Evolution Review Game!! www.fromquarkstoquasars.com • Idea that life comes from nonliving things. – Ex: maggots come from rotting meat smsstem.blogspot.com Abiogenesis or spontaneous generation • Idea that life comes from preexisting life – Ex: you come from your parents Biogenesis • Who conducted the following experiment? 1. One set of jars with meat open 2. One set of jars with meat closed 3. Flies gathered on open meat and laid eggs 4. Maggots appeared only on open meat. www.josephmastropaolo.com Francesco Redi • What did Redi’s experiment prove? Maggots come from preexisting life smsstem.blogspot.com • Who conducted the following experiment? 1. Heated broth in goose neck flask 2. Let broth sit for days 3. Broth still clear 4. Broke neck off of flask 5. Broth turned cloudy with micorganisms Louis Pasteur en.wikipedia.org • What was the conclusion of Pasteur’s experiment? Biogenesis: Life comes from preexisting life • Any trace or remains of an organism that has been preserved by a natural process Fossils www.blog.gurukpo.com • How are fossils used as evidence of evolution? Comparing structure of fossils with present day organisms allow us to infer evolutionary relationships 2 pts greaterancestors.com • What type of rock are fossils found in? Sedimentary www.studyofoahspe.com • Do all organisms that die become fossils? No • Why? – Not in sedimentary rock – Decay quickly (rainforest) – Get eaten 4pts room42.wikispaces.com www.dinosaur-toys-collectors-guide.com • Method of dating that uses fossils position in sedimentary rock Relative dating http://quizlet.com/4079105/relativeabsolute-age-datingfossils-flash-cards/ • Law that says: – Since layers are deposited at different times, layers on the bottom are older than on top Law of Superposition bumipunbercerita.blogspot.com • Method of dating that gives a precise age Absolute Dating vle.whs.bucks.sch.uk • The use of decay of radioactive elements found in organisms to find their absolute age • Ex: Carbon dating • Radioactive Dating http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktvTqknDobU • What is Half-Life? How many years it takes for half of the amount of an element to decay • Suppose a radioactive element has a half-life of 10,000 years. If the original amount of the element in an organism is 18g, how old is the organism if the amount of the element is currently 9g? 10,000 years old • What if there was only 4.5g left? 20,000 • What are the two types of evolution? • Geological Evolution: the evolution of the Earth itself • Organic Evolution: the evolution of living things 2 pts • Name 3 pieces of evidence that supports evolution. Fossils Homologous Structures Vestigial Structures Similarities in Embryology Darwin’s Finches Antibiotic Resistance Pesticide Resistance Sickle Cell Anemia and Malaria 3 pts • Whose explanation of evolution was correct? Darwin book.pdfchm.net • Describe Natural Selection. Individuals survive that have inherited traits adapted to their environment. 1 pt • Use Lamarck’s explanations to explain why crabs have large claws io9.com Tendency towards perfection: Crabs want big claws Use and disuse: Crabs use their claws a lot so they got big Acquired characteristics: Crabs passed on the large claw trait to their offspring • Use Darwin’s explanations to explain how crabs got large claws. Overproduction: too many crabs Competition/struggle: large fish Genetic variation: some crabs had large/med/small claws Survival of the fittest/Natural Selection: the large claw gave those crabs a better chance of surviving to adulthood to reproduce and therefore passing on their “large claw” gene to offspring EVOLUTION!!!! After several generations the species change and become better adapted to their environment 5 pts • What is a gene pool? http://cheezburger.com/2453817600 All genes in a population • What is a population? Groups of interbreeding individuals that live in the same place at the same time What does this picture represent? Homologous structures • What is a vestigial structure and give an example. Structures that no longer function or function less than in an ancestor, but are present because they are left over from an ancestor Ex: tailbone in humans, appendix in humans, wisdom teeth in humans, toe on a boa 2 pts What organism is most closely related to the fish? The salamander. www.eurekalert.org • Explain how Darwin’s finches are used as evidence for common ancestry. www.biology-online.org There are 13 species of finches on the Galapagos that descended form 1 common ancestor form the mainland of South America. Similar because inherited similar DNA from common ancestor, different because environmental pressures cause natural selection 3 pts • What caused a change in the genetics to make some bacteria resistant to antibiotics? A mutation www.docstoc.com *Be sure you can use Darwin’s explanations to describe this process!! • Suppose you were living in tropical Africa. Would you rather be Homozygous dominant for the sickle cell gene, Heterozygous for the sickle cell gene, or homozygous recessive for the sickle cell gene? • Why? www.architectural-review.com Individuals heterozygous for the trait are resistant to malaria and therefore have a better chance of surviving to reproduce AA- does not have sickle cell, NOT resistant to malaria Aa- does not have sickle cell, resistant to malaria aa- has sickle cell anemia, resistant to malaria 2pts • Natural selection depends on what? Variation Struggle Survival of the “fittest” 3pts • Natural Selection is based on the laws of ____________. Laws of GENETICS!! GENES!!!!!!!!!!!! 3pts (because I love genes!!) • Explain crossing over yahoosports.tumblr.com Crossing over is the exchange of genes form one homologous chromosome to another www.jogtheweb.com • What is the only source of a new gene type? Mutation simpsons.wikia.com • What are two methods of isolation? Give examples Geography Ex rivers or mountains Reproduction Mate at different times or places 4 pts • How is isolation a source of genetic variation? The isolated population may have different environmental pressure and therefore different genes may be selected for. 2 pts • Isolation often leads to speciation. • What is speciation? The development of a new species 1 pt How new species can emerge: _________→ _________→ __________→ _________ Genetic variation → environmental change→ natural selection→ new species 4 pts • Those species that produce many "cheap" offspring and live in unstable environments R-selection 1 pt • Give an example of an organism that exhibits k-selection Elephants, monkeys, humans e7xavierbiology.wikispaces.com • Is gradualism faster or slower than punctuated equilibrium? Slower 1 pt • When a single species or small group of species evolves into many different forms Adaptive Radiation 1 pt www.biology-online.org • What type of evolution describes: • Grizzly bears and Polar bears have a common bear ancestor, but different climates selected for different climates selected for different variations nickolaylamm.com Divergent Evolution 1 pt • Unrelated organisms have similar traits due to similar environments Convergent Evolution http://www.beatricebiologist.com/2010/11/convergent-evolution.html www.zo.utexas.edu 1 pt • What type of selection does this graph describe? Directional 1 pt • What type of selection results in species having both extremes of a trait; can lead to speciation Disruptive Selection 1 pt • Average birth weight is an example of what type of selection? Stabilizing Selection 1 pt This PowerPoint can be viewed at a video at: http://youtu.be/rBOtZU33UF4