Historical Discussions for the 19th
century
Themes:
Creating an American Identity
The Role of Slavery
Manifest Destiny
The Two party System in Politics
The Industrial revolution
Transcendentalism
A country Divided
The 19th Century
• Political Changes:
– Enormously important political
events transformed America
throughout the 19th century.
– The election of 1800 resulted in a
Constitutional crisis, and other
elections were hotly contested and
widely considered fraudulent.
– Political conventions began, political
parties came and went, and some
great men were elected
• The Deadlocked Election of 1800
• The Corrupt Bargain: The Election of
1824
• The Dirtiest Campaign: The Election of
1828
• The Log Cabin and Hard Cider
Campaign of 1840
• Lincoln Goes to the White House: The
Election of 1860
• Industrial Revolution and
Transportation Milestones:
– In 1800, people traveled as
they always had, on foot or on
horseback, and ships crossed
the oceans powered only by
the wind.
– By 1900 steamships circled the
globe, locomotives crossed
continents, and bridges
spanned great rivers
– The Erie Canal
– The National Road
– Isambard Kingdom Brunel's
Steamships
– The Brooklyn Bridge
– The Menai Suspension Bridge
The Election of 1800 and the
Electoral College
•
The election of 1800 was one of the most
controversial in American history
–
–
–
–
–
Intrigue
Betrayals
A tie in the electoral college.
The fourth presidential election marked a
philosophical change from the rule of the first
two presidents, George Washington and John
Adams (e.1796), who were Federalists.
The First Campaign
•
–
–
Alexander Hamilton (Federalist) and Aaron Burr
(Anti-Federalist)– dual to the death - on July 11,
1804. Burr shot Hamilton, who died the next day.
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr run togetheroppose Adams - Democratic-Republican ticket
that would oppose the Federalists.
•
•
•
•
Jefferson and Burr each received 73 electoral
votes
•
Federalists John Adams and Charles C. Pinckney
•
•
–
mostly consisted of writing letters and articles
expressing their intentions
•
•
John Adams received 65 votes, Charles C.
Pinckney received 64 votes.
•
•
The original wording of the Constitution didn't distinguish
between electoral votes for president and vice president problematic
In the event of a tie in the electoral college, the Constitution
dictated that the election would be decided by the House of
Representatives
Jefferson and Burr, who had been running mates, were now rivals
in the election in the House.
The Federalists, who still controlled the lame duck Congress,
threw their support behind Burr in an effort to defeat Jefferson.
Burr expressed his loyalty to Jefferson, but wanted the win
himself -he worked to win the upcoming election in the House of
Representatives.
Alexander Hamilton – hates Burr - considered Jefferson the lesser
of 2 evils – endorsed Jefferson to the Federalists
Thomas Jefferson was declared the winner. Aaron Burr was
declared vice president.
And it is believed that Alexander Hamilton's influence weighed
heavily on the eventual outcome.
The fractious outcome of the 1800 election led to the passage
and ratification of the Twelfth Amendment, which changed the
way the electoral college functioned.
Slater Mill, founded in
1793 by Samuel Slater,
is now used as a
museum dedicated to
textile manufacturing.
•
•
•
•
•
The first factory in the United States during Washington’s presidency;
1790, Samuel Slater, a cotton spinner's
apprentice who left England the year
before with the secrets of textile
machinery, built a factory from memory
to produce spindles of yarn.
The factory had 72 spindles, powered by
by nine children pushing foot treadles,
soon replaced by water power.
Three years later, John and Arthur
Shofield, who also came from England,
built the first factory to manufacture
woolens in Massachusetts.
By the Civil War there were over two
million spindles in over 1200 cotton
factories and 1500 woolen factories in
the United States.
The First American
Factories
Frances Cabot Lowell, Nathan Appleton
and Patrick Johnson formed the Boston
Manufacturing Company
• The Textile Industry
• The Corporation
• In 1813, Frances Cabot Lowell,
Nathan Appleton and Patrick
Johnson formed the Boston
Manufacturing Company to build
America's first integrated textile
factory, that performed every
operation necessary to transform
cotton lint into finished cloth.
