Essential Questions for English 12: Literature of Justice
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How does an author convey the truth within the context
of his or her fiction? How do you think each of the authors
we are reading might define truth? Do you agree or
disagree with their visions of truth?
What role does truth play in the lives of the characters?
Does it change over time? In your own life, what role has
truth played? Has it changed over time? If so, how?
What is the relationship between truth, justice, and
leadership?
How does the author or playwright portray issues of
justice in the text and through the characters? How do you
relate to these issues of justice? How have you come to
understand justice?
How does literature provide guidance with which to move
out of the middle ground so that we do not become a
“white moderate”?
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GOOD MORNING!
Good Morning!
English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
Today’s Title:
“Why bother?”
Homework: Due Class #3 (Friday)
Read Dr. King’s “I have a Dream” speech.

FCA#1: Create a one page outline deconstructed from this speech.

FCA #2: Identify and write down the example of an one of the three argument
types about how King uses it effectively to move the speech forward and to be
persuasive.

FCA#3: Minimum response of 350 words. Put word count at the bottom of
the page.
Please stand for your….
Declaration of Preparation & Conscience:
1! 2! 3! 
“I’m here and I’m ready”
English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
“Why bother?”
Today’s Objectives:

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The Student Will (TSW) review the fall exam
TSW review Aristotelian Argument
TSW compose and expose examples of
Aristotelian Argument
TSW be introduced to the format of Rogerian
Argument
English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
“Why bother?”
Do Now – Type One Activity
(Respond to each – Just do it!)
Write down five things you know about
Aristotelian Argument.
Of these five, you may use or create
examples for two.
If you have no idea, ask a question…
English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
“Why bother?”
REMINDER:
We will look at three different methods or strategies:
Aristotelian
Rogerian
Toulmin
English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
“Why bother?”
Aristotelian Argument
Logos:
An appeal to readers’ sense of reason or logic.
Pathos:
An appeal to the reader’s emotions.
Audience’s emotions are aroused by language, images, examples or personal
narratives.
Ethos:
An appeal to reader’s sense of ethics and credibility.
This appeal focuses on developing credibility in the source of information.
English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
“Why bother?”
Composed Examples:
Working in pairs, create examples for each of
the three parts of Aristotelian Argument.
English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
“Why bother?”
Letter from Birmingham Jail:
Pull out your “Letters”
Homework Review:
Find an example of each in this letter
English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
“Why bother?”
Pass in your homework from last
night.
All parts of it.
English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
“Why bother?”
“Rogerian Argument”
 Summarize the opponent’s position using
neutral language
 Demonstrate your understanding of the
opposing opinion by showing you accept at
least part of that position.
 State your opinion in the context of values,
beliefs, and experiences that both sides share.
English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
“Why bother?”
“Toulmin Argument” – Part I
Claim – statement of writer’s position
English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
“Why bother?”
“Toulmin Argument” – Part I
Support – data that supports the claim
English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
“Why bother?”
“Toulmin Argument”
Warrant – conclusion drawn from support that
confirms claim
English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
“Why bother?”
“Toulmin Argument” – Part I
Claim – statement of writer’s position
 Support – data that supports the claim
 Warrant – conclusion drawn from support
that confirms claim

English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
“Why bother?”
“Toulmin Argument” – Part II
Nonessential but sometimes included:
 Backing – additional support for the warrant
 Rebuttal – a response to opposing arguments
 Qualifier – restatement of the claim in order
to make it more acceptable to more
members of the audience.
English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
“Why bother?”
“Toulmin Argument”
 Claim – statement of writer’s position
 Support – data that supports the claim
 Warrant – conclusion drawn from support that
confirms claim
Nonessential but sometimes included:
 Backing – additional support for the warrant
 Rebuttal – a response to opposing arguments
 Qualifier – restatement of the claim in order to make
it more acceptable to more members of the audience.
English 12: Literature of Justice
Unit #4 – The Rhetoric of Dr. King
November 29, 2012
LP #2
“Why bother?”
I Have a Dream
Deconstruction of Dr. King’s words.