Name: __________________________ Period: ____
Summarizing Questions Handout
1. What is a daughter cell?
2. Why is cell division simpler in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes?
3. What is the major function of cell division and mitosis?
4. What is a chromosome? Of what are chromosomes made?
5. Match each term below with the appropriate number on the diagram.
___a. cytokinesis
___ b. metaphase
___ c. interphase
___ d. prophase
___ e. telophase
___ f. anaphase
6. a. What is the longest stage of the cell cycle?
b. What is the shortest stage of the cell cycle?
7. What is the end result of mitosis and cytokinesis?
8. What is the first clue that mitosis has begun?
9. What happens to the amount of DNA in the nucleus just before the
beginning of mitosis?
10. Why are chromosomes called “doubled chromosomes” just before mitosis
begins?
S7L2. Students will describe the structure and function of cells, tissues and
organ systems.
A. Explain that cells take in nutrients in order to grow and divide and to make
needed materials.
Agenda: Cellular Reproduction
Learning Target: I know why and how cells reproduce,
because . . .
Success Criteria: I can provide examples of each type of
reproduction in the natural world.
Warm- up:
1. With your table partners, brainstorm 2-3 reasons why
cells need to reproduce.
2. What would happen if cells could not reproduce?
Why do cells need to reproduce?
• growth
• replacement of damaged cells
• to make offspring
Cells need to reproduce for growth to occur.
Cells need to reproduce for replacement of
damaged or worn out cells.
Cells need to reproduce for to make
offspring.
Cell Reproduction
Growth and Cell Reproduction
•
The process of one cell dividing into two
daughter cells is called cell division.
•
As you learned earlier, prokaryotic cells like
bacteria do not have a nucleus. Their DNA
(genetic material) is found bunched up in
the cytoplasm.
•
Because of this, their cell division is simpler
than the division of eukaryotic cells.
•
Most bacteria reproduce by splitting into,
which is called binary fission. Each
daughter cell contains one copy of the DNA
from the original cell.
Binary Fission in Prokaryotes
Video Clip on Binary Fission
•
http://www.britannica.com/science/binary-fission
Growth and Cell Reproduction
• Eukaryotic cells are usually
larger and more complex than
prokaryotic cells.
• The DNA of a eukaryotic cell
is found in the nucleus. That
DNA is organized into
structures called
chromosomes.
• Most of the cells in your body
reproduce by dividing this
way.
Genetic Material & Cellular Reproduction
• Let’s examine the
genetic material
in eukaryotic
organisms
needed for cells
to reproduce &
where it comes
from.
Genetic
Material
Genetic Material
Nucleus
DNA
Base pairs
DNA - Genetic Material
Brain Pop
https://www.brainpop.com/health/geneticsgrowthanddevelopment/dna/
~stop @ 2 minutes
Chromosomes
• A chromosome is a structure made of DNA in cells with a
nucleus.
• Individual chromosomes are not clearly visible under a
microscope until just before a cell divides.
Visible
Chromosomes
• Chromosomes
organize the DNA.
• Not all organisms
have the same
amount.
• For example,
humans have 46
chromosomes, but
chickens have 78.
Chromosomes
• A house fly has 12 chromosomes and a
tomato plant has 24.
Does having more chromosomes mean
the organism is more complex?
Not necessarily.
Cell Reproduction
Damaged cells
Cells must
divide to
reproduce!
Growth
Mitosis
Brain Pop
https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/mitosis/
The Cell Cycle
•
The cell cycle is the
period of time from the
beginning of one cell
division to the beginning
of the next.
•
It consists of three stages:
1. interphase
2. mitosis
3. cytokinesis
Which part of the cell cycle takes the longest?
The Cell Cycle
• Interphase is the
stage that occurs in
between cell divisions.
• During interphase the
cell grows and
develops and
performs its functions.
What stage follows interphase?
The Cell Cycle
1) Interphase
What stage follows mitosis?
The Cell Cycle
•
Mitosis is the process
in cell division where
the nucleus divides
into two nuclei, each
with an identical set of
chromosomes.
•
Mitosis is divided into
four phases:
1.
2.
3.
4.
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase.
The Cell Cycle
Chromatids are visible.
Spindle fibers form.
2 A) Mitosis:
Prophase
The Cell Cycle
2 B) Mitosis:
Metaphase
The Cell Cycle
2 A) Mitosis:
Anaphase
The Cell Cycle
2 A) Mitosis:
Telophase
The Cell Cycle
• The shortest stage of
the cell cycle is called
cytokinesis.
• In cytokinesis, the
cytoplasm and its
organelles divide into
two daughter cells.
The Cell Cycle
3) Cytokinesis
The Cell Cycle
• Cytokinesis in plant
cells is different,
because a cell plate
forms.
What stage do you think
follows cytokinesis?
The Cell Cycle
1) Interphase
Cell Cycle
How much time is
spent in different
stages of the cell
cycle?
Observing the Cell Cycle
• With a microscope
and specially
prepared slides, we
can observe the cell
cycle and identify
each part.
Can you see what
stage and phase this
cell shows?
Anaphase
Can you identify each
step in the cycle?
Word Bank: Interphase,
Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase, Telophase,
Cytokinesis
Summarizing Questions
1. What is a daughter cell?
2. Why is cell division simpler in prokaryotes
than in eukaryotes?
3. What is the major function of cell division
and mitosis?
4. What is a chromosome? Of what are
chromosomes made?
5. Match each term below with the
appropriate number on the diagram.
a. cytokinesis
b. metaphase
c. interphase
d. prophase
e. telophase
f. anaphase
Summarizing Questions
6. What is the longest stage of the cell cycle?
What is the shortest stage of the cell
cycle?
7. What is the end result of mitosis and
cytokinesis?
8. What is the first clue that mitosis has
begun?
9. What happens to the amount of DNA in the
nucleus just before the beginning of
mitosis?
10. Why are chromosomes called “doubled
chromosomes” just before mitosis begins?
What effects does mitosis cause?
Hypothesize what would happen if cells
could not complete mitosis or if it was
done incorrectly.
Closing:
1. Why do cells reproduce?
2. What are the of the two types of reproduction called
that we discussed, today?
3. Provide examples of the two types of reproduction in
the natural world.
Mitosis Game
•
https://www.classzone.com/books/ml_science_share/vis_sim/chm05_pg71_celldiv/chm05_pg71_
celldiv.html
•
http://www.rigb.org/education/games/human-body/the-cell-cycle