The Missouri Compromise and the Election of 1824
The Missouri Compromise
–
–
–
–
–
Manifest Density
New Territory
Slave or free
Missouri’s 1819 request for admission to the Union as a
slave state, which threatened to upset the delicate
balance between slave states and free states.
To keep the peace, Congress orchestrated a two-part
compromise, granting Missouri’s request but also
admitting Maine as a free state.
•
–
–
–
defuse the sectional and political rivalries – POPULAR
SOVERIGNITY WILL EMERGE
It also passed an amendment that drew an imaginary
line across the former Louisiana Territory, establishing a
boundary between free and slave regions that remained
the law of the land until it was negated by the KansasNebraska Act of 1854
For his work on the Missouri Compromise, Senator Henry
Clay became known as the “Great Pacificator.“
The extraordinarily bitter debate over Missouri’s
application for admission ran from December 1819 to
March 1820.
•
•
Northerners, led by Senator Rufus King of New York,
argued that Congress had the power to prohibit slavery
in a new state. Southerners like Senator William Pinkney
of Maryland held that new states had the same freedom
of action as the original thirteen and were thus free to
choose slavery if they wished.
After the Senate and the House passed different bills
and deadlock threatened, a compromise bill was worked
out with the following provisions:
– (1) Missouri was admitted as a slave state and
Maine (formerly part of Massachusetts) as free,
and
– (2) except for Missouri, slavery was to be
excluded from the Louisiana Purchase lands
north of latitude 36°30′
•
•
•
•
The election of 1824 involved three major figures in
American history, and was decided in the House of
Representatives; it marked the final collapse of the
Republican-Federalist political framework.
For the first time no candidate ran as a Federalist,
while five significant candidates competed as
Democratic-Republicans.. One man won, one helped
him win, and one stormed out of Washington
denouncing the entire affair as “the corrupt bargain.”
Until the disputed election of 2000, the dubious
election of 1824 was the most controversial election
in American history.
The Winner is = John Quincy Adams
Finding an American Identity:
Manifest Destiny
“Self-Reliance”
•
•
•
•
The Jacksonian Era was defined by the
issues that dominated the political
arena.
With the growing industrialization of
the nation, the widening gap between
the north and south, and the constant
desire to expand westward, America
was in a period of significant change.
Andrew Jackson, as president, was an
essential player in navigating these
pivotal issues that characterized his
America.
Andrew Jackson - Good Evil & The
Presidency - PBS Document
–
•
•
•
•
The Underground Railroad
http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/routes.htm
An organized system to assist runaway slaves seems to have begun
towards the end of the 18th century – started by the Quakers?
•
A vast network of people who helped fugitive slaves escape to the
North and to Canada, was not run by any single organization or
person.
•
It consisted of many individuals -- many whites but predominantly
black -- who knew only of the local efforts to aid fugitives and not of
the overall operation.
•
It effectively moved hundreds of slaves northward each year -according to one estimate, the South lost 100,000 slaves between
1810 and 1850.
The system grew, and around 1831 it was dubbed "The Underground
Railroad," after the then emerging steam railroads.
•
The system even used terms used in railroading: the homes and
businesses where fugitives would rest and eat were called "stations"
and "depots" and were run by "stationmasters," those who
contributed money or goods were "stockholders," and the
"conductor" was responsible for moving fugitives from one station to
the next.
•
•
Harriet Tubman: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bdno2YLm4Ms
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGfxyeu
y8u8
Andrew Jackson Video
–
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNzDjEPtgQ
The Indian Removal Act and the
“Trial of Tears”
•
From 1814 to 1824, Jackson was instrumental in negotiating nine out of
eleven treaties which divested the southern tribes of their eastern lands in
exchange for lands in the west - The tribes agreed to the treaties for strategic
reasons - They wanted to appease the government in the hopes of retaining
some of their land, and they wanted to protect themselves from white
harassment.
