Adolf Hitler
• revenge for Germany’s defeat in
WWI & Treaty of Versailles (which
punished Germany)
• pushing east & taking over
• Munich Conference – French &
British leaders met with him to
discuss “peace in our time”
• appeasement =giving in to an
aggressor – Hitler – to preserve
peace
– Hitler promised to not take over any
more land
The Fighting Begins
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GA-mkaKEqf4
• Germany conquers Poland (does not stop) &
WWII official starts!
• Germany (Hitler) & Russia (Stalin) agree not to
fight one another and split Poland in half; Hitler
lies: Nonaggression Pact
• Britain & France vow to defend Poland
Allied Powers
• Britain, France, Russia, and later U.S.
• declare war on Germany
• the Big Three: Churchill (Britain), Stalin (Russia),
and later Roosevelt (U.S.)
Axis Powers
• Germany, Italy, & Japan
• Hitler (Germany), Mussolini (Italy),
Emperor Hirohito (Japan), General Tojo
(Japan)
Totalitarianism
• political system in which govt. controls every aspect of citizens’
lives
• denies human rights, and opposition to international law
• new form of govt. evolves around WWII
– Germany & Italy
U.S. Neutrality
• Americans didn’t want to fight in a European
war, even though they didn’t like Hitler
(isolationism)
• Lend Lease Aid – gave financial & weaponry aid
to Allied powers
• FDR wins 3rd term & assures neutrality
• U.S. pushed for peace in between WWI & WWII
by supporting naval disarmament
America Enters the War
•The Battle of the Atlantic – German U-boat sank many Allied &
U.S. cargo ships  hurt U.S. trade
•Pearl Harbor – Japan wanted SE Asia (including Hawaii)  plan to
attack U.S. forces in HI & then dominate Pacific islands
•December 7, 1941 – air attack on U.S. troops
•kamikazes – crashing piloted planes into Allied ships
Mobilizing for War on the
Home Front
• economy recovers from Great Depression
• Production BOOMS! Building quantities of tanks, liberty
ships (carries troops & supplies), jeeps, guns, and ammo
• employment & wages increase
• a move to the city life
• Farmers make money again – they feed the troops & the
country
• Selective Training & Service Act – draft between 18 & 38 &
deferments granted
• Taxes INCREASE!
The U.S. War Effort
– Mobilizing for War
Women work in factories
to cover men’s jobs
– Rosie the Riveter
• Women help in military
effort
– nurses
– typists – military
communications
Who is stationed here? And where is this?
U.S. War Effort on the
Home Front (contd.)
• Minorities – discriminated against but were
granted some aid
– Fair Employment Practices Committee – prevent
discrimination in war effort & govt. jobs
– Zoot suit Riots – Mexican Americans killed by U.S.
sailors (believed clothing material should be used for
war efforts, not personalized rebellious expression)
• Japanese American Internment Camps – forced
relocation & imprisonment of Japanese
Americans – Germans & Italians also but on
smaller scale
– happened because of fear, racism, and protection
(not extermination)
Arizona
Contributions &
the War Effort
• Internment Camps = site to put “bad” civilians & forced
to relocate; ex. Japanese Internment = Poston, Papago,
& Gila
• Ira Hayes – Native American & Arizonan in Iwo Jima
(famous picture & statue)
• Az air force bases created: Luke, Williams, & DavisMonthan (open land for training)
• Code Talkers – Navajo radio operators
– used native language as a spy language
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rSvm3m8ZUA
POW Camps
http://scribol.com/anthropology-and-history/the-bataan-death-march-inpictures/0
• Prisoner of War
• camp for enemy combatants captured by the
enemy in time of war
• treatment should be “adequate” – lodging, food,
conditions of labor
• camps for both sides (Allied & Axis)
• Battaan Death March
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9f5FmSQeB4
War in North Africa - Egypt
• Afrika Korps – the Germans (headed by General Rommel)
wanted the area
– Why North Africa?
• Suez canal – access to trade & a vital Allied supplied
route
• Middle Eastern Oil
• Battle of El Alamein – fight to control Egypt; between the
British/Americans & Germans
– Germans ran out of supplies (in the desert)
– Allies won
– Ended German hopes of occupying Egypt &
conquering distant lands
General Patton
• American tough warfare
General = “Old Blood &
Guts”
• brilliant, but ruthless,
military leader;
responsible for
numerous victories
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jkb
71e9heDg
Iwo Jima
•island located near Japan (Allies wanted for midway
base)
•Bloodiest
history
marine battle in American
•War in the Pacific & the islands = Battle for the
Pacific
•Battle of Midway – battle in the air, sinking each
other’s
aircraft carriers
•Guadalcanal –
located
Pacific
•Japan vs. U.S…. U.S. WINS!
