Personal and
Occupational Safety
in the Workplace
Instructional Materials Service
IMS #8000G
Objectives

Locate sources of information regarding
relevant safety policies and regulations.

Identify proper safety procedures.

Apply safe working practices to all
training/working situations.
Introduction

Everyone shares the responsibility of
safety, whether at home, in school, or in
the workplace.

The responsibility for safety is shared
between children, parents, students,
employees, and employers.

Safety benefits everyone!
Introduction

Webster defines safety as “protection
against accidents and breakage.”

Safety has also been defined as a “state of
being relatively free from harm, danger,
injury, or damage.”

Prevention is one key to safety.
Introduction

Prevention is stopping an injury before it
occurs.

Safety is knowing what to do once the
accident has occurred.

It may not be possible to prevent all
accidents from happening, but it is
possible to decrease the number of
serious injuries.
Introduction

Each year, nearly 6,000 people die from
workplace injuries.
 Another
4 million suffer non-fatal injury or
illness.

In the agriculture industry alone, over 700
workers die in work-related accidents
yearly.
 Another
120,000 suffer disabling injuries.
Introduction

These figures are an improvement from
the 1,200 deaths and 140,000 disabling
injuries in 1992.
 However,
these figures are still much too high
when considered in proportion to the total
American population.

Only about 2% of the workforce is engaged in fulltime agricultural production.
Common Hazards Associated with
Agricultural Occupations


Mechanical

Electrical

Chemical

Livestock
Environmental
Mechanical Hazards

Leading cause of fatal injury in the industry
between 1996 and 2001.
 Over
4,000 died due to accidents involving
tractors, trucks, fishing boats, harvesting
machines, mowing machines, and other
agricultural machines.

Machinery is also the leading cause of
non-fatal injury in the industry.
Mechanical Hazards

Tractors are responsible for 350-450
fatalities each year.

Common tractor-related accidents include:
 overturns;
 runovers;
 entanglements
 highway
in power drivelines; and
collisions.
General Safety Tips
for Tractor Operation

Set parking brake when tractor is stopped.

Ensure tractor is equipped with a bypass
starter.
 This
prevents jump-starting and reduces the
likelihood that someone could be run over if
tractor lurches forward when jump-started.
General Safety Tips
for Tractor Operation

Be sure all people
are clear of the
machine before
moving.
 When
driving at a
mere 5 mph, it still
takes 1.6 seconds
and 12 feet to
stop a tractor.
Relationship Between Tractor Speed
and Stopping
Tractor
Speed
(mph)
Time
Tractor
Covers 6 ft.
Stopping
Time
Stopping
Distance
(seconds)
(feet)
(seconds)
5
0.82
1.6
12
10
0.41
3.2
30
15
0.27
4.8
48
20
0.20
6.4
64
25
0.16
8.0
84
30
0.14
9.6
111
General Safety Tips
for Tractor Operations

Farm equipment should
be hitched properly.
 At
the drawbar and
recommended hitch
points.

Drawbar
Failure to properly hitch
equipment results in
instability and may
cause a rear overturn.
Rollover Protective Structures


Tractors should be
equipped with rollover
protective structures
(ROPS).
These devices, in
conjunction with wearing
a seatbelt, prevent the
driver from being
crushed in the event of
an overturn.
ROPS
Rollover Protective Structures

Since 1976, ROPS have been designed
into the cabs of new tractors.

ROPS can also be purchased to fit older
models.

When used appropriately, it is estimated
that ROPS and seat belts are 99%
effective in preventing death or serious
injury in the event of an overturn and
would save 350 lives annually.
Avoiding Tractor Overturns

Photo Courtesy of USDA CREES
Tractors
should not be
operated on
slopes greater
than 20 to 25
degrees.
Avoiding Tractor Overturns

Embankments, ditches, and holes should
be avoided when possible.

Reduce driving speed when turning,
crossing slopes, or driving on rough, slick,
or muddy surfaces.
Preventing Runovers

Each year many people die when run over by a
tractor.

In almost all instances, the person was a
passenger while someone else was operating
the tractor.

Extra riders can be thrown from a tractor in the
event of an overturn, when the tractor hits a
bump, during a sudden stop or sharp turn, or
when leaning against the door of an enclosed
cab.
Preventing Runovers

Passengers can also distract the operator,
blocking access to controls, or obstructing
the operator’s view.

The best way to avoid such dangers is to
adopt a “No Riders” policy.
Preventing Entanglements in
Power Take Off Drivelines

PTOs involve a rotating bar
that attaches implements
such as augers, mowers,
and choppers to the tractor
and transfers power from
the tractor to the
implement.

This energy transfer is achieved
by turning at speeds of 9-16
rotations per second.
PTO
Preventing Entanglements in
Power Take Off Drivelines
PTO Master Shield

If used incorrectly,
PTOs can maim or kill
a person before the
person even has a
chance to react.

PTOs should have a
machine shield or
guard covering the
moving parts.
Tips for Preventing Entanglements
in Power Take Off Drivelines

Wear close fitting clothes.

Avoid clothes with a drawstring.

Make sure clothes are not torn.

Remove jewelry.

Tie back long hair.

Never step over a rotating PTO.

Never start or stop the PTO unless seated in the
tractor.
Transporting Agricultural Machinery

Transport of agricultural machinery can be
dangerous to the operator as well as those
sharing the road.

Thousands of accidents occur each year
involving farm machinery and other
vehicles.
Tips for Safely Transporting
Agricultural Machinery

Equipment should be
equipped with clean,
bright slow moving
vehicle (SMV)
emblems.
 This
helps warn
approaching drivers
and is required by
state law on all
equipment moving at
less than 25 miles per
hour on roadways.
Slow Moving Vehicle Emblem
Tips for Safely Transporting
Agricultural Machinery
Hazard Lights

Functional headlights,
hazard warning lights,
and turn signals will
provide advance
notice to approaching
vehicles.

