Industrialization
Industrialization
Basic Vocabulary
What is Industrialization?
• The change from a
farming economy to
a machine economy.
The “modernizing”
of a place.
What is the Factory System?
• Making products
with employees as
quickly as
possible.
What is Urbanization?
• The movement of
people from farms
(rural areas) to
cities (urban
areas).
What is Migration?
• The movement of
people into a new
place.
What are Reform Movements?
• Movements that
try to fix or reform
problems with
society.
The Inventions of
Industrialization
What was the Cotton Gin?
• A machine that quickly
and easily separates
cotton fibers from their
seeds.
• Unfortunately, the
cotton gin led to the
growth of slavery
because cotton became
more profitable.
What are Interchangeable Parts?
• When parts of a
machine are
replaceable.
• Now, things can be
made and fixed
more quickly and
easily.
What was the Factory System?
• The use of
machines,
workers, and
interchangeable
parts to make
things faster and
easier.
What was the Erie Canal?
• Connects the
Hudson River to
the Great Lakes.
• Cut transportation
costs by 95%.
What was the Steamboat?
• Boats that used engines
for power.
• Now, boats can travel
downstream and
upstream.
• Steamboats made trade
and travel faster, cheaper,
and easier.
What was the impact of the
railroad?
• Cars on rails that
could carry a great
amount of weight.
• Trains made trade
and travel faster,
cheaper, and
easier.
What was Bessemer Steel Process?
• First fast and
cheap way to
make steel. This
eventually led to
bigger buildings
(skyscrapers),
bridges, and
railroads.
What was the Mechanical Reaper?
• A machine that cuts
and gathers crops.
• Mechanical reapers
allowed farmers to
grow more and use
less workers.
What was the Telegraph?
• Machine that
transmits electric
signals over wires
from location to
location.
• First way to
communicate long
distance quickly.
Causes and Effects of
Industrialization
How did the War of 1812 cause
Industrialization?
• When the British
interfered with
American trade,
the Americans had
to create their
own factories
instead of relying
on Europe.
How did Industrialization lead to
Urbanization?
• People started to move
close to their factory jobs.
This movement led to
bigger cities.
• Urbanization is an effect
of Industrialization.
How did Industrialization lead to
Pollution?
• Early factories polluted a
lot.
• Cities in the 1800s were
incredibly polluted.
• Living conditions were
usually very bad.
How did Industrialization lead to
Immigration?
• Workers from all over
the world, but mostly
Ireland, China, and
Japan came to
America looking for
work/opportunity.
• America became a mix
of many cultures.
How did Industrialization lead to
Consumerism (Shopping)?
• Machines make things
faster and cheaper.
• Steamboats, trains, and
canals mean they are
moved faster and cheaper.
• People can now buy more.
Northern, Southern, and
Western Economies
How did Industrialization affect the
North?
•Cities grew in the North
much more than in the
South.
•The Industrial Revolution
and the revolutions in
transportation and
communication had the
greatest impact on the
North.
How did Industrialization affect the
South?
• The Southern Economy was
dependent on slavery.
• Cotton in particular made the
South a lot of money.
• Smaller cities, people lived far
a part on farms and
plantations.
How did Industrialization affect the
West?
• The west was getting
populated at a very fast
pace.
• Ranching and farming were
key businesses in the west.
• The railroad connected the
west to the rest of the
country.
Industrialization
and Free Enterprise
Who was Adam Smith?
• Wrote “The Wealth of
Nations” in 1776.
• Promoted the idea that
countries should let
people make their own
economic decisions.
This idea is called Free
Enterprise.
What is Laissez Faire Economics?
• Laissez Faire means
countries stay away
from businesses and
people’s choices.
• Adam Smith believed
this was best.