Programme Advisory Committee for Nuclear Physics
29th meeting, 22 - 23 January 2009
Prospects for the development at FLNR of the
experimental base for heavy-ion physics
research and proposals into the Plan for the
Development of JINR for 2010–2016
S.N. Dmitriev
FLNR JINR
1
Basic directions of researches
Heavy and superheavy elements
 Synthesis and investigation of properties
and structure of supeheavy isotopes;
 Chemistry of new elements;
 Fusion and fission of heavy nuclei.
 Nuclei in the vicinity of drip-lines
 Properties and structure of exotic nuclei;
 Reactions with exotic nuclei.
 Radiation effects and physical bases of
nanotechnology

DRIBs complex
DRIBs from 2004 to 2008

2004 year Run
3 10 pps
I ( He ) 
7
1 pA( Li )
6
6

2006 year Run
2 10 pps
I ( He ) 
7
2 pA( Li )
7
6
52 10 pps
I ( He ) 
7
32 pA( Li )
7

2008 year Run
6
Production of new RIB’s at ACCULINNA fragment
separator and experiments in 2009
Primary
18O,
1pA@48 AMeV
15N,
1pA@48 AMeV
(beryllium target 2mm)
Secondary
11Li
~ 2*103
s-1, 35 AMeV
12Be
~ 6*104
s-1, 35 AMeV
14Be
~ 103 s-1, 35 AMeV
-
15B
~ 5*104 s-1, 35 AMeV
-
Purpose
10He
structure
12He
13Li
Reaction
Est.Events
Date
11Li
+ d → 3He + 10He 200/month
12Be + 12C → 14O + 10He
50/month
Jan.’09
14Be
End ’09
+ 12C → 14O + 12He
11Li + t → p + 13Li
?
?
Operation time
of the U400 cyclotron (SHE)
Synthesis of Super Heavy Elements
6 Years
- Total time of experiments
3 Years
- Total doze of 48Ca beam
2.5 x 1020
- Average intensity of ion beam
(calendar)
~ 0,5 pμA
6
Number of observed decay chains
Element 118
3
Element 116 26
Element 115
4
Element 114 43
Element 113
2
Element 112
8
Planned experiments at
U400 cyclotron
Synthesis of superheavy nuclei:
Synthesis of element Z=117:


48Ca
+ 249Bk (249Bk - target)
50Ti + 243Am (50Ti – beam);
Search for alternative methods for synthesis of SHE,
search for nuclei around N=184 closed shell:
 study of fusion mechanisms;
 use of ions heavier than 48Ca;
 fusion of accelerated fission fragments,
 multi nucleon transfer in damped collisions.
8
1
243Am
115/287 115/288
+ 48Ca
16 new neutron- rich isotopes
of the heaviest elements
32 ms
87 ms
2
113/283 113/284
0.10 s
249Bk
0.48 s
Chemical
properties of
TRANSACTINIDES
(relativistic effect)
3
111/279111/280
0.17 s
3.6 s
4
109/275 109/276
17 ms
0.72 s
6
5
107/272 107/272
9.8 s
7
6
105/267105/268
1.2 h
30 h
7
8
+ 48Ca
8
SF
Super symmetric mode of nuclear fission because
of shell effect Z=50 and N=82 in both fragments
Production
249Bk-target
0.35 mg/cm2 = 0.88·1018at/cm2 [total ~ 10 mg]
48Ca-beam
1 pμA = 6·1012/s
time to collection beam dose 1·1019 = 19.3d
total time = 40 days
Collection efficiency of EVRs (DGFRS)
0.3
Cross section for 3n-4n channels
~2 pb
Expected decay number:
N = 0.88·1018 · 1019 · 0.3 · 2·10-36 = 5 events
10
The goal is the radical rise of overall
experiment efficiency (known problems)
Beam time is not sufficient;
 The beam intensity is not sufficient;
 The area of the U400 experimental hall is not
sufficient (150 m2);
 Pure flexibility for tests and for experiments;
 Main experimental set-ups were build in 80-tieth;
 The set of accelerated particles is not sufficient;
 No optimum beam matching to experiments.