Avoid transport of
farm equipment at
dawn or dusk.
Tips for Safely Transporting
Agricultural Machinery
Safety
Chain

When towing a trailer
or other piece of
equipment, do not tow
more than one at a
time.

Always use at least
one safety chain in
addition to the hitch
bar.
All-Terrain Vehicles

Commonly used in
agricultural work.

Often treated as a form
or recreation and not
given proper respect,
especially by youth.
 Between
1982 and 2002,
one-third of all ATV
accidents occurred in
youth under age 16.
2005 National FFA Convention
ATV Survey

At the 2005 National FFA Convention,
youth were asked to participate in a survey
regarding ATV use and safety.

Participants ranged in age from 12-20 and
included both males and females.
2005 National FFA Convention
ATV Survey Results

37% of boys and 20% of girls had been
hurt in an ATV accident.

Only 22% of survey participants had
received any safety training.

25% never wear a helmet.

Only 12% never allow a passenger.

Most participants operate larger ATVs
than recommended for their age.
Tips for Safe Operation
of All-Terrain Vehicles

Wear a helmet.

Operate a machine appropriate for your
size and age.

Avoid paved roads.

Be free from the influence of alcohol or
drugs.
Tips for Safe Operation
of All-Terrain Vehicles

Cease operation in adverse weather
conditions.

Receive proper training.

Avoid unnecessary risks and
inappropriate behavior.
Electrical Hazards

Electrical shock results from accidents
involving electricity.

Possible outcomes of electrical shock:
 Burned
flesh.
 Respiratory
 Cardiac
arrest.
 Permanent
 Death.
failure.
disfigurement.
Electrical Hazards

The following can be responsible for
electrical accidents:
 Contact
with overhead electrical lines.
 Electrical
 Contact
shorts in buildings and work areas.
with electrical wiring.
 Malfunction
tools.
of or inappropriate use of power
Overhead Electrical Lines

Contact can occur when driving under the
line with machinery, erecting poles or
structures, or using tall ladders.

Be aware of the location of overhead lines
and make certain adequate clearance
exists before working or traveling below
them.
Buildings and Work Areas

Electrical panels should be
covered.

Work areas should be
equipped with Ground Fault
Circuit Interrupters (GFCI)
and three-prong grounding
plugs.

All switches and outlets
should be covered with face
plates.
Power Tools

Power tools should always be properly
functioning and not be used if damaged.

Insulation around the cord should be fully
intact and without cuts or tears.

When repairing or cleaning tools, be sure
to switch off and unplug the tool.
Power Tools

When unplugging a tool, grip it by the plug,
not the cord.

When carrying a power tool, do not carry it
by the cord.

If a tool is equipped with safety guards or
shields, never remove them, and always
keep them in good shape.
Power Tools

In the event of a tool starting to smoke or
burn, or the endangerment of an operator
or bystander, shut off the tool and unplug
it, or use an emergency cutoff switch.

Never use electrical tools around water.
Chemical Hazards

Chemical exposure can be a result of:
 ingestion
by swallowing or eating;
 contact
with the skin;
 contact
with the eyes, or
 inhaling
or breathing it into the lungs.
Tips for Safely Handling Chemicals

Use appropriate
protective clothing or
gear.


Photo Courtesy of USDA
Natural
Resources Conservation Service
Protective gear may
include rubber gloves,
mask, eye goggles, longsleeved shirt, long pants, or
close-toed shoes.
Wash clothes exposed to
chemicals separately
from the rest of the
laundry.
Chemical Labeling

A chemical label provides information
regarding potential hazards associated
with the chemical product.

Hazard level categories include:
 Caution
 Warning
 Danger
Caution

Lowest level of potential
harm.

Exposure isn’t likely to
produce permanent damage
if appropriate first-aid is
rendered.

Common ailments upon
exposure include eye or skin
inflammation, dizziness, or
upset stomach.
Warning

Indicates the potential for serious illness or
harm.
Danger

Highest level of potential harm.

Exposure may result in tissue damage to
the eyes or skin.

If swallowed, the result could be damage
to the mouth, throat, and stomach; or even
death.
Proper Chemical Storage

Chemicals should be kept in locked storage, out
of reach of children.

Chemicals should be stored in their original,
labeled container.
 Storing
chemicals in unapproved containers,
especially containers formerly containing foodstuff, is
dangerous because it can easily be mistaken for
something else that poses no danger.
 Empty
chemical containers should be disposed of
properly and not reused for storing something else.
Livestock Hazards

Livestock is a leading cause of nonfatal
occupational farming injuries.
 This

is rivaled only by machinery.
Additionally, countless visitors and family
members that are not employed by the
farm are injured by livestock each year.
Instincts and Characteristics
Making Livestock Dangerous

Difficulty judging distances.

Easily spooked by sudden or loud noises,
changes in lighting or shadows, and swift
or sudden movements.

Highly territorial and extremely protective
of their young.

Tendency to become unpredictable and
aggressive when separated from the
group.
Tips for Safely Handling and
Working With Livestock
Photo Courtesy of
USDA Agricultural Research Service

Remain calm, move
slowly, and avoid
making loud noises.

Avoid animals with
newborns and bulls,
boars, rams, or
stallions.
Tips for Safely Handling and
Working With Livestock

Approach
animals,
particularly
cattle and
horses, at the
shoulder, and
avoid their hind
legs.
Photo Courtesy of USDA
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Tips for Safely Handling and
Working With Livestock

Always have an
escape route,
especially in enclosed
spaces.