•
As a result of the treaties, the United States gained control over threequarters of Alabama and Florida, as well as parts of Georgia, Tennessee,
Mississippi, Kentucky and North Carolina. This was a period of voluntary
Indian migration, however, and only a small number of Creeks, Cherokee
and Choctaws actually moved to the new lands.
In 1823 the Supreme Court handed down a decision which stated that Indians
could occupy lands within the United States, but could not hold title to those
lands.
•
Early in the 19th century
•
Rapidly-growing United States expanded into the lower South
•
White settlers faced what they considered an obstacle:
–
the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chicasaw and Seminole nations.
•
This was because their "right of occupancy" was subordinate to the United
States' "right of discovery.“
•
In response to the great threat this posed, the Creeks, Cherokee, and
Chicasaw instituted policies of restricting land sales to the government.
•
Although the five Indian nations had made earlier attempts at resistance,
many of their strategies were non-violent. One method was to adopt AngloAmerican practices such as large-scale farming, Western education, and slaveholding.
•
These Indian nations, in the view of the settlers and many other white
Americans, were standing in the way of progress.
•
Settlers want to grow cotton – and pressured the federal government to
acquire Indian territory.
•
This earned the nations the designation of the "Five Civilized Tribes."
Andrew Jackson, from Tennessee, was a forceful proponent of Indian
removal.
•
They adopted this policy of assimilation in an attempt to coexist with settlers
and ward off hostility. But it only made whites jealous and resentful.
•
In 1814 he commanded the U.S. military forces that defeated a faction of the
Creek nation.
•
Ralph Waldo Emerson protests:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2VtHtTrkVA
•
In their defeat, the Creeks lost 22 million acres of land in southern Georgia
and central Alabama.
•
The U.S. acquired more land in 1818 when, spurred in part by the motivation
to punish the Seminoles for their practice of harboring fugitive slaves,
Jackson's troops invaded Spanish Florida.
•
Nat Turner Rebels:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZ4PrgXd3pg
•
Nat Turner was a 30-year-old slave and
a preacher who led a rebellion after
receiving what he believed to be a sign
from God.
•
Nat Turner’s Rebellion occurred on
August 22, 1831.
•
Turner’s Revolt took place in
Southampton County, Virginia.
•
In the 19th century, Southern slave
owners developed an understanding of
their “peculiar institution” of slavery as a
benevolent system
• This woodcut was published
in an 1831 account of the
slave uprising.
•
Ralph Waldo Emerson, whose original profession and calling
was as a Unitarian minister, left the ministry to pursue a career
in writing and public speaking.
•
Emerson became one of America's best known and best loved
19th century figures
•
•
•
•
The Sage of Concord and the intellectual center of the American
Renaissance, Ralph Waldo Emerson, as preacher, philosopher,
and poet, embodied the finest spirit and highest ideals of his
age.
A thinker of bold originality, his essays and lectures offer models
of clarity, style, and thought, which made him a formidable
presence in 19th century American life.
Emerson believed in:
–
individualism, non-conformity, and the need for harmony
between man and nature.
– He was a proponent of abolition, and spoke out about
the cruel treatment of Native Americans.
– Influenced by the Eastern philosophy of unity and a
divine whole, emphasizing God Immanent, to be found in
everyone and everything, Emerson sowed the seeds of
the American Transcendentalist movement.
– He realized the importance of the spiritual inner self over
the material external self through studying Kantianism,
Confucianism, Neo-Platonism, Romanticism, and
dialectical metaphysics and reading the works of Saint
Augustine, Sir Francis Bacon, Samuel Taylor Coleridge,
and William Shakespeare among many others.
During his lifetime and since Emerson has had a profound
influence on some of the 19th and 20th century's most
prominent figures in the arts, religion, education, and politics.
