ensures
that each gamete receives a haploid (1n) set of
chromosomes composed of both maternal and paternal

Complete karyotypes and
analysis questions for AP Lab 7
Part 3


Read, take notes Chapter 13
Chapter 13 one-pager due
Thursday, 3/10
Answer the 8 Pre-Lab questions
for AP Lab 7 – Part 4

chromosomes.
During meiosis, homologous chromatids exchange
genetic material via a process called “crossing over,”
which increases genetic variation in the resultant
gametes.
e. Fertilization involves the fusion of two gametes, increases
genetic variation in populations by providing for new
combinations of genetic information in the zygote, and
restores the diploid number of chromosomes.
I can explain that sexual reproduction in eukaryotes involving
gamete formation, including crossing-over during meiosis and the
random assortment of chromosomes during meiosis, and
fertilization serve to increase genetic variation. Reproduction
processes that increase genetic variation are evolutionarily
conserved and shared by various organisms.
d.
3.
Wednesday
March 9

AP Lab 7 – Part 4:
Modeling Meiosis
AP Lab 7 – Part 5: Meiosis
& Crossing over in
Sordaria


Thursday
March 10
Meiosis Bioflix (Mastering
Biology)
Review Mendel’s
experiments/laws
Environmental influence
on gene expression
Genetics Practice #1 , #2,
#3, & #7
(monohybrids, dihybrids,
advanced and other
patterns of inheritance)
Friday
March 11
Chapter 14 – Mendel and the Gene Idea
1. I can apply rules of probability to analyze passage of single gene
traits from parent to offspring.
2. I can explain how segregation and independent assortment of
chromosomes result in genetic variation.
a.
Segregation and independent assortment can be applied
to genes that are on different chromosomes.
b. The pattern of inheritance (monohybrid, dihybrid) can be
often predicted from data that gives the parent
genotype/phenotype and /or the offspring
phenotypes/genotypes.
3. I can explain how certain human genetic disorders can be attributed
to the inheritance of single gene traits, such as:
a.
Sickle cell anemia
b. Tay-Sachs disease
c.
Huntington’s disease
4. I can explain how environmental factors influence many traits both
directly and indirectly, such as:
a.
Height and weight in humans
b. Flower color based on soil pH
c.
Seasonal fur color in arctic animals
5. I can explain how an organism’s adaptation to the local environment
reflects a flexible response of its genome, such as:
a.
Darker fur color in cooler regions of the body in certain
mammal species
6. I can explain how many traits are the product of multiple genes
and/or physiological processes.
a.
Patterns of inheritance of many traits do not follow ratios
predicted by Mendel’s laws and can be identified by
quantitative analysis, where observed phenotypic ratios
statistically differ from the predicted ratios (such as
polygenic traits).
7. I can explain that many ethical, social and medical issues surround
human genetic disorders, such as:
a.
Reproduction issues
b. Civic issues, such as ownership of genetic information,
privacy, historical contexts, etc.

Chapter 15 – The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
1. I can explain that the chromosomal basis of inheritance provides an
understanding to the pattern of passage (transmission) of genes
from parents to offspring.



Videos:
o
Bozeman Mitosis and
Meiosis – focus on
meiosis part
o
Crash Course Meiosis
Chapter 13 one-pager due
tomorrow
Complete Data & Analysis
questions for AP Lab 7 – Part 5
Mastering Biology chapter 13
quiz by 11:59pm
Read, take notes Chapter 14
Chapter 14 one-pager due
Monday, 3/14
Quiz – chapter 13-14
Rules of
Multiplication/Addition
and Genetics
Practice Math in Genetics
Monday
March 14
Human Genetic disorders
Pedigree Analysis


Mastering Biology chapter 14
quiz by 11:59pm
Read, take notes Chapter 15
Chapter 15 one-pager due
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Tuesday
March 15
Sex-Linked Traits & Gene
Linkage Maps
I can explain how segregation and independent assortment of
chromosomes result in genetic variation.
a.
Genes that are adjacent and close to each other on the
same chromosome tend to move as a unit; the
probability that they will segregate as a unit is a function
of the distance between them.
b. The pattern of inheritance (sex-linked, genes on the same
homologous chromosome) can be often predicted from
data that gives the parent genotype/phenotype and /or
the offspring phenotypes/genotypes.
I can explain how certain human genetic disorders can be attributed
to the inheritance of single gene traits or specific chromosomal
changes, such as nondisjunction, such as:
a.
X-linked color blindness
b. Trisomy 21/Down syndrome
c.
Klinefelter’s syndrome
I can explain how some traits are determined by genes on sex
chromosomes, such as:
a.
Sex-linked genes reside on sex chromosomes (X in
humans)
b. In mammals and flies, the Y chromosome is very small
and carries few genes
c.
In mammals and flies, females are XX and males are XY;
as such, X-linked recessive traits are always expressed in
males
d. Some traits are sex-limited, and expression depends on
the sex of the individual, such as milk production in
female mammals and pattern baldness in males
I can explain how errors in mitosis and meiosis can result in changes
in phenotype.
a.
Changes in chromosome number often result in new
phenotypes, including sterility caused by triploidy and
increased vigor of other polyploids.
b. Changes in chromosome number often result in human
disorders with developmental limitations, including
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and XO (Turner syndrome).
I can explain how some traits result from nonnuclear inheritance.
a.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are randomly assorted to
gametes and daughter cells; thus, traits determined by
chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA do not follow simple
Mendelian rules.
b. In animals, mitochondrial DNA is transmitted by egg and
not by sperm; as such, mitochondrial-determined traits
are maternally inherited.
I can explain that many ethical, social and medical issues surround
human genetic disorders, such as:
a.
Reproduction issues
b. Civic issues, such as ownership of genetic information,
privacy, historical contexts, etc.
Wednesday, 3/16

Chapter 15 one-pager due
tomorrow

Mastering Biology chapter 15
quiz by 11:59pm


Happy Spring Break!
Work on AP Test Review over
break!! 
Crosses practice #5
Gene linkage map practice
Wednesday
March 16
AP Lab 7 Report Due!
Chromosomal Mutations
Chromosomal mutations
activity
Thursday
March 17
Review/Work Day
Friday
March 18
Unit 7 Test