Consistently and
properly use available
restraining equipment.
Photo Courtesy of
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Tips for Safely Handling and
Working with Livestock
Photo Courtesy of USDA
Natural Resources Conservation Service

Facilities should be
designed for easy
access to and exit
from animals.

Bystanders and
children should be
banned from handling
areas.
Tips for Safely Handling and
Working With Livestock

Wear a helmet when
riding horses.

Wear close-toed or
steel-toed shoes
when working with
any type of large
animal.
Environmental Hazards


Sun Damage

Hearing Loss
Respiratory Ailments
Sun Damage

According to the National Safety Council,
there has been an increase in skin cancer
among farmers and ranchers.

This can be attributed to prolonged sun
exposure.
Tips for Preventing Sun Damage

Wear hats with wide
brims that cover most
of the face, neck, and
ears.
Tips for Preventing Sun Damage

Cover other areas of the body by wearing
lightweight clothing.

Apply sunscreen with a sun protection
factor (SPF) of 15 or higher.

Protect your eyes by wearing sunglasses
that block 99% or 100% of UV light.
Hearing Loss

Hearing loss can result from frequent
exposure to loud, damaging sounds and
noises such as running machinery.

According to the National Safety Council,
farmers and ranchers have increased
levels of hearing loss when compared to
other occupations.
Damaging Sounds
Noise
Noise Level
(decibels)

Sounds are
considered to be
hazardous if more
than 85 decibels.
Jet Airplane
140
Pig Squeals
130
Chain Saw
115
Loud Rock Music
115
Chickens (inside building)
105
Table Saw
100
Shop Vacuum
98
Tractor (wearing protective gear)
85-95
Electric Drill
88
Lawnmower
85
Quiet Whisper
20
Damaging Sounds

An easy test for determining if a sound has
reached this proportion is to see if you can
be heard shouting at three feet away.
 If
not, the sound is probably greater than 85
decibels.
Tips for Preventing Hearing Loss

Utilize hearing protection devices such as
muffs or ear plugs.

Increase the distance between you and
the source of the noise.
Respiratory Hazards


Grain Dust
Animal Dander

Molds

Pollen



Soil
Fumes
Exhaust
Respiratory Hazards

If not kept from entering the lungs, air
contaminants can cause lung damage and
long-term respiratory problems.

Exposure to toxic gases, particularly those
resulting from manure or crop storage,
could result in asphyxiation, irreversible
lung damage, lingering respiratory
problems, and perhaps even death.
Respiratory Hazards

The best way to
prevent lung damage
is to wear appropriate
respiratory
equipment.
Other Hazards


Lifting
Repetitive Motion Injury

Falls and Slips
Lifting

More than 30% of all
workers’ compensation
cases are related to
back injury.
Lifting

If possible, avoid
lifting heavy objects
by pushing, pulling,
rolling, or sliding the
object.

Use mechanical
assistance, carts, or
dollies when possible.
Tips for Preventing Injury
During Lifting

Do not attempt to lift a load of more than
one-third, or 35%, of your body weight.

If possible, ask other workers for help.

A signal should be given to lift when two
or more workers are lifting to equalize
the load.
Tips for Preventing Injury
During Lifting

Feet should be kept close to the object
being lifted.

One foot should be closer to the object
than the other, to maintain balance.

Feet should be 8 to 12 inches apart.

Knees should be bent, and hips should be
kept lower than the shoulders when lifting.
Tips for Preventing Injury
During Lifting

Heavy loads should
be lifted with the legs
and not the back.
 Assume
a squatting
position with back
erect.
 Straighten
the legs to
raise the weight.
Repetitive Motion Injury

Commonly referred to as RMI.

Can include the following:
 Carpal
Tunnel Syndrome
 Muscle
Strain
 Tendonitis
 Chronic

Neck and Back Pain
Approximately 60% of lost-time at work due to
muscle and skeletal complaints are due to RMIs.
Occupations that Commonly Suffer
from Repetitive Motion Injury

Assembly Line Work


Meat Cutting and Packaging


Product Testing
Cabinet Making
Loading/Unloading Situations
Tips for Preventing
Repetitive Motion Injuries

Find a comfortable and efficient work
posture.

Maintain a balance of movements.

Use ergonomic chairs.

Correct monitor height.
Falls and Slips

Falls from ladders are particularly
dangerous.

Other falls and slips are generally caused
by work areas or walkways that are dirty,
cluttered, or wet.
Tips for Preventing
Falls from Ladders

Prior to use, inspect it for problems with its
structure.

Ensure ladder chosen is appropriate for
the task at hand.
 Metal
ladders should not be used in electrical
settings.

If possible, a ladder with “safety feet” that
stays stable on most surfaces should be
selected.
Tips for Preventing
Falls from Ladders

While in use, the ladder should be placed
at the proper angle when propped against
the wall or object of support.

The distance from the base of the ladder
to the wall should be one-fourth of the
height of the ladder.
Tips for Preventing
Falls from Ladders

The ladder should be long enough to
safely accomplish the job.

If one is working at a higher surface, the
ladder should extend three feet above the
upper surface.
Tips for Preventing Falls and Slips

Ensure that work areas and walkways are
clean and dry.

Do not leave objects lying on the ground.

Wear footwear with slip-resistant soles
and heels.
Personal Safety Practices

Show consideration for others.
 Do
not leave drawers or cabinets open that
may cause others to stumble.
 Clean
up after yourself.
 Return
 Clear
equipment to the proper location.
walkways.
 Correct
safety hazards and make others
aware of hazardous situations.
Personal Safety Practices

Avoid inappropriate behavior.