Ralph Waldo
Emerson
•
•
THE AMERICAN RENAISSANCE & TRANSCENDENTALISM :
"We will walk on our own feet; we will work with our own hands; we
will speak our own minds...A nation of men will for the first time
exist, because each believes himself inspired by the Divine Soul
which also inspires all men."
•
The term Transcendentalism was derived from the philosopher Kant,
who called "all knowledge transcendental which is concerned not
with objects but with our mode of knowing objects.“
•
The roots of the American philosophy ran deep into German and
English Romanticism.
•
In his 1841 address delivered at Boston's Masonic Temple , which
was later reprinted in THE DIAL, Emerson attempted to define the
philosophy in simple terms as "What is popularly called
Transcendentalism among us, is Idealism; Idealism as it appears in
1842."
•
In reality it was far more complex collection of beliefs:
–
–
–
•
This belief in the Inner Light led to an emphasis on the authority of
the Self
–
–
–
–
•
that the spark of divinity lies within man;
that everything in the world is a microcosm of existence;
that the individual soul is identical to the world soul, or Over-Soul,
as Emerson called it.
to Walt Whitman's I ,
to the Emersonian doctrine of Self-Reliance,
to Thoreau's civil disobedience,
and to the Utopian communities at Brook Farm and Fruitlands.
By meditation, by communing with nature, through work and art,
man could transcend his senses and attain an understanding of
beauty and goodness and truth.
“The American
Scholar”
•
•
•
Emerson's "The American Scholar"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBK3oth9QCw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQ9CBgYf3p8
•
The American Scholar by Ralph Waldo Emerson:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpPT_-2WuhE
•
Has come to be regarded, in Oliver Wendell Holmes's
phrase, as "America's intellectual declaration of
independence," almost did not happen.
•
Its occasion was the annual Phi Beta Kappa Society
lecture at the Harvard College commencement on 31
August 1837, and Emerson was drafted to speak after
the society's original choice, an Episcopalian minister
named Jonathan Wainwright, declined.
•
•
The society was probably looking for something more
conservative and less provocative than what they got
from Emerson, for Wainwright's most recent publication
was a tract titled Inequality of Individual Wealth he
Ordinance of Providence and Essential to Civilization.
At the least, most of the audience would have expected
to hear praise for the venerable traditions of scholarship
and learning at Harvard, not to be told that "books are
for the scholar's idle times" or that "instead of Man
Thinking, we have the bookworm" (pp. 91, 89).
•
Still, there were eager listeners who caught the drift of
Emerson's radical notion that the true sources of
learning and culture lay within the individual. At their
urging he had five hundred copies of his talk printed, at
his own expense, rather blandly titled "An Oration,
Delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society at
Cambridge, August 31, 1837.“
•
The little pamphlet sold out within a month. When
Emerson reprinted it for the 1849 collection Nature,
Addresses, and Lectures, he changed the title to the
more familiar and more accurate "The American
Scholar.“
•
By "scholar,” he means: a person of learning who by
his or her writing plays an active and thoughtful role
in society.
•
And, by extension, he speaks to every reader's
intellectual life and the roles we all play or should play
as "Man Thinking." The "American" part of the title
needs qualification too, for except in the somewhat
formulaic beginning and a brief (but important) section
at the end, Emerson is more concerned with the
universal elements of the scholar's education and
duties than with any national or nationalistic aspects of
his subject.
•
–
–
•
–
Using this inborn knowledge, a gift of God, an individual can
make a moral decision without relying on information
gained through everyday living, education, and
experimentation.
One may liken this inborn knowledge to conscience or
intuition.
.......Emerson and others who believed that this inborn
knowledge served as a moral guiding force were known as
transcendentalists—that is, they believed that this inner
knowledge was a higher, transcendent form of knowledge
than that which came through the senses.
