Advanced Placement
European History
Spring 2015
Final Review c

This leader in the Revolt against Reason in the
second half of the nineteenth century, wrote
Beyond Good and Evil which explored the social
and psychological sources of good and evil – and
he declared There are no moral phenomena at all,
but only a moral interpretation of phenomena.
Sigmund Freud
Max Weber
 Friedrich Nietzsche
Henrik Ibsen
Which of the following was not representative
of Renaissance painting?
the creation of the individual portrait as an
artistic genre.
the use of linear perspective to represent
three dimensions.
 a deeply religious tone as represented in its
choice of subjects.
the choice of themes from the Greek or
Roman world.
During the nineteenth century, cheap newspapers like Le
Petite Journal of Paris and The Daily Express of London
became immensely popular and carried advertising

that alerted readers to new consumer products
popularized the Newton’s theories of motion and
universal gravitation
exemplified de Tocqueville's concept of the tyranny
of the majority
were often censored but had little or no effect on
public opinion
Johan Wolfgang von Goethe
was possibly the greatest German writer of all
 time but defies easy classification
wrote a progressive early Romantic novel,
Lucinde, that attacked the prejudices against
women as being little more than lovers
wrote the novel William Lovell, the story about
a man whose life was built on love and
imagination
was possibly the greatest defender of Deism in
the nineteenth century
The Reconquista
was the Portuguese trade route around the
tip of Africa.
was the reestablishment of native Chinese
rule by defeating the Mongols.
was the failed Islamic attempt to win back
control over southern Italy.
 was the Christian attempt to win Spain from
Islamic control.
The goal of Mercantilism was to
build as many warships as possible
to stay out of the way of Capitalism
take advantage of market variables
 increase monetary wealth
William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury,
triggered a war with Scotland by
imposing the Clarendon Code
 imposing the English Prayer Book
executing Oliver Cromwell
failing to link England to the Treaty of Dover
He described the mind at birth as a
blank slate (tabula rasa) which is
filled during life through experience.
 John Locke
Alexander Pope
Isaac Newton
Joseph Addison
This was Stalin’s philosophy which Trotsky
vigorously opposed:
"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity."
"Peace, Land, and Bread.“
 "Socialism in One Country.“
“Brotherhood and Fellowship”
Arthur Koestler’s Darkness at Noon
recorded a former communist’s view of
 Stalin’s purges
expressed disappointment with Stalin’s
policies in Spain
maintained that truth in Christianity could
be grasped only in the lives of those who
faced extreme situations not in creeds or
church structures
hoped that a European Marxist system
would unfold after World War II
______________ was a military alliance of the
seven Communist European nations.
 Warsaw Pact
COMECON
Soviet Alliance
NATO
Friedrich Schlegel
was possibly the greatest German writer of all
time but defies easy classification
wrote a progressive early Romantic novel,
 Lucinde, that attacked the prejudices against
women as being little more than lovers
wrote the novel William Lovell, the story about
a man whose life was built on love and
imagination
was possibly the greatest defender of Deism in
the nineteenth century
After World War I (The Great War), the Mandate
System
led to the occupation of Germany after the
war.
allowed the Germans to repay their
reparations to the Allied powers.
angered the Arab world because it was little
 more than a glorified form of imperialism.
was one of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen
Points.
Willy Brandt was
the first president of the Weimar Republic
architect of German reunification in the 1990s
 the mayor of Berlin who developed Ostpolitik.
the German chancellor who brought
Germany back into the world family of nations
Which of the following was not a symptom of the
false economy of the 1920s?
 Industrial production returned to prewar
levels
Improved technology reduced demand for
raw materials and caused excess supply
Europe’s economy depended on the United
States
United States investors engaged in
unrestrained speculation in financial markets
_________________ was the famous work of
St. Augustine which sought to explain the
meaning of history and the world from a
Christian point of view.
The Institutes
The Edict of Milan
 The City of God
The Digest
The term mestizo refers to
 an individual of indigenous and European
parentage.
the Spanish plantations on which millions of
Central and South Americans were enslaved.
the Aztec term for the mysterious disease
which devastated their population.
the percentage of silver which went to the
Spanish government.
In the years leading up to World War I,
Serbia’s special protector was
The Ottoman Empire
Austria
Prussia
Great Britain
 Russia
Italy would be mostly united under a
constitutional monarchy under the
leadership of a remarkable man,
______________ (1810-1861) who was the
prime minister of the Sardinia-Piedmont.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
 Camilo Cavour
Giuseppe Mazzini
Victor Emmanuelle
Alexander Dubcek’s "Prague Spring“
was a literary account of his years in a Soviet
labor camp.
 promised "socialism with a human face.“
was a pejorative term for his ruthless
crackdown on anti-communists.
was a controversial musical piece that
expressed the desire for freedom felt by the
peoples in eastern Europe in the late 1960's.