Do not run around hazardous materials,
machinery, or equipment.

Be aware of one’s own personal state and
how it affects others.
 If
one is tired or fatigued, driving or other
complex tasks may be difficult and dangerous
to the individual and others in the workplace.
Personal Safety Practices

Be aware of one’s own personal emotional state.
 An
individual who is depressed, nervous, angry, or
overly excited may forget things or become agitated.


The lack of attention caused by the person’s emotional state
may lead to safety hazards.
Avoid use of alcohol or drugs.
 These
can inhibit one’s ability to drive, operate
machinery, or carry out other difficult procedures,
endangering not only one’s self, but also others.
Universal Safety Color Coding


Familiarity with the
meaning of safety
colors can help an
employee avoid
hazards and locate
safety equipment.
Colors generally serve
as the background for
safety signs and
notices.
Safety
Colors
Red

Danger or Emergency
o
Code for stop controls,
safety switches,
containers for
combustible materials,
and fire equipment.
Orange

Warning
 Indicates
machine hazards such as edges
and openings.
 Also
used as background for electrical
switches, levers, and controls.
Yellow

Caution
 Indicates
adjusting
wheels, levers, and
controls that should be
checked before turning
on power.
Yellow and Black Stripes

Marks stairs, protruding objects, and other
stationary equipment.
Blue

Information
 Provides
warning or caution when machines
or equipment is “Out-of-Order” or under
repair.
Green

Safety
 Indicates
the location of medical equipment,
first aid, safety areas, and medical services.
Yellow and Black Diagonal Stripes

Radiation Hazards
Aluminum

Waste Containers
 Flammable
waste
when container has an
orange band.
 Inflammable
waste
when container has a
black band.
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)



Eye Protection
Hearing Protection
Respiratory Protection
Headgear



Gloves
Footwear
Protective Eyewear

Protects an individual from foreign matter
flying into the eyes.

Common types include:
 Safety
Glasses
 Goggles
 Face
Shields
Safety Glasses

Worn like regular prescription
glasses, but made to
standards that are much
stricter than personal eyewear.

May be worn in conjunction
with personal eyewear.

Generally offers no side
protection, but may be
available with either
permanent or detachable side
shields.
Safety Goggles
Photo Courtesy of USDA CREES

Should be used when
working with chemicals or
chainsaws, or when
chipping, riveting or
grinding.

Made to fit snugly around
the eyes.

Provide protection from all
angles.

Most can be worn with
prescription glasses.
Face Shields

Designed to cover the
entire face.

Protects from heat, glare,
and flying objects.

Generally offers only
secondary protection.

May require use in
conjunction with another
form of protective eyewear.
Photo Courtesy of
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Protective Eyewear for Welding

Welding requires specialized
protection due to the nature
of the strong ultraviolet and
infrared rays.

Welding helmets and
goggles are equipped with
special filtering lenses that
can protect the eyes against
the powerful rays.
Hearing Protection

Acoustic Earmuffs

Hearing Plugs
Acoustic Earmuffs

Worn over the ears.

May be more comfortable than plugs when
used over an extended period.
Hearing Plugs

Plugged into the ear.

Can be either reusable or disposable.

If they will be used infrequently or for a
short period of time, disposable plugs may
be preferable.
Respiratory Protection

Equipment should
cover the mouth and
nose and effectively
filter the hazardous
particles.

Simple dust mask is
generally sufficient.
Respiratory Protection

Tasks involving
chemicals or fumes
may require a
respirator.
 Device
purifies
existing air and filters
out damaging
particles.
 Involves
a mask worn
over the nose and
mouth and a filter or
cartridge.
Photo Courtesy of
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Headgear


Hard Hats
Bump Caps
Hard Hats

Consist of a hard
shell made of
aluminum, fiberglass,
or plastic, and a
suspension system.

Should be worn when
the possibility exists
of falling objects such
as building materials
or tools.
Bump Caps

Meant to be worn in areas with little
headroom or low-hanging machinery.

Provide no impact protection but can
protect against bumps and minor head
injury.
Gloves

Provide valuable protection for hands and
forearms.

Can prevent cuts, abrasions, burns,
contact with hazardous chemicals, and
some electrical shocks.

Gloves worn should always be appropriate
for the task at hand.
Types of Gloves

Leather
 Protects
the hand against rough objects,
chips, sparks, and moderate heat.

Cotton
 Can
protect against abrasions, splinters, and
dirt.
 Helpful
in gripping slippery objects.
Types of Gloves

Rubber, neoprene, or vinyl
 Used

when working with chemicals.
Metal Mesh and Kevlar Knit
 Prevents
cuts from sharp objects.
Footwear

Steel-toe cap protects the toes.

Steel shanks help more evenly distribute
weight.

Metatarsal guards protect the top of the
foot.

Steel mid-soles protect against punctures.

Slip-resistant soles help prevent slips and
falls.
Hazardous Communications
(HazCOM) Program

The Hazardous Communications Standard
is administered by OSHA.

Standard strives to ensure the following:
 Employers
and employees are aware of
hazards posed by chemicals.
 Workers
know how to protect themselves from
such hazards.
 Reduce
the incidence of illnesses and injuries
caused by chemical hazards.
Parts of HazCOM
1.
2.
Labeling
Material Safety Data Sheets
3.
Training
Labeling

Chemical manufacturers convey hazard
information on the product’s container
label.

Label must identify the following:
 Chemical
 Hazard
 Name
Warnings
and Address of Manufacturer
Labeling

Hazard warnings can consist of any
message, word, picture, or symbol that
provides information regarding the
hazards of the chemical and organs that
may be affected by exposure.

