The following document is a running list of vocabulary terms for the
Carbohydrate, Lipid and Protein unit for Biology. The unit is one of the larger
units and contains a lot of vocabulary to keep straight. In order the help the
students I have created this study option for home.
Key terms will be added as we introduce them in class- I will put the new
terms in a new chart to cut down on printing waste, but the same document
will be sent home each time.
A copy of this document will also be posted on my teacher website located
at: http://www.greenwoodsd.org/Page/1009
To use as Flash Cards:
1. Cut only on solid lines.
2. Fold the card on the dotted line and put a small piece of tape on
the open end to secure and make the flash card that should show
the definition on one side and the vocabulary word on the other.
To Use a Matching Activity:
1. Cut the chart apart completely by cutting on all lines.
2. Have your child mix up the cards and try to match the correct
definition with the correct vocabulary term.
(A second chart can be printed to act as a key)
monomer
Small molecules that ling together to build larger
molecules
polymer
DNA is this type of molecule because it is made by
lining many nucleotides together
nucleotide
Building block of DNA, base/sugar/phosphate
chromosome
Molecules of DNA
nucleus
Organelle that stores DNA
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
gene
Specific sets of directions (regions of DNA) for
building(code for) a protein
Hydrogen bond
Holds base pairs together
Double helix
3D shape of DNA
polymerase
Enzyme that adds nucleotides to parent strands
during replication; corrects mistakes during
replication “proofreader”
Semi-conservative
Each daughter DNA molecule has 1 original parent
strand
Dna replication
Process that must occur before a cell divides
sugar
Deoxyribose
phosphate
Part of DNA helix; “rails” that connects to sugars
base
Part of the nucleotide that can change
Adenine
Pairs with thymine
Thymine
Pairs with adenine
cytosine
Pairs with guanine
guanine
Pairs with cytosine
Uracil
Pairs with Adenine in RNA (replaces Thynine)
Genome
An organisms complete set of DNA
proteome
An organisms complete set of proteins
mrna
A copy of a gene in DNA
trna
Carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome
rrna
A part of the ribosome (along with proteins);
catalyzes peptide bonds between amino acids
during translation
RNA
“The messenger” that takes information from
genes in DNA out of the nucleus to the ribosome;
bases AUCG, single stranded, smaller,
sugar=deoxyribose
Transcription
Genes in DNA are copied to mRNA
translation
Process of linking amino acids together to build
proteins
codons
Triplet bases in mRNA
anticodons
Triplet bases in tRNA