–
–
–
•
Because Emerson eschewed imitation (as noted under
Theme), he urged Americans to avoid mimicking art and
ideas from abroad. He writes:
Our houses are built with foreign taste; our shelves are
garnished with foreign ornaments; our opinions, our
tastes, our faculties, lean, and follow the Past and the
Distant....Why need we copy the Doric or the Gothic
model? Beauty, convenience, grandeur of thought, and
quaint expression are as near to us as to any, and if the
American artist will study with hope and love the precise
thing to be done by him, considering the climate, the soil,
the length of the day, the wants of the people, the habit
and form of the government, he will create a house in
which all these will find themselves fitted, and taste and
sentiment will be satisfied also.
•
Creativity "Self-Reliance" is an essay that urges readers to trust their
own intuition and common sense rather than automatically following
popular opinion and conforming to the will of the majority.
•
"Self-Reliance" was published in 1841 in a collection entitled Essays.
•
Trust Your Own Inner Voice
.......Emerson believed every human being has inborn
knowledge that enables him to recognize and understand
moral truth without benefit of knowledge obtained through
the physical senses.
–
•
The Age of
Emerson
Promotion of America:
Because Emerson and his fellow transcendentalists trusted
their own inner light as a moral guiding force, they were
possessed of a fierce spirit of self-reliance.
They were individualists; they liked to make decisions for
themselves.
If the government adopted a policy or a law that offended
their consciences, they generally reacted strongly.
.......Transcendentalism, as Emerson’s moral philosophy was
called, did not originate with him or his fellow
transcendentalists in New England but with the German
philosopher Emanuel Kant.
–
He used the German word for transcendental to refer to
intuitive or innate knowledge—knowledge that is a priori
rather than a posteriori.
–
–
•
Avoid Consistency as an End in Itself
–
–
–
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Emerson urges his readers to retain the outspokenness of a small
child who freely speaks his mind because he has not yet been
corrupted by adults who tell him to do otherwise.
He also urges readers to avoid envying or imitating others viewed as
models of perfection; instead, he says, readers should take pride in
their own individuality and never be afraid to express their own
original ideas. In addition, he says, they should refuse to conform to
the ways of the popular culture and its shallow ideals; rather they
should live up to their own ideals, even if doing so reaps them
criticism and denunciation.
Being consistent is not always wise.
An idea or regimen to which you stubbornly cling can become
outmoded tomorrow
Notable Quotations From "Self-Reliance“:
Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string.
Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist.
What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.
A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little
statesmen and philosophers and divines. With consistency a great
soul has simply nothing to do.
Travelling is a fool's paradise.
Insist on yourself; never imitate.
Society never advances. It recedes as fast on one side as it gains on
the other.
The civilized man has built a coach, but has lost the use of his feet.
An institution is the lengthened shadow of one man.
Discontent is the want of self-reliance: it is infirmity of will.
Nothing can bring you peace but yourself. Nothing can bring you
peace but the triumph of principles.
Frederick Douglass:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Su-4JBEIhXY
Biography:
– Born into slavery, February, 1818, in Maryland
–
Separated from his mother; raised by his grandmother
– Around 6 or 7 becomes aware of his slave situation: His grandmother took
him to the plantation of his master and left him there – left a feeling of
abandonment and betrayal
–
When he was about eight he was sent to Baltimore to live as a houseboy
with Hugh and Sophia Auld
– Mistress Auld will teach him how to read – this is a transforming event in
his life
– At about the age of twelve or thirteen Douglass purchased a copy of The
Columbian Orator, a popular schoolbook of the time, which helped him
to gain an understanding and appreciation of the power of the spoken and
the written word, as two of the most effective means by which to bring
about permanent, positive change.
– 1838, at the age of twenty, Douglass succeeded in escaping from slavery
by impersonating a sailor.
– Headed to New Bedford, Massachusetts, where he and his new wife Anna
Murray began to raise a family.
– Abolitionists: 1841, Douglass became a lecturer for the Massachusetts
Anti-Slavery Society and a colleague of William Lloyd Garrison -This work
led him into public speaking and writing.