Employers are responsible for ensuring
that containers remain labeled, tagged, or
marked once in the workplace.
Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS)

Chemical manufacturers prepare Material
Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) that are
supplied when the chemical is purchased
or distributed.
Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS)

The MSDS is an information bulletin describing
the following:
 Physical
and chemical properties of the chemical.
 Physical
and health hazards chemical may pose.
 Routes
of exposure.
 Precautions
for safe handling and use.
 Emergency
and first-aid procedures.
 Control
 Contact
measures.
information of the organization that prepared
the sheet.
Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS)

Employers are responsible for preparing a
list of all hazardous materials in the
workplace and collecting MSDS forms on
each of those chemicals.

Copies of MSDS forms must be available
to all employees.
Training

Training or information programs should
be conducted when:
 An
employee is initially assigned a task
involving hazardous chemicals.
A
new hazard is introduced.
Information To Be Discussed in
Training or Information Programs

HazCOM standard and its requirements.

Components of the workplace’s hazard
communication program.

Operations in work areas where
hazardous chemicals are present.

Location of hazard evaluation procedures,
communications program, lists of
hazardous chemicals, and MSDS forms.
Information To Be Discussed In
Training or Information Programs

How to read and interpret labels and the
MSDS.

Hazards of chemicals in the work area.

Measures employees can take to protect
themselves.

Methods and observations that can be
used to detect the presence of a
hazardous chemical.
Lockout/Tagout Programs

Designed to disable
machinery and prevent
unexpected energization or
startup while performing
repairs or maintenance.

Involves applying an
energy-isolating device or
lock to a piece of
machinery or equipment.
Lockout/Tagout Programs

Require that a designated individual
perform the following steps before repair
or maintenance:
1.
Disconnect the machinery or equipment
from its power source.
2.
Lock or tag the piece of equipment using the
appropriate energy-isolating device.
3.
Verify that energy has been isolated
effectively.
Responding to Injury and Accidents

The response of individuals on the scene
and medical professionals can often
determine the severity of the outcome.

Many agricultural workers die, or suffer
from aggravated injuries, each year when
the first individuals on the scene are not
prepared to offer appropriate assistance.
Responding to Injury

Remember the “three C’s” of responding
to injury.
 Check
 Call
for the safety of the victim.
911.
 Care
for the conditions you find.
Responding to Injury

Remain calm!
 Failure
to do so will inhibit your ability to offer
assistance and could ultimately be
devastating to the victim.

Check the victim for consciousness,
breathing status, bleeding, broken bones,
and the cause of the accident or injury.
 If
necessary, render first-aid needed to
stabilize the victim.
Responding to Injury

After assessing the health and condition of
the victim, promptly call 911.
 When
speaking with the dispatcher, remain
calm and listen carefully.
 Be
prepared to answer questions regarding
the victim’s condition.
 You
may be asked to follow instructions on
how to care for the victim.
First-Aid for Bleeding

Stop or control the bleeding.
A
clean cloth should be placed over the
wound and pressure applied with the palm of
the hand until the bleeding stops.

If possible, elevate the wound above the
victim’s heart to slow the bleeding.
First Aid for Bleeding

A tourniquet should only be used if blood
loss may result in death.
 Tourniquet
can damage tissue, nerves, and
blood vessels, potentially causing the victim to
lose his/her arm or leg.
First Aid for Shock Victims

Shock occurs when vital body functions are
threatened by not getting enough blood or
oxygen to major organs and tissues.

Shock generally occurs following severe injury
or emotional upset.

Symptoms may include pale or bluish skin, skin
that is cold to the touch, dull or sunken eyes,
nausea or vomiting, unusual thirst, shallow
breathing, or confusion.
First Aid for Shock Victims

Shock victims should be kept lying flat on
their back with their legs elevated.

Covering the victim with blankets will
prevent the loss of body heat.

Try not to give the victim something to eat
or drink, as this may cause vomiting.
First Aid for Potential Spinal Injury

If possible, avoid moving an injured
person, especially if a spinal injury is a
possibility.
 Moving
an individual with a spinal injury could
make the injury worse.
 These
injuries can not be repaired, and often
result in paralysis or death.
First Aid for Potential Spinal Injury

If a victim must be moved, keep the neck
and torso as straight as possible.
 If
possible, drag the person on a blanket or by
the clothing around the neck or shoulder area.
 The
next best alternative would be to pull the
person by his/her feet.
 Regardless
of the method used, move the
person using both arms or feet and pull in a
straight line, not sideways.
First Aid for Burn Victims

For most burns, immerse the burned area
in cool water, or run cold water over the
burned area for 30 minutes.

If clothing is stuck to the burn, do not
remove it.

Once the burn has been flushed, cover it
with clean, cotton material.

Do not scrub the burn, use soap, or apply
ointments.
First Aid for Heat Exhaustion

Heat exhaustion can occur when an individual
has difficulty adjusting to warm temperatures or
is in an area with poor air circulation.
 Cause
is generally loss of body fluids and salts.

Signs of heat exhaustion include excessive
fatigue, dizziness, disorientation, or clammy
skin.

Move the victim to a cool area and encourage
the individual to drink cool water and rest.
First Aid for Heat Stroke

Heat stroke is a grave condition in which
the body’s sweat glands shut down.

Symptoms include confusion, collapse,
unconsciousness, or fever with dry,
mottled skin.