Solution: full-scale realization of the DRIBs-project
11
DRIBs-III




Modernization of existing accelerators (U400М &
U400)
Creation of the new experimental hall (≈ 2600 м2)
Development and creation of next generation set-ups
Creation of high current heavy ion accelerator
(A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A , I≥10 pµA)
2010 - 2016
≈ 60 М$
12
U400M CYCLOTRON
Modernization
of the U400M cyclotron
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
to increase the light ion beams intensity by
the factor of 4 – 5 for producing of
secondary beams,
to improve the quality of beams,
to increase the maximal energy of
accelerated ions up to 100 MeV/A,
to improve the radiation safety conditions,
to accelerate “low” (6÷15 MeV/A) energy
ions (move some experiments from U400 to
U400M),
to extract the beams to the second
direction.
2007-2008








new axial injection line;
new “warm” ECR ion source (DECRIS-2);
new magnetic structure of the central region
of U400MR;
second beam extraction system;
new producing target for secondary beams;
new local radiation shielding;
superconducting 18-GHz primary beam ion
source DECRIS-SC2 (under testing);
“warm” 14-GHz secondary beam ion source
(under testing).
Total modernization of the target unit
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Development design of the disposable,
nonseparable, quick-detachable, target
block
6He output diagnostics from the catcher
Creation of effective neutron traps around
the target
Adjustment of the new 14 GHz ion source
Generation and acceleration of He8
New Catcher
New 14 GHz Ion Source
18
Low energy beam line (2007)
19
20
21
MASHA
22
Modernization
of the U400M cyclotron

The main goals of modernization are achieved
(the light ion beams intensity, the quality of
beams, acceleration of “low” energy ions)

The critical point becomes the operation
stability (now is ≈50%) caused by existing
infrastructure

We can not modernize it we need to create the
new one
23
U400 CYCLOTRON
24
U400  U400R goals
1) Beam intensity of masses A ≈ 50 and
energy ≈ 6 MeV/n up to 2.5 pμA
2) Ion energy variation on the target with factor 5
3) Energy spread on the target up to 10-3
4) Beam emittance on the target – 10 π mm · mrad
5) Cyclotron average magnetic field level
from 1.8 to 0.8 T
6) New equipment
The project is fully prepared!
Planned experiments at
U400 R cyclotron
Synthesis of superheavy nuclei:
Synthesis of element Z=117:
+ 249Bk (249Bk - target)
50Ti + 243Am (50Ti – beam);

Search for alternative methods for synthesis of SHE,
search for nuclei around N=184 closed shell:

48Ca
 study of fusion mechanisms;
 use of ions heavier than 48Ca;
 fusion of accelerated fission fragments,
 multi nucleon transfer in damped collisions.
Experiments with radioactive beams.
26
4
12 метров
3
218
219
220
12 метров
221
2600м2
222
223
Design by Bashevoy V.V.
224
226
227
1
2
3
4
Next generation experimental set-ups
(under discussion)









Universal gas-filled separator for synthesis and studying of
properties of SHE;
Preseparator for radiochemical and mass-spectrometric
researches
Cryogenic detector for studying chemical properties of SHE;
Systems for collecting and production of single-charged ions
in gas media (gas catcher);
Radiochemical laboratory of II class;
Separator of radioactive neutron rich nuclei for RIB
production;
Spectrometer for studying reactions induced by RIBs;
Wide aperture spectrometer of fission fragments;
………..
28
Os - isotopes
41.0%
41.0%
41.0%
at the focal plane
of MASHA
Fraction %
26.4%
26.4%
16.1%
16.1%
13.3%
13.3%
l
foca
1.64%
1.64%
beam
187
187
SC D0
D1
Q1 Q2
189
195
191
193
189
195
191
193
Isotope mass number
D2
Gas
Catcher
ct or
e
t
e
D
y
arra
e
plan
197
197
S2
MASHA
Q3
S1
D3B
D3A
intermediate
focus
0
1
2m
29
Possible solution for a new accelerator
(proposed by GSI and University of Frankfurt)
IH DTL,
108 MHz
RFQ,
108 MHz
CH DTL, supercond.
324 MHz
QWR Cavities
108 MHz
Debuncher
Energy
MeV/u
0.3
0.003
1.4
1.8 2.4
3.3
4.2
5.2 6.1
7.1
ECR
source
5
0
10
15
20
25
Z/m
Main components:
•
Room temperature RFQ and IH-DTL at 108 MHz
•
Superconducting CH-DTL (324 MHz) and QWR (108 MHz)
cyclic or linear? “cold” or “warm”?
30
Development of basic facilities for radiation
physics, radioisotope production, material
science and nanotechnological applications