– The North Star: He published his own newspaper, The North Star,
participated in the first women's rights convention at Seneca Falls, in
1848, and wrote three autobiographies.
– He was internationally recognized as an uncompromising abolitionist,
indefatigable worker for justice and equal opportunity, and an unyielding
defender of women's rights.
– He became a trusted advisor to Abraham Lincoln, United States Marshal
for the District of Columbia, Recorder of Deeds for Washington, D.C., and
Minister-General to the Republic of Haiti.
Themes in Douglass’ Autobiography
•
Chapter 1:
–
–
–
–
•
•
The two Barneys
Chattel
Horses
Chapter 4:
–
–
–
•
–
–
•
•
Chapter 5:
–
–
The abortive reading lessons*****
The two faces of his mistress
•
Human obligation to God
Chapter 10:
–
–
–
–
–
Interposition of Providence
Christians
Religion
He finds himself at the mercy of a harsh master
Chapter 9:
–
•
Symbol-maker
Isolation of his grandmother
Chapter 8:
–
•
The child moved from consciousness of his particular
plight to awareness of generalizations
The ability to go beyond himself
The Columbian Orator
Chapter 7:
–
–
Chapter 3:
–
–
–
•
Songs of slaves
mixture of joy and sadness
Oppression
Chapter 6:
–
Stress on the natural cycle
Identification
Backs v. whites
Beatings
Chapter2:
–
–
–
•
The narrative changes
Experience w/ 3 different masters
The “magic root”
The Sabbath school
Baltimore
Chapter 11:
–
The escape
The Mormons:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmoizY2dFE8
• The Latter Day Saint movement
– a religious movement within Christianity (But Christians do not
consider it that)that arose during the Second Great Awakening in the
early 19th century and that led to the set of doctrines, practices, and
cultures called Mormonism and to the existence of numerous Latter
Day Saint churches.
– Its history is characterized by intense controversy and persecution in
reaction to some of the movement's doctrines
– began with the influence of Joseph Smith.
• The founder of the movement was Joseph Smith, Jr.,
– Upstate New York.
– He claimed that, in response to prayer, he saw God the Father and
Jesus Christ, as well as angels and other visions.
– This eventually led him to a restoration of Christian doctrine that, he
said, was lost after the early Christian apostles were killed.
– In addition, several early leaders made marked doctrinal and
leadership contributions to the movement Brigham Young.
Frederick Douglass on Women’s Rights
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALXPUYW
FbGI
Female Suffragists Hold a Conference
at Seneca Falls
• Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, New York, on July 19, 1848, the convention’s main
organizer Elizabeth Cady Stanton declared that the time had come for public
action, to inaugurate, as she later recalled, “the greatest rebellion the world has
ever seen.”
•
When the meeting was over, one hundred people had signed Stanton’s
Declaration of Sentiments—patterned after the Declaration of Independence—
which detailed the “injuries and usurpations” that men had inflicted onto women.
•
Asserting “that all men and women are created equal” and including
resolutions that a man should not withhold a woman’s rights, take her property, or
refuse her the vote, the Declaration was, in the words of the prominent AfricanAmerican anti-slavery activist, Frederick Douglass, “the grand basis for attending
the civil, social, political and religious rights of women.”
•
In those of historian Judith Wellman, “the fires of women’s discontent had long
been smoldering…the Seneca Falls convention fanned them into bright flames.”
The Declaration of Sentiments
• http://www.usconstitution.net/sentiments.html
• Documentary:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNOznB9NV-Y
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kax3Aknlio4
• Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXdr7q3jVck
Kansas-Nebraska Act
• The Compromise of 1850 into law, another law—the Kansas-Nebraska Act—
gripped the legislative body and renewed pressure to resolve permanently
the problems regarding slavery.