If not treated immediately, a victim could
die.
First Aid for Heat Stroke

The victim should be moved to a cool
place and cool water poured over him/her
until help arrives.
First Aid for Poisoning

Call the Poison Control Center at:
1-800-222-1222.
 Keep
the poison container or label available
when you call for medical assistance, whether
the Poison Control Center or 911.
First Aid for Poisoning

If the poison is corrosive to the skin,
remove clothing from the affected area
and flush the area with water for 30
minutes.

If poison comes into contact with the eyes,
flush the eyes for at least 15 minutes with
clean water.
Rescue Breathing

Necessary when
breathing has
stopped or the lips,
tongue and fingernails
become blue.
Steps for
Administering Rescue Breathing
1.
Determine if the person can respond.
2.
Ask someone to phone for help.
3.
Roll the person onto their back.
4.
Open the airway by tilting the head back,
and lifting the chin.
5.
Clear the mouth and throat of any
obstructions with your fingers.
Steps for
Administering Rescue Breathing
6.
Check for breathing by looking, listening,
and feeling for breathing for 3-5 seconds.
7.
Give the person two full breaths by tilting
their head back, pinching the nose shut,
sealing your lips around their mouth, and
breathing two 1-1 ½ second breaths into
their mouth.
8.
Check for pulse at the side of the neck
for 5-10 seconds.
Steps for
Administering Rescue Breathing
9.
Phone emergency staff for help.
10.
Continue rescue breathing, giving one
full breath every 5 seconds.
11.
Re-check the pulse every minute.
12.
Continue rescue breathing until the
person has a pulse or until medical help
arrives.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
(CPR)

Combination of rescue
breathing and chest
compressions used when
a victim is thought to be
in cardiac arrest.

Requires specialized
training.

Highly recommended to
have one or many
employees trained in
CPR.
Responding to Accidents

Quick action and response helps prevent
further injury and/or loss.

In the event of an electrical problem,
electrical fire, or employee entanglement
in a piece of electrical-powered
equipment, the electrical service
disconnect should be promptly activated.
Responding to Accidents

All employees should know
the location of emergency
exits and be familiar with
proper fire evacuation
procedures.

Everyone should know where
to locate and how to properly
operate a fire extinguisher.
Fire Extinguishers

Fire extinguishers should be appropriate
for the class of fire that is most probable
in a particular workplace.

Classes of fires are determined by the
material on fire and the surroundings.
Classes of Fires

Class A
 Ordinary
combustibles such as wood, paper,
or cloth, excluding any type of liquid or the
presence of electricity.

Class B
 Flammable
liquids such as grease, fuels, and
paints not in the presence of electricity.
Classes of Fires

Class C
 Electrical
equipment such as motors and
switches.

Class D
 Combustible
titanium.
metals such as magnesium and
Fire Extinguishers

May be labeled
using a
combination of
letters or
symbols
showing the
type of fires it
can be used to
extinguish.
Fire Extinguishers

The most comprehensive type of fire
extinguisher is a multipurpose dry
chemical extinguisher which can be used
for Class A, B, or C fires.

Dry powder special compound
extinguishers can be used to extinguish
Class D fires.
Operating a Fire Extinguisher
1.
P – Pull the pin, thus unlocking the
operating handle.
2.
A – Aim the extinguisher at the base of
the fire.
3.
S – Squeeze the operating handle.
4.
S – Sweep from side to side until the fire
is out.
Safety Organizations and Laws

Safety laws and programs are aimed at
reducing injury, death, and monetary
costs.

There are many state, federal, and public
agencies dedicated to the prevention of
injuries.

Safety organizations or programs are
typically dedicated to regulation,
enforcement, and/or education.
Federal Entities Concerned with
Occupational Safety



Department of Labor
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration
National Institute of Occupational Safety
and Health

Environmental Protection Agency
State Entities Concerned with
Occupational Safety

Workers’ Compensation
Public Entities Concerned with
Occupational Safety


National Safety Council
Partners for a Safer Community
Department of Labor

Mission or Purpose
 Foster
and promote the welfare of American
workers by improving their working conditions
and administering various Federal labor laws
aimed at guaranteeing safe and healthful
working conditions.

Major Law or Program Administered
 Fair
Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)

Sets youth employment standards and
minimum age requirements.

Includes some provisions relating
specifically to agriculture.
 Minimum
Age Requirements
 Hazardous
Occupations Orders for
Agricultural Employment
Minimum Age Requirements

Must be 16 years of age to engage in
agricultural employment during school
hours.

Must be 14 years of age to engage in
agricultural employment outside school
hours.
Minimum Age Requirements

Young people age 12 or older may be
employed at a farm where their parent is
employed, or with written consent from
their parents.

A child of any age may be employed on a
farm owned or operated by their parent.
Hazardous Occupations Orders for
Agricultural Employment

