Bellwork 10/9
• We have discussed the reasons for the
creation of Jamestown and the New
England Colonies (profit, religious
reasons), if you were going to start a
colony, what would your reason be?
Explain why you chose this.
Essential Question
• By the end of this lesson, you should be able to tell
me…
• Why were Maryland, the Carolinas, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Georgia created?
4.4 Southern and
middle colonies
Maryland
 English Catholics also came to America to
escape religious persecution, like the Puritans
 Many English leaders felt that English Catholics
would give aid to Catholic countries, like France
and Spain
 Cecilius Calvert, AKA Lord Baltimore, was
granted a charter to found a new colony he called
Maryland, after England’s queen Henrietta Maria
 Proprietors – owners
o Maryland was a proprietary colony; owned by a group
of people
 Baltimore intended for the colony to be a refuge, or
safe place, for English Catholics
 Protestants began moving into Maryland around the
1640s
 Religious conflicts between the two groups started.
 Lord Baltimore created the Toleration Act of 1649,
which made restricting the religious rights of
Christians a crime.
o This was one of the first laws supporting religious
tolerance passed in the English colonies
The Carolinas
 In 1663, Charles II gave the land between
Virginia and Spanish Florida to eight of his
supporters
 These proprietors named the new southern
colony Carolina, the Latin form of Charles
 In 1712, the colony was divided into North
and South Carolina
 North Carolina had few plantations, towns
or churches until the 1700s, mostly smaller
farms
 South Carolina drew many settlers from other
English colonies, especially in the Caribbean.
o These colonists brought their enslaved
Africans with them
o SC became one of the first colonies to depend
mainly on slave labor
 Some colonists tried to grow rice in the swampy
land of SC
o Rice production required many workers,
which led to more slaves
o By 1730 there were about 20,000 enslaved
Africans and about 10,000 white settlers
New York and New
Jersey
 The Dutch founded New Netherland as a
trading post for exchanging furs with the
Iroquois
 General Peter Stuyvesant (sty-va-sent) took control
of the colony as a dictator in 1647
 In 1664, the English fleet took over New
Netherland and renamed it New York
 Soon after, the English expanded into territory they
called New Jersey
 Both New York and New Jersey benefited from
the fur trade, wheat production, and overseas
trade.
Pennsylvania
 William Penn – an original proprietor of New
Jersey
o Wanted to found his own colony that would
provide a safe home for Quakers
 This colony became known as Pennsylvania
 Quakers – Protestant religious group (sect)
o AKA The Society of Friends
 They dressed plainly and rejected formal religious
practices
 Supported nonviolence and religious tolerance
Separated at birth?
William Penn
Quaker Oats guy
• There is no official ties to Quakers and Quaker Oats
• It is a marketing ploy for people to buy their product
• Businessmen felt the Quaker ideals of “integrity,
honesty, purity — provided an appropriate identity for
the company's oat product”
What Penn did
o Penn tried to create a government that would
be fair to all its people, and care for the poor
o He limited his own power
o He provided ways of changing the colony’s
laws to reflect what the people wanted
o Sold land to colonists at low prices
o Promised religious freedom to all Christians
 Penn named the capital Philadelphia, The City of
Brotherly Love
 Penn designed the city, laid out in a checkerboard
pattern that was used by later city planners
Georgia
 1732 King George II granted a charter to James
Oglethorpe to found Georgia
o They received permission to start a colony for poor
English citizens
 Including people who were jailed for unpaid debts
 Oglethorpe did not want Georgia to have large
plantations, but instead smaller farms
o He outlawed slavery and limited the size of land
grants to reach this goal
 Many settlers grew tired of these rules, and wanted to
allow slavery and larger farms
 Eventually, Georgia was made a royal colony with new
laws, filled with large rice plantations and thousands
of slaves.