In response to the Great Depression, economist
John Maynard Keynes
proposed that the government should do
nothing and wait out the economic hard
times.
was a big supporter of the Smoot-Hawley
Tariff.
felt that the government should tighten the
money supply.
urged the government to expand the money
 supply and undertake public works to provide
jobs
Napoleon’s last battle was fought at
Austerlitz
 Waterloo
Borodino
Leipzig
Historians often call the Eighteenth Century
The Golden Age of Diplomacy
The Age of Revolution
The Coming of Republicanism
 The Golden Age of Smuggling
The Great Era of the Monarchs
He was a scientist, clergyman, political theorist and
radical who is best known the discovery of oxygen
and being the founder of Unitarianism. Because of
his revolutionary ideas, government inspired mobs
drove him out of the country.
Joseph Priestly
Edmund Burke
John Wesley
Isaac Newton

In 1520, Martin Luther wrote a pamphlet, An
Address to the Christian Nobility of the German
Nation, in which he
asked the German princes to defend the real
presence of Christ in the Eucharist
attacked those princes who held to the
Anabaptist doctrine of adult baptism
urged the German princes to crush the AntiTrinitarians for their unorthodox beliefs
urged the German princes to force the
 Catholic Church to reform
Which of the following was NOT a result of the
Little Ice Age?
Timbuktu was flooded at least 13 times by the
Niger River.
In Northern Europe, agricultural production
declined sharply and led to famines
 In North America, Native American groups
dispersed as famines became more common.
Viking colonies in Greenland died out.
The great proponent (supporter) of
capitalism who wrote the Wealth of Nations
was
Adam Smith
Lord Liverpool
Arthur Thistlewood
William Pitt the Younger
Sir Robert Peel
In 1821, this royalist general seized power,
pushed out the Spanish and proclaimed
himself emperor of Mexico. He was a poor
administrator, however, and was deposed in
1824 by his fellow Creoles, who proclaimed a
Mexican Republic.
Jose Pavon
Bernardo O’Higgens
Simon Bolivar
Augustin de Iturbide
In what feminist novel does Virginia Woolf reflect
on the difficulties that women of brilliance fight in
being taken seriously as writers and intellectuals
and conclude that a woman who wishes to write
must have both space not dominated by male
values and sufficient (independent) income.
Tender is the Night
Human, All Too Human
The Renaissance of Motherhood
 A Room of One’s Own
Burschenschaften were student associations
which
distrusted liberalism and both feared and
hated Enlightenment ideas
opposed the ideas of Edmund Burke
supported the ideas of Adam Smith

laid foundations for a change in loyalty
from the old provinces to a united
German State.
He was the first to hold that the Bible alone was
the source of all authority
 Martin Luther
John Calvin
John Tetzel
Ulrich Zwingli
Henry VIII
They were Europeans born in the new world
who wanted to displace the Europeans born
in Spain and thereby control the wealth of
the Americas – and not share with the lower
classes of people
Penninsulares
 Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Maroons
In I825, these Russian army officers were the
first to lead a rebellion for political goals in
modern Russian history - and they became
martyrs for the cause of constitutional
government in Russia.
Intelligentsia
Nationalist Brotherhood
 Decembrists
Ultraroyalists
This Father of Empiricism and the Inductive
Method urged his peers to ignore the scholastics
who paid too much attention to the ancients and
to “strike out on their own” in search of a fuller
understanding of nature.
Rene Descartes
Thomas Hobbes
Galileo
Francis Bacon
He was the inventor of Analytic Geometry
and developed a scientific method on
reasoning from a general principle called
the Deductive Method.
 Rene Descartes
Thomas Hobbes
Galileo
Francis Bacon
The English Romantic writer, William Wordsworth,
wrote Ode on the Intimations of Immortality to
console his friend __________ who was suffering
a deep personal crisis.
Lord Byron
George Canning
 Samuel Taylor Coleridge
John Constable
J M W Turner
Who developed the evolutionary explanation of
conflict that involved Thesis (a dominate idea),
Antithesis (a conflicting idea) and Synthesis (a
new thesis)?
Thomas Carlyle
 G. W. Friedrich Hegel
John Wesley
Friedrich Schleiermacher
This idea was a reaction to the eighteenth
century.
