CHAPTER 27
World War II
US ISOLATIONISM
WWI leads to WWII
 Kellogg-Briand Pact
 Expansionist Japan
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Stiminson Doctrine
Good Neighbor policy- Removal of Platt
Amendment
 Nye Committee
 Neutrality acts 1935- prohibit sale of arms to
belligerents and later added no loans
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Did not distinguish between victim and aggressor
Panay incident
US INTERVENTION
Neutrality acts 1937- Cash and Carry
 Quarantine Speech
 1938 Munich Pact signed
 US passes first ever peacetime draft
 Lend-Lease: provide the arsenal of Democracy
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Later extended to Soviet Union
US occupation of Greenland and Iceland
 Atlantic Charter- how to ensure allied victory
(war), creation of United Nations, principles held
in common by Churchill and FDR
 Embargo upon Japan and froze assests
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PACIFIC
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Japan expansionism
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Resources (oil) and see as leader
Invade Manchuria in ‘31
Invade French Indochina (Laos, Cambodia and
Vietnam)
After embargos must fight
Dec. 7th, 1941 Pearl Harbor attacked same day
attacked Philippines, Guam, Midway and GB’s Malay
and Hong Kong
Dec. 10, 1941 Hitler and Mussolini Declares war
on US
GLOBAL WAR
Germany first – greater threat
 U-boat war- U-boats nearing US east coast
 General Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox) nearing
Suez Canal with Afrika Corps
 Gen. MacArthur forced to flee Philippines
Grand Alliance
 Allies –big three-Stalin, Churchill, FDR
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No second front in Russia-focus in North Africa
 Operation Torch- under command of Dwight
Eisenhower
 Battle of Midway
 Solomon Islands
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MOBILIZATION
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"the arsenal of democracy“
Industries converted to war production
increased the dominance of larger corporations.
Scientists also made critical contributions.
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Manhattan Project
Sonar and radar usage
War production =shortages and dislocations.
Labor unions made gains.
John L. Lewis insisted on winning major concessions
even if it hurt war production.
The need for income, new opportunities, and a sense
of patriotism all attracted women, even those married
and with children, to jobs.
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Executive order 9066: Japanese-Americans were
herded into concentration camps.
Traditional forms of prejudice limited the
opportunities of African-Americans and Hispanics.
Black leader A. Philip Randolph pressured Roosevelt
into creating the Fair Employment Practices
Commission.
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The movement of minorities into industrial centers often
created violent frictions.
Partisan politics continued. The foes of New Deal
reform used the war as an excuse to end programs
they opposed.
WINNING THE WAR AND THE PEACE
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The Allies –Italy first
stormed the beaches of Normandy on D-Day, June 6, 1944.
Battle of the Bulge- German counterattack, the Allies marched
toward Berlin.
By that time the forces of General MacArthur and Admiral Nimitz
had moved within bomber range of Japan.
Yalta in February 1945, Roosevelt had secured a Soviet pledge to
enter the war against Japan, but serious divisions had arisen over
Poland and Germany.
Yalta marked the final and most controversial episode of Roosevelt's
diplomatic stewardship. Critics later charged that he had sold out
American and Allied interests to the Communists; defenders pointed
out that Roosevelt's concessions to Stalin on Poland, Eastern Europe,
and Asia were unavoidable. Roosevelt died just weeks before the
German surrender.
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In liberating Germany and Poland, Allied armies confronted the
grisly evidence of the Holocaust.
Hitler had ordered the systematic extermination (final solution) of
Europe's Jews and other groups stigmatized by Nazi ideology.
Harry Truman -United Nations and new international economic
institutions into being, as well as managing increasingly strained
relations with the Soviet Union.
The first successful test of an atomic bomb led to its use on two
Japanese cities. The horror of those attacks brought the war swiftly to
an end.
"World War II changed everything," an admiral remarked. It
increased global interdependence -- politically and economically. In
America it especially promoted economic centralization and
government growth. And it made the United States the world's
greatest power, with at least a temporary monopoly on the world's
most awesome weapon.