Final Exam Review!
Which component of George Washington’s
Farewell Address had the most impact on the
development of our national government?
Advice against making foreign alliances (the
country should stay neutral in all foreign affairs).
The new federal government in America did
things that would set an example for the future.
These actions could be called
precedents
George Washington made a statement that
America would not take sides in wars between
European countries. This was called
The Neutrality Proclamation
The first political parties in the country were the
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
Define national debt
Money owed by the nation (US) to other
countries and its own nation’s citizens.
What were the three parts of Hamilton’s
Economic Plan?
1. Establish a national bank where the country
could safely deposit its money, and make
loans to government and businesses.
2. The national government would take on
states debt from the Revolutionary War in
order to stimulate the national economy.
3. Pass a tariff on foreign goods to bring in
money and help American manufacturers.
What was the Whiskey Rebellion fought over?
Why is it significant?
The people rose up in rebellion against the new
federal government. Washington felt it
important that citizens use the proper channel
(petition) to show their grievance with the
government, not rebellion. He led the federal
troops against the Whiskey Rebellion to prove
the seriousness with which rebellion would be
responded.
Define judicial review.
The ability of the judicial branch to declare acts
of Congress unconstitutional.
What is significant about the case of Marbury v.
Madison?
It established the Supreme Courts power to
check acts the executive and legislative
branches.
Hamilton believed in an economy based on
manufacturing and business people.
Jefferson believed in an economy based on
Farmers.
Hamilton believed in a _______________
interpretation of the constitution which
means__________________.
Hamilton believed in a loose interpretation of
the Constitution which means the Constitution
is flexible, which enables the federal
government to take reasonable actions in
special cases as long as they are not expressly
forbidden by the Constitution.
Jefferson believed in a _______________
interpretation of the constitution which
means__________________.
Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation of
the constitution which means that the federal
government may only take actions that the
Constitution specifically permits.
Federalists believed
In a strong central government.
The main threat Americans faced in the
Northwest Territory was
Native American tribes were supplied with guns
and ammunition by the British.
What was Pinckney's Treaty?
It defined a border between the US and Spanish
Florida. The agreement also reopened the Port
of New Orleans to US shipping.
What was the significance of the Louisiana
Purchase?
• The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of
the United States.
• Helped the US challenge Spanish power in
North America
• Supplied Napoleon with funds to continue his
war with Britain.
In what ways were Lewis and Clark successful?
• Surveyed the Pacific Northwest
• Found a land route to the Pacific Ocean
through land acquired in the Louisiana
Purchase.
• Collected valuable information about western
plants and animals.
• Created alliances with Native American groups
in the Northwest.
What did the Northwest Ordinance do?
• Set a pattern for orderly growth of the US
• Banned slavery in the territory.
The War of 1812 impacted society by
• Increasing in nationalism which arose out of
the war.
• This was the beginning of the establishment of
the United States as a world power.
The Monroe Doctrine changed US relations with
Europe by
It warned the Eastern Hemisphere that an attack
or the act of colonization by them on any part of
the Americas would be viewed as a threat to the
United States.
Explain the impact of the Monroe Doctrine on
modern society.
• Increases US alliance and trade with Western
Hemisphere countries
• First document to establish US as a hegemon
(hegemon means a dominant world power)
• The philosophy of this doctrine has been at
the root of all US foreign policy ever since.
How would the lives of the people living along
the National Road have changed? Why?
• Their standard of living would have increased
because of the availability of inexpensive
goods.
• Goods could be transported more quickly and
cheaply, resulting in a lower cost to
consumers.
The American (National) Road was the first US
road
built by the federal government.
What change in technology in the early to mid1800s allowed business owners to sell their
goods in markets across the country?
The growth of railroads.
Define the Indian Removal Act of 1830
An act that required Native Americans to move
to territory west of the Mississippi River.
Define Trail of Tears
An 800 mile forced march of Cherokees to
Indian Territory west of the Mississippi that
killed ¼ of their population.
What action did the Cherokee take to resist their
removal to the West?
They sued the state of Georgia in the US court
system.
What was Supreme Court ruling in the
Cherokee’s Worcester v. Georgia case?
• Determined that Georgia laws did not apply to
the Cherokee.
• However, Both Georgia and President Jackson
ignored the ruling and forced the Cherokee to
leave their land.
Leaders of this sovereign country and the US
government agreed to take possession of this
land, following 10 years of independence from
Mexico.
Texas Annexation
The United States bought this land from a major
European power, after intending only to buy a
southern port.
Louisiana Purchase
The United States took control of this land to
ensure control of the Mississippi River.
Florida Acquisitions
The United States needed this land to ease
transportation of goods to and from the west
coast.
Gadsden Purchase
Mexico gave up this land to the United States
following the Mexican-American War.
Mexican Secession
This land was split between the United States
and Britain at the 49th parallel.
Oregon Territory
This land was ceded by Britain at the end of the
Revolutionary War as part of the 1783 Treaty of
Paris
Northwest Territory
Manifest Destiny means
The idea that the United States was bound to
expand to the Pacific Ocean and spread
democracy.
This president was known as “Mr. Manifest
Destiny” because he acquired more land for the
US than any other US president.
James Polk
Ain’t I a Woman?
Sojourner Truth a abolitionist gave the famous
speech.
Temperance Movement
The goal of reducing the amount of alcohol
consumed in the US to promote stronger
families and better moral character.
Abolitionist Movement
The movement supported by Frederick
Douglass, Harriet Tubman and William Lloyd
Garrison to end slavery
Suffrage Movement
An effort by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and others
to gain more rights for American women.
What happened in the United States that led to
the Reform Movement era in American history?
There was an awakening of the ideas aimed at
improving the lives of many groups of
Americans, known as the Great Awakening.
Which reform movement was the least
successful?
The Temperance movement.
What is Sectionalism?
Citizens develop increased feelings of pride in
their region.
Note on Civil War portion of Final Exam:
Review tests and quizzes from this section of
class.
How did the idea of popular sovereignty affect
slavery in the United States?
States or territories would vote to decide
whether to permit slavery.
What was a consequence of the Compromise of
1850?
What were the effects of the victories at
Gettysburg and Vicksburg?
• The Confederacy looses the Mississippi River
• The South faces defeat that it can not recover
from
• Union victory at Vicksburg splits the
Confederacy in two
• The south never fights another battle in the
north.
• Grant is promoted after his victory at
Vicksburg.
Describe the 13th Amendement
Abolishes slavery
Describe the 14th amendment
Gives all citizens (including African
Americans)the rights of life, liberty and property
Describe the 15th Amendment
Gave African American males the right to vote.
Compare the severity of the thee different
reconstruction plans we studied in class.
Lincoln’s plan was the most generous with a goal
at punishing no one and quickly bringing the
Union back together.
Jackson’s plan was the most severe.
What was the importance of Plessy v. Ferguson?
• Legalized segregation and discrimination.
• Separate but Equal
• The effect was a significant growth in Black
Code/ Jim Crow laws.
What effect did the Black Codes passed by
Southern state governments have on African
Americans?
Southerners worked to bring back the “old
south” or pre Civil War restrictions on African
Americans.
GOOD LUCK!