Liberalism
Conservatism
Nationalism
 Romanticism
Empiricism
They were runaway slaves who established
local communities and raided slave
plantations; they played a key role in the
Haitian slave uprising
Penninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
 Maroons
This was the code name for Hitler’s invasion of
the Soviet Union in 1941
 Barbarossa
Magic
Sea Lion
D-Day
In 1938 Germany sent troops into _________
and forced its leaders to accept the Anschluss.
Poland
 Austria
Denmark
Czechoslovakia
This Mexican peasant priest rallied indigenous
peoples and mestizos against the Spanish. He also
terrified the Creoles when he called for a
revolutionary-government, which would redistribute
wealth, give equality to the peasants, and return of
land stolen from the indigenous peoples. The Creoles
executed him in 1811.
Simon Bolivar
Augustin de Iturbide,
Jose Pavon
 Miguel de Hidalgo
He argued that the essence of religion is passion
and that the foundation of faith in the church is
the emotion that its teachings and sacraments
inspire in the heart of the individual
 Viscount Francois Rene de Chateaubriand
J. G. Fichte
Edmund Burke
Thaddeus Kosciuszko
This father of Liberalism championed
legislative government (as opposed to
monarchy) because he felt that a legislature
embodied the will of the people.
Thomas Hobbes
 John Locke
Edmund Burke
Adam Smith
Crucial to the growth of the Industrial Revolution was
the leadership role taken by the Luddites.
the willing support of the major industrial unions.
the leading role provided by specialization of
labor due to the Agricultural Revolution.
the replacement of human and animal power with
 inanimate sources of energy such as steam.
Which early Italian Humanist said, It is better
to will the good than to know the truth?
Baldassare Castiglione
Christine de Pizan

Francesco Petrarch
Marsilio Ficino
The _________________ Conspiracy was led by a
mentally unstable man, Arthur Thistlewood, and
plotted to blow the entire British cabinet. The plot
was discovered and, although it had little chance of
success, it nevertheless helped to discredit the
reform movement in Great Britain.
Corn Law
Ultraloyalist
Whig
 Cato Street
By the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1763
Prussia surrendered Silesia to Austria
The British North American Colonies won their
independence
France regained the French territory around
Madras in India
 France retained her sugar-plantation colonies in
Guadeloupe and Martinique
By the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783
Prussia surrendered Silesia to Austria
 The British North American Colonies won their
independence
France regained the French territory around
Madras in India
France retained her sugar-plantation colonies in
Guadeloupe and Martinique
Who of the following was associated with
“Peace in Our Time”?
Winston Churchill
 Neville Chamberlain
Francisco Franco
Hideki Tojo
In 1923, Raymond Poincaré
recognized the Soviet Union
 occupied the Ruhr
led the Sinn Fein movement
wanted a rapprochement with
Germany
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He was a Swiss banker appointed by Louis XVI
to make reforms and increase income. In 1781,
he produced a report which implied that the
financial situation was not as bad as was
thought. He argued that if the monies spent on
the American war effort were not factored in,
then the budget was actually in the black (i.e.,
had a surplus).
Jacques Necker
When Mikhail Gorbachev discussed the opening
of Soviet society to public criticism and
admission of past mistakes he used the term
Uskorenie
Perestroika
 Glasnost
Demokratizatsiya
He spurned Christianity for requiring useless sacrifices
of flesh and spirit rather than heroic living and daring
accomplishments. His most famous dictum was that
God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed
him… - and he once observed, War and courage have
accomplished more great things than love of neighbor.
Pope Pius IX
Jules Ferry
 Friedrich Nietzsche
Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau
This Yugoslavian leader __________ refused to
follow Russian direction in foreign policy and was
eventually expelled from the Soviet bloc in 1948.
 Marshal Tito
Alexander Dubcek
Lech Walesa
Nicolai Ceausescu
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the
collapse of the Soviet Union?
the arms race
the failure of the Afghan War
political and economic corruption
 the Salt I and Salt II talks
criticisms by intellectuals
During the Age of Exploration, the
marginalization of indigenous peoples was
more common in Latin America than in
North America
least common in Canada and Peru
 common in both North and South America
most common in the United States
Which of the following was the strategy followed
by the United States in the Pacific War?
Blitzkrieg
 Island Hopping
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Strategic Bombing
He co-published the Spectator, which fostered the
value of polite conversation and the reading of
books.
