9/9
Do Now: Turn in Student Information Sheet and signed syllabus
Aim: What does The Devil in the White City tell us about life in the late
1800s?
Objectives: You will be able to…
• Analyze the title and themes of the book
•Describe the politics, economy, technology, and culture of the late
1800s
•Evaluate the impact of the Chicago World’s Fair
Agenda:
The Devil in the White City Discussion
Homework: C Block- None
D Block- Read “9 Questions about Syria” and answer the following
question in a paragraph: How should the US respond to Syria’s
alleged use of chemical weapons?
9/10
Do Now: Citizenship Test
Aim: What do you know about history? How do we study history?
Objectives: You will be able to…
• Define history and historiography
• Differentiate primary, secondary, tertiary sources
•Evaluate the pros and cons of using various types of sources
Agenda:
Intro Activities
Historiography
Evaluation of Sources
Books and Seats
Homework: Read Chapter 12 Section 1 and complete the chart about it
9/12
Do Now: What were the short-term and long-term effects of the Civil
War?
Aim: How did the government, groups, and individuals attempt to
rebuild the United States after the Civil War?
Objectives: You will be able to…
• Define Reconstruction
• Explain the goals of Reconstruction
• Describe various plans to rebuild the nation during Reconstruction
•Evaluate the effects of Reconstruction
Agenda:
Intro to Reconstruction
Effects of Reconstruction Discussion
Homework: Read and take notes on Chapter 12 Section 3
The United States After the Civil War
Excerpt from the Journal of Gertrude Thomas
Belmont, Monday, June 12, 1865. I must confess
to you my journal that I do most heartily dispise
Yankees, Negroes and everything connected with
them. The theme has been sung in my hearing
until it is a perfect abomination—I positively
instinctively shut my ears when I hear the hated
subject mentioned and right gladly would I be
willing never to place my eyes upon another as
long as I live. Everything is entirely reversed. I feel
no interest in them whatever and hope I never
will—
The United States After the Civil War
Reconstruction Overview
• The time period from 1865-1877 during which
the US began to rebuild itself after the Civil War
• Presidents, Congress, state governments, and
individuals worked towards reconstructing the
nation and solving its problems, but had different
ideas on how to do it
• Although many of its efforts were cut short,
Reconstruction had some lasting effects
What were the goals of Reconstruction?
How did the federal government attempt to
achieve these goals?
Federal Reconstruction Efforts
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Re-admittance of Confederate States
Thirteenth Amendment (1865)
Freedmen’s Bureau (1865-1872)
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Fourteenth Amendment (1868)
Fifteenth Amendment (1870)
Enforcement Act of 1870
Physically Rebuilding the Postwar South
• Republican state governments took on public
works projects to repair physical damage and
meet social needs
Politically Rebuilding the Postwar South
• Difficult to bring together everyone
as political equals
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Democrats
Republicans
Southerners
Northerners
Whites
Blacks
Socially Rebuilding the Postwar South
• Blacks attempted to live
freely by moving, reuniting
with family, gaining an
education, and being active
in churches, volunteer
groups and politics
• But many white Southerners
struggled with accepting
defeat and racial equality
Economically Rebuilding the Postwar South
• Some blacks
become landowners
• Sharecropping
developed on
plantations
• Southern economy
began to diversify
because cotton is
no longer “king”
• But the South
remained way
behind the North
Sharecropping
• A system in which
landowners divided their
land and gave each
worker a few acres, some
seeds, and tools in
exchange for the owner
giving a share of his crop
back to the landowner
• Developed as a
compromise between
redistributing land to
slaves and reinstituting
gang labor
Analyzing Sharecropping
What effects did Reconstruction
have on the nation?
9/13
Do Now: Why do some call Reconstruction “the second Civil War?”
Aim: What led to the end of Reconstruction? What impact did
Reconstruction and its collapse have on the US?
Objectives: You will be able to…
• Explain what led to the collapse of Reconstruction and the
Compromise of 1877
• Evaluate the impact of Reconstruction and whether it was a failure or
success
•Describe post-Reconstruction race relations
Agenda:
Colfax Massacre
Collapse of Reconstruction Review
Discuss Impact of Reconstruction
Overview of Post- Reconstruction America
Homework: Read and annotate Industrialization article, answer
questions
Reconstruction only lasted until 1877.
What events/actions led to its collapse?
Contributions to the Collapse of ReconstructionGrowth of White Southern Opposition
• The opposition of white
Southerners hurt
Reconstruction efforts
– Terrorist organizations like
the KKK were successful in
limiting the rights of African
Americans and restoring
white supremacy in the
South
– The Amnesty Act (1872) and
the expiration of the
Freedmen’s Bureau caused
southern Democrats to gain
political power
Contributions to the Collapse of ReconstructionCorruption in the Republican Party
• Corruption in the
Republican Party during
Grant’s administration
discredited the
Republican Party, took
attention away from
Reconstruction, and
made it harder to
continue Reconstruction
– Credit Mobilier Affair
– Liberal Republican Party
– Whiskey Ring Scandal
Contributions to the Collapse of ReconstructionEconomic Turmoil
• Economic turmoil also
took the nation’s
attention away from
Reconstruction
– Financial failures of the
panic of 1873 caused a
5-year depression
– Debates over whether
the country should use
greenbacks or the gold
standard grew
Contributions to the Collapse of ReconstructionSupreme Court Decisions
• Supreme Court decisions in the 1870s
undermined Reconstruction
– Slaughterhouse cases, US v. Cruikshank and
US v. Reese severely limited the rights that
the 14th and 15th Amendments protected
The Collapse of Reconstruction
• Reconstruction collapsed because of
– Continued opposition by white Southerners
– Lack of support by Northerners and the
Supreme Court
• The collapse of Reconstruction was
signaled by Democrats fully “redeeming”
the South (regaining political control over
the South) in 1877
The Compromise of 1877
• In 1876, Tilden (Democrat) won the popular vote but not
the electoral college
• The commission appointed to deal with the issue was
controlled by Republicans and gave the election to
Hayes (Republican)
• But the House (controlled by Democrats) had to approve
the election results- accepted Hayes on the conditions
that
– Federal troops were removed from the South
– Money was given to infrastructure projects in the South
– Hayes appointed a conservative Southerner to his Cabinet
• Signaled the end of Reconstruction because it caused
Democrats to control all southern state governments and
achieve home rule- used home rule to restrict the rights
of African Americans, slash taxes, and decrease social
programs
Was Reconstruction a success or
failure? Why?
Post-Reconstruction Race
Relations
• Blacks struggled to
overcome
discrimination and the
legacy of slavery
– Limited educational and
economic opportunities
– Disenfranchisement
– Development of Jim
Crow segregation
Key Trends in Turn-of-the-Century
America
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Settlement of the West
Industrialization
Immigration
Urbanization
Growth of Big Business and Labor Unions
Discrimination
Corrupt Politics
Improvements in Science, Technology, and Education
Dawn of Mass Culture
Progressivism
Imperialism and War
• Despite its discrimination, corruption, and urban/economic problems,
it was a time of great growth and advancement that helped create
modern America