Includes 11 on-farm occupations involving
equipment that have been declared
hazardous and prohibited for minors under
16 years of age.
Hazardous Occupations Orders for
Agricultural Employment
1.
Operating a tractor of over 20 powertake-off (PTO) horsepower, or
connecting or disconnecting an
implement or any of its parts to or from
such a tractor.
Hazardous Occupations Orders for
Agricultural Employment
2.
Operating or assisting to operate (including
starting, stopping, adjusting, feeding or any
other activity involving physical contact
associated with the operation) any of the
following machines:
a)
b)
c)
corn picker, cotton picker, grain combine, hay
mower, forage harvester, hay baler, potato digger,
mobile pea viner;
feed grinder, crop dryer, forage blower, auger
conveyer, or the unloading mechanism of a
nongravity-type self-unloading wagon or trailer; or
power post hole diggers, power post driver, or
nonwalking type rotary tiller.
Hazardous Occupations Orders for
Agricultural Employment
3. Operating or assisting to operate (including
starting, stopping, adjusting, feeding, or any
other activity involving physical contact
associated with the operation) any of the
following machines:
a) trencher or earthmoving equipment;
b) forklift;
c) potato combine; or
d) power-driven circular, band, or chain saw.
Hazardous Occupations Orders for
Agricultural Employment
4. Working on a farm in a yard, pen, or stall
occupied by
a) bull, boar, or stud horse maintained for
breeding purposes;
b) a sow with suckling pigs, or a cow with a
newborn calf (with umbilical cord present).
Hazardous Occupations Orders for
Agricultural Employment
5.
Felling, bucking, skidding, loading, or
unloading timber with butt diameter of
more than 6 inches.
6.
Working from a ladder or scaffold
(painting, repairing, or building structures,
pruning trees, picking fruit, etc.) at a
height of over 20 feet.
Hazardous Occupations Orders for
Agricultural Employment
7.
Driving a bus, truck, or automobile when
transporting passengers or riding on a
tractor as a passenger or helper.
Hazardous Occupations Orders for
Agricultural Employment
8.
Working inside:
a)
a fruit, forage, or grain storage designed to
retain an oxygen deficient or toxic atmosphere;
b)
an upright silo within 2 weeks after silage has
been added or when a top unloading device is
in operating position;
c)
a manure pit; or
d)
a horizontal silo while operating a tractor for
packing purposes.
Hazardous Occupations Orders for
Agricultural Employment
9.
Handling or applying toxic agricultural
chemicals (including cleaning or
decontaminating equipment, disposal or
return of empty containers, or serving as
a flagman for aircraft applying such
chemicals). Such toxic chemicals are
identified by the word “poison,” or
“warning,” or are identified by a “skull
and crossbones” on the label.
Hazardous Occupations Orders for
Agricultural Employment
10.
Handling or using a blasting agent,
including but not limited to, dynamite,
black powder, sensitized ammonium
nitrate, blasting caps, and primer cord; or
11.
Transporting, transferring, or applying
anhydrous ammonia.
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)

Established under the Williams-Steiger
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH
Act) enacted in 1971.
OSHA Mission

“To assure the safety and health of
America’s workers by setting and
enforcing standards; providing training
outreach, and education; establishing
partnerships; and encouraging continual
improvement in workplace safety and
health.”
Entities Subject to OSHA
Regulation

Private sector employers and their employees.

The OSH Act does not cover the following:
 the
self-employed;
 members
of the immediate family of farm employers
that do not employ outside workers;
 worker
conditions that are regulated under worker
safety or health requirements of other federal
agencies; and
 employees
of state and local governments.
State Programs

States have the option to take over safety
regulation if they adopt a program that is:
 approved
and monitored by the Secretary of
Labor and OSHA; and
 at

least as strong as the Federal program.
Texas does not have its own program.
 Texas
gives jurisdiction to OSHA and current
federal regulations.
Employer Responsibilities Under
OSHA

Provide a workplace free from serious
recognized hazards and comply with
standards, rules, and regulations issued
under the OSH Act.

Examine workplace conditions to make
sure they conform to applicable OSHA
standards.

Make sure employees have and use safe
tools and equipment and properly maintain
this equipment.
Employer Responsibilities Under
OSHA

Use color codes, posters, labels, or signs
to warn employees of potential hazards.

Establish or update operating procedures
and communicate them so that employees
follow safety and health requirements.

Provide medical examinations and training
when required by OSHA standards.
Employer Responsibilities Under
OSHA

Post, at a prominent location within the
workplace, the OSHA poster (or the stateplan equivalent) informing employees of
their rights and responsibilities.

Report to the nearest OSHA office within 8
hours any fatal accident, or one that
results in the hospitalization of three or
more employees.
Employer Responsibilities Under
OSHA

Keep records of work-related injuries and
illnesses.
 Employers
with 10 or fewer employees and
employers in certain low-hazard industries are
exempt from this requirement.

Provide employees, former employees,
and their representatives access to the
Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses.
Employer Responsibilities Under
OSHA

Provide access to employee medical
records and exposure records to
employees or their authorized
representatives.

Provide to the OSHA compliance officer
the names of authorized employee
representatives who may be asked to
accompany the compliance officer during
an inspection.
Employer Responsibilities Under
OSHA

Not discriminate against employees who
exercise their rights under the Act.

Post OSHA citations at or near the work
area involved.
 Each
citation must remain posted until the
violation has been corrected, or for three
working days, whichever is longer.
 Post
tags.
abatement verification documents or
Employer Responsibilities Under
OSHA

Correct cited violations by the deadline set
in the OSHA citation and submit required
abatement verification documentation.
OSHA Standards

OSHA standards require that employers:
 maintain
conditions or adopt practices
reasonably necessary and appropriate to
protect workers on the job;
 be
familiar with and comply with standards
applicable to their establishments; and
 ensure
that employees have and use
personal protective equipments when
required for safety and health.
Hazards Addressed by
OSHA Standards

Toxic Substances

Infectious Diseases

Harmful Physical
Agents

Fire and Explosion
Hazards

Electrical Hazards


Fall Hazards
Dangerous
Atmospheres

Machine Hazards

Confined Spaces

Trenching Hazards

Hazardous Waste
General Duty Clause

Employers must comply with the
“generally duty clause” when no specific
OSHA standards are in place.

The clause requires that each employer
furnish a place of employment that is free
from recognized hazards that are causing,
or could cause, death or serious harm to
employees.
OSHA Enforcement

OSHA’s primary method of enforcing
safety standards is through worksite
inspections.