John Locke
Alexander Pope
Isaac Newton
 Joseph Addison
He was elected president of Czechoslovakia
three times (1920, 1927, 1934) giving the
country a sense of national identity
Gabriel Narutowicz
Thomas Masaryk
Josef Pilsudiski
Stephen Bethlen
This document was intended to be a statement
of broad principles that would outline the
constitution that the National Constituent
Assembly was writing. Its two most powerful
ideas were civic equality and popular
sovereignty.
The Declaration of the Rights
of Man and Citizen
At a meeting of fifty nations at San Francisco in
1945
Germany officially signed the peace treaty
ending World War II.
the Japanese emperor Hirohito was convicted
of being a war criminal.
the Americans and Soviets agreed upon the
division of Germany.
 the United Nations Charter was signed.
In the mid nineteenth century, Egypt
 successfully challenged the Ottoman
Empire
was conquered by Muhammad Ali
was conquered by Napoleon III
was torn by strife and civil war
After World War II, Europe was forced to abandon
99% of its colonial empires, a process called
Ethnic Dispersal
Ethnic Disintegration
 Decolonization
Anschluss
The emancipation of the Russian serfs
 resulted in little if any increase in agricultural
production.
brought complete political equality for the
Russian peasant.
resulted in an explosion in agricultural
production.
meant that the peasants received free land as
a compensation for centuries of semi-slavery.
The German Democratic Republic
was formed out of the British, French and
American zones of occupation.
was sealed off from its eastern half by the
construction of the Berlin Wall.
prospered under American leadership.
 was formed out of the Soviet zone of
occupation.
The Warsaw Pact
 was formed in response to NATO.
was designed to contain the spread of
communism.
was a free trade organization designed to foster
greater economic expansion in western Europe.
monitored the treaty that ended World War II.
She was married to Louis VII of France, but later
to Henry II of England. Thus she was the queen
of France and queen of England and the mother
of two kings: Richard the Lionhearted and John.
But she was far more famous for her own court in
Poitiers, where she supported troubadours,
promoted good manners, refinement and
romantic love.
 Eleanor of Aquitaine
Christine de Pizan
Sophia Palaeologus
Clotilda of Gaul
He published Epistle to the Romans in which he
suggested that modern religion had become
enslaved to science, culture, mysticism and art. He
wanted to bring it back the reformational ideal that
God’s truth is found only in God’s revelation to
people.
T. S. Eliot
Ernest Hemingway
F. Scott Fitzgerald
 Karl Barth
Like nineteenth century liberals, he warned
against the tyranny of the majority.
T. S. Eliot
John M. Keynes
 Jose Ortega y Gasset
Arnold Toynbee
Ngo Dinh Diem was
 the first president of South Vietnam
the communist leader of North Korea.
the communist leader of North Vietnam.
the victor of Dien Bien Phu.
"The year of Africa" was
1878
 1960
1999
2000
Which three go together when considering the
Siege of Vienna in 1683
 Janissaries, a Polish king and coffee
Bursa, Janissaries and Swiss Guards
Selim the Grim, Shiism and Roxelana
Suleyman the Magnificent, Dhimmi and
Pondicherry
In 1650, this Silesian astronomer published
Urania Propitia, in which she corrected and
updated much of Kepler’s work.
 Maria Cunitz
Maria Winkelmann
Elizabeth Koopman Helvius
Margaret Cavendish
The main goal of the European Union is
to provide a nuclear deterrent to Soviet
expansionism.
to form a closer alliance with the United
States.
to reverse traditional European policy and
move into the Soviet
to dismantle tariffs and other barriers to
 free trade.
In Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1812), he
created a brooding, melancholy Romantic hero.
In Don Juan (1819), he wrote with ribald (crude
and offensive) humor, acknowledged nature’s
cruelty and beauty and even expressed an
admiration for city life.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Johann Gottfried Herder
Victor Hugo
 Lord Byron
After Charles V had Luther declared an
outlaw, Frederick of Hesse hid Luther in his
own castle where Luther
wrote an influential treatise, The Babylonian
Captivity of the Church, in which he attacked
the seven sacraments.
inspired the formation of the Schmaldkaldic
League
 translated the New Testament into German
wrote the Marburg Colloquy
Which of the following is not a reason why the
Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain?
Great Britain was blessed with large deposits
of coal and iron ore
The Protestant Work Ethic.
The Enclosure Movement
 Conservative governments which gave their
blessing to borrowing foreign capital.
Most of Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa
was industrialized by the mid-nineteenth
century.
did not industrialize and depended upon
 exporting primary products.
was industrialized by the early twentieth
century.
industrialized on a model completely different
than that of the western Europeans.