• Popular Sovereignty
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQQJDR_rX30
• Nebraska Bill
– In 1854 Stephen Douglas introduced the Nebraska Bill into Congress to organize
the territory from 36° 30’ to the Canadian border. He knew that the bill would
not pass without southern support, so he included a provision that allowed the
people of the territories to decide by popular sovereignty if slavery would be
allowed in their territory or not. Douglas believed he had outmaneuvered the
southerners.
– The Missouri Compromise of 1820 prohibited slavery north of the 36° 30’ line.
It would be impossible for slave owners to establish themselves in the new
territory before a vote would take place. Citizens in the territory would most
likely vote against slavery.
– But the South recognized Douglas’s ploy, and he made two concessions:
• The bill included an amendment to repeal the Missouri Compromise.
• Nebraska was divided into two territories: Nebraska and Kansas.
• The bill passed without further discussion. But the
North was outraged! The Kansas-Nebraska Bill made it
possible for slavery to exist in a territory where it had
been prohibited for thirty-four years.
• The South heralded the bill as a clear victory for slavery.
• Northerners condemned Stephen Douglas for
supporting the bill, and he was accused of putting the
benefits of the railroad for Illinois above the need to
end slavery.
• Douglas was a prominent Democrat, and the bill split
the party and ended its national prominence as
Northerners flocked to the Republican Party
The Kansas – Nebraska Act:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIXmvr4kTEM
• http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/kansas.html
– Repealed the Missouri Compromise, allowing slavery in the territory
north of the 36° 30´ latitude.
– Introduced by Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois, the Kansas-Nebraska
Act stipulated that the issue of slavery would be decided by the
residents of each territory, a concept known as popular sovereignty.
– After the bill passed on May 30, 1854, violence erupted in Kansas
between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers, a prelude to the Civil War.
• Primary Source: http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=010/llsl010.db&recNum=298
• Kansas Entered the Union as a Free State January 29, 1861
The Republican Party
• The Republican party is popularly known as
the GOP, from its earlier nickname of the
Grand Old Party.
• Its first presidential candidate, John C.
Fremont, in 1856
• Lincoln/Net, 1818-1861: Kansas-Nebraska Act
and the Rise of the Republican Party 18541856 :
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_nOjkyzUrA
The Republican party:
•
http://www.socastee.com/politics/history_gop.html
The Republican party grew out of the conflicts regarding the expansion of slavery into the
new Western territories.
•
The stimulus for its founding was provided by the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of
1854.
•
That law repealed earlier compromises that had excluded slavery from the territories.
•
The passage of this act served as the unifying agent for abolitionists and split the Democrats
and the Whig party.
•
"Anti-Nebraska" protest meetings spread rapidly through the country.
•
Two such meetings were held in Ripon, Wis., on Feb. 28 and Mar. 20, 1854, and were
attended by a group of abolitionist Free Soilers, Democrats, and Whigs.
•
They decided to call themselves Republicans-because they professed to be political
descendants of Thomas Jefferson's Democratic-Republican party.
•
The name was formally adopted by a state convention held in Jackson, Mich., on July 6,
1854.
Supreme Court Case: Dred Scott
• http://www.history.com/this-day-inhistory/supreme-court-rules-in-dred-scottcase
The Civil War Breaks Out
• In the spring of 1861, decades of simmering tensions between the northern and
southern United States over issues including states' rights versus federal authority,
westward expansion and slavery exploded into the American Civil War (1861-65).
•
The election of the anti-slavery Republican Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860
caused seven southern states to secede from the Union to form the Confederate
States of America; four more joined them after the first shots of the Civil War were
fired. Four years of brutal conflict were marked by historic battles at Bull Run
(Manassas), Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and Vicksburg, among others.
• The War Between the States, as the Civil War was also known, pitted neighbor
against neighbor and in some cases, brother against brother.
•
By the time it ended in Confederate surrender in 1865, the Civil War proved to be
the costliest war ever fought on American soil, with some 620,000 of 2.4 million
soldiers killed, millions more injured and the population and territory of the South
devastated.
• http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war