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQKJY43-LmE
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYZDVrkDi-8
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkSNSXbXzzA
strategically
island in the
Okinawa
• Island closest to Japan
• Last & biggest battle in the Pacific
• 65,000 U.S. casualties (14,000 dead) in 82
days
Battle of Stalingrad
• Germany vs. Soviet Union
• the fight for the Soviet Union; Soviets saved their
nation
• Axis Powers lost
• major turning point in the war  Hitler’s attempt
to conquer the Soviet Union were crushed
D-Day
•Battle on the beaches of Normandy in France
led by U.S. General Eisenhower; marked the
beginning of the end of WWII
•June 6, 1944, 150,000 Allied soldiers swarmed
the beaches
•Allied warships tried to protect them with
gunfire
•Heavy resistance by German forts
•fight to take France back from Germany
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMy1ZLyaSqkhttp://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=QzRiiM9dThA&list=PL7fEBIe2EoiPXtsWyJg5q5FDabJF309tq
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82RTzi5Vt7w
The Battle of the Bulge
•the last major German offensive attack in Belgium
•77,000 U.S. casualties but U.S. prevailed
•ended Germany’s ability to wage offensive war
FDR –
th
4
term & death
• 1932 -1945 = Presidential term
• died from brain hemorrhage right before atomic
bomb dropping
• VP Harry Truman succeeded
the Atomic Bomb
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uN_MeeNw6_s
•the Manhattan Project – Allied scientists
working on a secret program to create
bomb; led by Oppenheimer
•Japan refused the Allies’ demands for an
unconditional surrender = Postdam
Conference (ultimatum)
•U.S. President Truman used the bomb
•Why did Truman do it?
to save American lives and shorten the
war
the Atomic Bomb (contd.)
• Hiroshima – Enola Gay, B-29 bomber, dropped the
bomb on the Japanese city; “Little Boy”
– killed between 70,000 – 80,000 people in an
instant; 140,000 died over the next few months
– 1,000s more died because of serious burns and
radiation poisoning
• Nagasaki – 2nd bomb dropped; “Fat Man”
– killed roughly 40,000 people in an instant; 80,000 casualties
over the next few months
– Japan finally surrendered
• Almost a 3rd bomb was dropped, finally Emperor
Hirohito surrendered
•
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6m77C8gOl0
(Hiroshima: BBC History of WWII)
The Costs of WWII
• approximately 50 million
people died (more than ½
civilians)
• U.S. economy better than ever
(war not fought on American
soil = no devastation). But U.S.
had to give LOTS of aid!
• Devastated countries: China,
Poland, the Soviet Union,
Germany, Japan, and European
nations
– food shortages, disease,
homelessness, malnutrition
– ancient buildings ruined
the Holocaust
•Hitler & the Nazis attempt to exterminate the Jews
(genocide)
•Working camps (Dachau) vs. Death camps
(Auschwitz)
•gas chambers & furnaces
•“Final solution” = 6 million Jews were killed
The Birth of Israel
• creation of a Jewish homeland
• UN ordered Palestine be divided into 2 states –
one Arab, one Jewish
• took Palestinians home… still angry to this day
http://www.yout
ube.com/watch
?v=HwdP4gFP
98w
The War Crimes Trials
• Allies will hold these in Nuremberg,
Germany… Nuremberg trials
• held to try Nazi leaders for crimes against
humanity
– 21 Nazi leaders found guilty, 12 put to death
Post WWII
• GI Bill – Congress passed this law to help the transition from
military to civilian life & provide former soldiers an
education, loans for houses, farms, & businesses
• does NOT guarantee vet they will get their old job back
Post WWII
• Yalta Conference – the Big 3 met at Yalta in the Soviet
Union to discuss the postwar world
– met before Hiroshima
• meeting supported:
– creation of a world peacekeeping organization (the
United Nations) 50 nations met in San Francisco in
1945 &
– a democratic governments in Axis controlled
nations…
• Stalin did not honor agreements (ex. Poland)  the
Cold War
The Cold War… the beginning
• 2 major world powers
after WWII:
– U.S.
– Soviet Union
• “Cold War” – the 2
nations’ struggle for
global power
The End
• Hitler committed suicide
• Mussolini (beaten by his
own people) & Tojo
hanged (tried to commit
suicide)
• Emperor Hirohito
surrendered
SUMMARY
• QUIZ TIME
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAOIseIomvw
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Wc5M-g1wOs
• 1. Name the conference the Allies had
with Hitler in order to appease his rule
and allowed him to stay in power
without a world war.
• 2. World War II started when Germany
invaded what country?
• 3. Name the three Axis powers.
• 4. What event led America to enter the
war?
• 5. Name an Arizona location where
Japanese Americans were held during
the war.
• 6. Which group of people were a major
contributing factor to winning the war
because the Japanese could not
understand what these people were
saying?
• 7. What is the bloodiest American
Marine battle ever?
• 8. Which battle was THE turning point in
the war which led to the Germans
retreating back to their home country?
• 9. What was the name of the secret
operation to build an atomic bomb?
• 10. What meeting ended World War II
but initiated the Cold War?