The United States backed government of
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in Iran was
overthrown in 1979 by
 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
Mobutu Sese Seko
Yasser Arafat
Saddam Hussein
The quip (sarcastic comment) that the Holy
Roman Empire was "neither holy, nor
Roman, nor an empire" is attributed to
Hugh Capet
William of Normandy
 Voltaire
Edward Gibbon
Deism
 was a belief in the existence of God but a
denial of the supernatural teachings of
Christianity
allowed the Huguenots to practice their faith
only in a few specified French cities
was a rational analysis of religion rather than
blind obedience to the Christian religion
held that kings derive their authority from God
and serve as "God's lieutenants on earth."
In the new world of the Americas, viceroys were
Spanish settlers
peoples of mixed black-Native American
ancestry
the first society of the Americas to come
into contact with the Spanish.
 the Spanish administrative officials who
ruled over the colonies and reported back
to Spain.
In 1959 Mao Zedong signed the treaty of
Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance with
the Soviet Union that
provided the Chinese with a substantial
nuclear arsenal.
gave the Chinese more financial aid than
the Americans were offering.
brought China into the Warsaw Pact.
was similar to the "unequal treaties" forced
 on China by the Europeans back in the 19th
century
One of the biggest problems for communism in
eastern Europe during the Cold was
that it was tied too closely to the national
identity of each country.
that most eastern Europeans considered it
much more of a German than a Soviet
philosophy.

its inability to connect with nationalism.
the booming capitalist economies of the
region.
Socinanism was identified with (the)
clerical celibacy
 anti-Trinitarianism
Via Media
Counter Reformation
Lutheranism
The American banker Charles Dawes
created a plan to renegotiate German
 reparations
opposed the French leaving the Rhineland
was the author of the Washington Naval
Treaty of 1921
urged the United States to stay out of
European affairs
Paul von Hindenburg
was a conservative and monarchist who
 brought stability to Germany
blindly followed Hitler
was a socialist and communist who won
the support of Stalin
sent Germany military forces into the
Rhineland
Which of the following gained its independence
from Soviet control in the Velvet Revolution but
then split in half in the Velvet Divorce?
Poland
Romania
Yugoslavia
 Czechoslovakia
The Tennis Court Oath promised
to support the king
to execute the king and high nobility
 to give France a constitution
to make the clergy persona non grata
An agreement concerning Strategic Arms
Limitations was signed in 1974 between
China and the Soviet Union.
the United States and the western
Europeans.
India and Pakistan.
 the Soviet Union and the United States.
Karl Marx believed that the final result of the
socialist revolution would be
the "usurpation by the proletariat of the
bourgeois hegemony.“
 a "dictatorship of the proletariat.“
the "complete inversion of the class
hierarchy.“
the "opiate of the masses."
The Paris Peace Accords of 1973
recognized the division of Korea along the
38th parallel.
called for a limitation on Soviet and
American production of nuclear weapons
settled the long-standing Indian-Pakistani
confrontation over border disputes and
religious differences.
 ended the U.S. phase of the Vietnam War.
In his Institutes of the Christian Religion, this
influential Protestant reformer taught that
salvation was God’s free gift to those whom
God “predestinated”.
Martin Luther
 John Calvin
Sir Thomas More
Ignatius Loyola
Mikhail Gorbachev
intended from the very beginning to tear
down the Soviet system.
was influenced by the economic reforms of
Deng Xiaoping.
 never intended to abolish the existing Soviet
political and economic system.
had been a capitalist reformer since his
college education in London.
This English philosopher was the father of
Empiricism which states that knowledge comes
only or primarily from sensory experience.
Nicolas Copernicus
Tycho Brahe
Isaac Newton
 Sir Francis Bacon
The Edict of Nantes in 1598
denied Huguenots religious freedom

established universal religious toleration in
France
settled the border between France and Spain
ended French involvement in Italian wars
Solidarity was
 a combined trade union and nationalist
movement in Poland.
the call for reunification in Germany.
the appeal that East German leader Erich
Honecker made for the communist world to
stay united.
one of the new ideological phrases made
popular by Mikhail Gorbachev.
The East German leader who rejected
Gorbachev's reforms and clung to the traditional
Soviet pattern was
Willy Brandt
 Erich Honecker.
Boris Yeltsin
Konrad Adenauer
МАКДОНАЛДС is a symbol of
Impressionism
The Brezhnev Doctrine
 Americanization
The Khrushchev Era