Industrialization Spreads
Ch 9.3
California Standards
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10.3.2- Examine how scientific and technological changes and
new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic,
and cultural change (e.g., the inventions and discoveries of
James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur,
Thomas Edison).
10.3.3- Describe the growth of population, rural to urban
migration, and the growth of cities associated with the Industrial
Revolution.
10.3.5- Understand the connections among natural resources,
entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy.
10.4.1- Describe the rise of industrial economies and their link
to imperialism and colonialism.
Warm-Up
Industrialization Today
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Name countries that
are industrialized and
developing.
Create a T-Chart like
the example shown
Hint: industrialized
countries have strong
economies, while
developing nations
have weak economies
Industrialized Countries
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United States
Any European nation (Britain, France, Italy,
etc.)
Australia
Japan
Why do you think these countries
industrialized?
Developing Countries
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Most African nations
Most Asian nations
Many South American nations
Why do you think these nations have
problems industrializing?
Industrialization Spreads
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The industrialization that began in Great Britain
spread to other parts of the world.
The Industrial Revolution (I.R.) in Great Britain set
the stage for the growth of modern cities in other
countries and encouraged a “global economy”
How?...The I.R. spread to countries that had
conditions similar to those in Great Britain.
Why?...Eventually the I. R. spread to the U.S. and
to continental Europe because other countries want
to adopt the profitable new methods of
manufactured goods.
Industrialization Spreads
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Industrialization is going to spread to……
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United States
Belgium
Germany
Other places in Europe based on region not
country
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Spain’s Catalonia
Northern Italy
Moscow, Russia
United States
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The United States possessed the same
resources that allowed Britain to industrialize
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Rivers
Rich deposits of coal and iron ore
Supply of laborers
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Farm workers
– Immigrants
United States
Textile Industries
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Industrialization began in the textile industry.
Britain tried to keep the secrets of
industrialization to themselves
However, Samuel Slater, a British mill worker,
emigrated to the U.S. and built a spinning
machine
Moses Brown opened first factory in the U.S.
housing Slater’s machines
United States
Textile Industries
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As inventions led to more innovations,
Francis Cabot Lowell of Boston and a few
others revolutionized the American textile
industry.
They mechanized every stage in the
manufacturing of cloth.
By late 1820s, Lowell, Massachusetts, had
become a booming manufacturing center
and model for other towns.
United States
Textile Industries
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Thousands of single young women flocked
from their rural homes to work as mill girls in
factory towns.
Now they made higher wages and had some
independence
Worked more than 12 hours a day, 6 days a
week, for decent wages
United States
Industrial Expansion
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Post Civil War technological boom
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Wealth of natural resources
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Burst of inventions
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Oil, coal, iron
Light bulb and telephone
Growing urban population
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Large market to consume goods
United States
Industrial Expansion
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Railroads p. 296
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Allowed cities to expand rapidly
Cities were able to sell their products to the rest of
the country
Railroads became a profitable business and set
the standards for business in the U.S.
United States
Industrial Expansion
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Rise of Corporations
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Building large businesses like the railroads required a lot of money.
Entrepreneurs sold shares of stock (shares of the business
ownership) to gain funding (capital)
The people who bought up the stock became part owners of these
businesses, called corporations (a business owned by
stockholders who share in the profits but are not personally
responsible for its debts.).
Corporation were then able to gather large amounts of capital to
invest in industrial equipment.
In the late 1800s, companies like Standard Oil and Carnegie Steel
Company sprang up and tried to control every aspect of their
own industries in order to earn great profits.
Corporations Today
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McDonald’s
Wal-Mart
Microsoft
Sony
Billabong
Continental Europe Industrializes
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European countries wanted to adopt the British profitable
new ways of making manufactured goods.
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Troubles sparked by the French Revolution and
Napoleonic Wars delayed industrialization.
– Halted trade
– Interrupted communication
– Caused inflation in some parts of the continent
Belgium
Belgium
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Belgium led Europe in
adopting Britain’s new
technology
It had rich deposits of iron
ore and coal
Waterways for transportation
British carpenter, William
Cockerill, illegally made his
way to Belgium with secret
plans for building spinning
machinery
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His son built an enormous
industrial enterprise in
eastern Belgium.
Produced mechanical
equipment, steam engines,
and railway locomotives.
Germany
Germany
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Delayed Industrialization
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Politically divided in the
early 1800s
Economic isolation
Scattered resources
Pockets of industrialization
appeared
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Ruhr Valley of west central
Germany
Around 1835, Germany
began to borrow from the
British.
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Imported equipment and
engineers
Built railroads that linked its
manufacturing cities with its
natural resources
Economic strength led to
military strength as Germany
became a industrial and
military giant
France
France
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Sustained growth occurred after 1830
More measured and controlled than in other
countries because their agricultural economy
remained strong.
Therefore, they avoided the great social and
economic problems caused by industrialization.
Railroad construction after 1850 created a thriving
national market for products.
Pockets of Industrialization
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Bohemia (Czech Republic) developed a
spinning industry
Spain’s Catalonia processed more cotton
than Belgium
Northern Italy mechanized its textile
production
Moscow (Russia) ran factories with serf labor
Pockets of Industrialization
Spain
Bohemia
Russia
Italy
Obstacles to Industrial Growth
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French Revolution and wars
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Halted trade
Interrupted communication
Caused inflation in some parts of the continent
Political disunity
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German Confederation
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Social structure
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Geographic problems
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Austria-Hungary’s mountains halted railroads
Spain lacked both good roads and waterways for canals
The Impact of Industrialization
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It increased competition between industrialized
nations and poverty in less-developed
To keep factories running and workers fed,
industrialized countries required a steady supply of
raw materials from less-developed lands.
Poor countries were viewed as markets for
industrialized products
This led to many industrialized nations extending
their rule over many less developed nations, a
concept called Imperialism