ERIK ERIKSON
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FREUD
Psychosexual Development
ERIKSON
PSYCHOSOCIAL Development
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EPIGENETIC PRINCIPLE
There Is A Natural, Predetermined
Order To Development.
Personality growth follows a sequence
of inner, predetermined laws.
Each person develops through a
sequence of stages that emerge in
accordance with this preset plan.
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At each stage a person is confronted
with a CRISIS that must be resolved.
Each crisis is represented by a healthy
versus an unhealthy resolution that can
be represented as polar opposites on a
straight line.
Trust---------------------------------------------------------Mistrust
A person’s social environment has an
extremely important effect on how each
crisis is resolved, but it does not
determine the order in which stages
emerge!
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Thus, there is a predetermined, genetic
plan of what constitutes a healthy
personality (a positive resolution at
each stage).
What constitutes a healthy personality
is not arbitrary or socially determined.
The epigenetic principle states that
there is a universal, biologically
determined conception of what a
healthy personality is.
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The stages are sequential but they are
NOT HIERARCHICAL.
Each new stage emerges according to
the predetermined biological plan
irrespective of how successful the
resolution of the previous stage was.
However, the unhealthy resolution of a
stage negatively affects the resolution
of all subsequent stages.
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THE STAGES
8. Integrity vs. Despair
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Diffusion)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
2. Autonomy vs. Shame
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
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COMPARISON OF STAGES
FREUD
ERIKSON
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•
•
•
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Genital
5. Identity vs. Role Diffusion
Latency
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
Oedipal
3. Initiative vs. guilt
Anal
2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Oral
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
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ERIKSON’S ADULT STAGES
8. Integrity vs. Despair
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (self-absorption)
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
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STAGE AND AGE
8. Integrity vs. Despair
Old age
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation
Adulthood
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
20s
5. Identity vs. Role Diffusion
12-18 (approx.)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
6-12 (approx.)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
3-6
2. Autonomy vs. Shame
2-3
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
0-1
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SIGNIFICANT RELATIONS
8. Integrity vs. Despair
humankind (my kind)
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation divided labor, shared
household
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
partners: friends,
sex,competition, cooperation
5. Identity vs. Role Diffusion
peer and other groups
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
neighborhood, school
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
basic family
2. Autonomy vs. Shame
parental persons
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
maternal person
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GOALS OF EACH STAGE
Stage
Ideal Achievement
8. Integrity vs. Despair
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
5. Identity vs. Role Diffusion
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
2. Autonomy vs. Shame
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
Wisdom, Inner peace
Care
Love
Fidelity
Competence
Purpose
Will Power
Hope
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