New innovation projects:



design and construction of a specialized
accelerator for BETA project,
use of FLNR facilities in the frame of the
International Innovation Centre on
Nanotechnology and the special economic
zone.
Radioecological studies, production of
high-purity isotopes (178mHf, 225Ac,
236Pu, 237Pu, …)
31
Time schedules & financing
2010
4,0
2011
7,0
2012
8,0
2013
8,5
2014
10,5
≈60 М$
Modernization of existing
heavy ion cyclotron U400:
building of the equipment set
and manufacturing of
systems
2,0
installation, adjustment of
systems, launching of U400R
Creation of the new FLNR
experimental hall
requirements specification,
project
construction work
gallery, beam lines
1,0
5,0
5,0
2,0
2015
11,0
2016
12,0
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Supporting of experiments
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Development and creation of
experimental set-ups of long
term action (“physical” and
“chemical” separators,
II-class radiochemical
laboratory, etc.)
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
5.0
5,0
5,0
Creation of high intensity heavy
ion accelerator
(A≤100,E≤10 MeV·A,I≥10 pµA)
physical motivation,
specification of requirements,
project
manufacturing
10,0
1,0
installation, adjustment of
systems, launching
33
Development of experimental base
for radiation physical and
radioisotopic investigations (IC100,
МТ25, U200) and new innovative
projects (DC60М, DC72, ТМ, etc.)
projects
FLNR staff policy
Staff age distribution
Average age
22 - 35
35 - 45
45 - 60
More than
60
Scientific
divisions (128)
50
32 (2)
15 (8)
42 (27)
39 (26)
Accelerator
Divisions (116)
52
14
16 (1)
59 (8)
27 (1)
CAP (83)
(out of budget)
50
17
8 (1)
38 (9)
20 (4)
total (PhD + Doctor of Science)
This year we expect presentation of 10 new dissertations (6 PhD + 4 DSc)
1. Intake of young scientists from the member states
2. Realization of 7 year program with minimal (or zero) staff increase
Nuclear physics young staff training





JINR University Center
Nuclear department of MEPhI (Moscow)
Nuclear Department of Dubna University
International nuclear department of ENU (Astana, Kazachstan) @ JINR
Nuclear practical training for graduate and post-graduate students at FLNR
Examples of the projects proposed for students
(full list is allocated on the Web page of FLNR – about 100 projects)
project
Structure and determination of the optimal parameters of the gasfilled separator for registering the products of complete fusion
reactions
degree
BSc
contact
MSc
V. Utyonkov
Gamma and beta spectroscopy of isotopes of trasfermium elements at
VASSILISSA separator
MSc
Measurement of time of flight of radioactive nuclei at ACCULINNA
separator with diamond detectors
MSc
A. Fomichev
MSc
Yu. Penionzhkevich
Study of neutron decay of exotic nuclei
…
BSc
PhD
A. Yeremin
DRIBs-III
Modernized accelerators (U400М & U400R)
 New experimental hall (≈ 2600 м2)
 Next generation set-ups
 High current heavy ion accelerator
(A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A , I≥10 pµA)

2010 - 2016
≈ 60 М$
37
Thank you for your attention!
38