OSHA is unable to inspect all 7 million
worksites under its jurisdiction.
 Therefore
the agency focuses on the most
hazardous workplaces.
OSHA Inspection Priorities
1.
Imminent Danger Situations

2.
Hazards exist that could cause death or
serious physical harm.
Fatalities and Catastrophes

Incidents have occurred involving an
employee death or hospitalization of three or
more employees.
OSHA Inspection Priorities
3.
Complaints

4.
Employee allegation has been made
regarding hazards or violations.
Referrals

Another federal, state, or local agency,
individual, organization, or the media has
provided hazard information to the agency.
OSHA Inspection Priorities
5.
Follow-Ups

6.
Inspection to ensure correction of violations
cited during a previous inspection.
Planned or Programmed Investigations

Aimed at specific high-hazard industries or
individual workplaces that have experienced
high rates of injuries and illnesses.
OSHA Inspection Procedures
1.
OSHA compliance officer arrives during
work hours, but generally without
advance notice.
2.
Compliance officer presents identifying
credentials.
3.
During an opening conference, officer
explains why the workplace has been
selected for inspection and explains the
inspection process.
OSHA Inspection Procedures
4.
The compliance officer, along with an
employer representative and possibly an
employee representative, will conduct a
“walkaround”.
5.
Compliance officer walks through portions
of the workplace, identifies hazards,
reviews worksite injury and illness
records, and notes whether or not the
official OSHA poster is displayed.
OSHA Inspection Procedures
6.
If violations are identified, the employer
may be given a chance to correct the
hazard immediately and avoid citation.
7.
Compliance officer consults privately with
a number of employees.
8.
Compliance officer holds a closing
conference in which he/she discusses
findings and offers possible courses of
action by the employer.
OSHA Inspection Procedures
9.
Within six months, OSHA may issue a
citation based on violations identified
during the inspection.

Violations may be categorized as otherthan-serious, serious, willful, repeated, and
failure to abate.

Depending on the severity of the violation,
an employer could be fined up to $7,000 for
each serious violation and up to $70,000 for
each willful or repeated violation.
OSHA Inspection Procedures
10.
In the event of a citation, an employer
may appeal the decision in an informal
conference with, or written notice to, the
OSHA Area Director.
Employee Rights Under OSHA

Get training from your employer as
required by OSHA standards.

Request information from your employer
about OSHA standards, worker injuries
and illnesses, job hazards, and workers’
rights.

Request action from your employer to
correct hazards or violations.
Employee Rights Under OSHA

File a complaint with OSHA if you believe
that there are either violations of OSHA
standards or serious workplace hazards.

Be involved in OSHA’s inspection of your
workplace.

Find out the results of an OSHA inspection.
Employee Rights Under OSHA

Get involved in any meetings or hearings
to discuss any objections your employer
has to OSHA’s citations or to changes in
abatement deadlines.

File a formal appeal of deadlines for
correction of hazards.

File a discrimination complaint.
Employee Rights Under OSHA

Request a research investigation on
possible workplace health hazards.

Provide comments and testimony to
OSHA during rulemaking on new
standards.
Employee Responsibilities Under
OSHA

Read the OSHA Poster at the jobsite.

Comply with all applicable OSHA
standards.

Follow all lawful employer safety and
health rules and regulations, and wear or
use prescribed protective equipment while
working.
Employee Responsibilities Under
OSHA

Report hazardous conditions to the
supervisor.

Report any job-related injury or illness to
the employer, and seek treatment
promptly.

Exercise rights under the Act in a
responsible manner.
National Institute of Occupational
Safety and Health

Also known as NIOSH.

Established under the Williams-Steiger
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH
Act) enacted in 1971.
NIOSH Responsibilities

Conducts research relating to safety and
health problems.

Provides technical assistance.

Makes recommendations to OSHA
regarding standard setting.
Environmental Protection Agency

Also known as EPA.

Regulates the application and use of
pesticides.

Responsible for administering and
enforcing the Worker Protection Standard
(WPS).
Worker Protection Standard


Protects workers on farms or in forests,
nurseries, and greenhouses from exposure to
agricultural pesticides.
Covers both pesticide handlers and agricultural
workers.
 Pesticide
handlers are “those who mix, load, or apply
agricultural pesticides; clean or repair pesticide
application equipment; or assist with the application of
pesticides in any way.”
 Agricultural workers are “those who perform tasks
related to the cultivation and harvesting of plants on
farms or in greenhouses, nurseries, or forests.”
Safety Requirements under
Worker Protection Standard

Applicators are prohibited from applying a
pesticide in a way that could endanger or
expose workers or other persons.

Workers must be excluded from the area
when pesticides are being applied.
Safety Requirements under
Worker Protection Standard

Workers must be excluded from a
pesticide-treated area during the
restricted-entry interval specified on the
pesticide product label.

Personal protective equipment must be
provided and maintained for handlers.

Workers must be notified about treated
areas so that they may avoid exposure.
Safety Requirements Under
Worker Protection Standard

Water, soap, and towels must be provided
for both handlers and workers for routine
washing and emergency decontamination.

In the event of injury or poisoning,
transportation must be made available to a
medical care facility and information must
be provided about the pesticide to which
the person may have been exposed.
Safety Requirements Under
Worker Protection Standard

Pesticide safety training is required for all
workers and handlers.

A pesticide safety poster must be
displayed in the workplace.

Employees must be informed of pesticide
label requirements.

Recent pesticide applications must be
posted in a central location.
Workers’ Compensation

A state-regulated insurance program.
 Texas
Department of Insurance, Division of
Workers’ Compensation (Division) regulates
the delivery of workers’ compensation
benefits in Texas.

Employer participation is voluntary, with
the exception of public entities.
Workers’ Compensation

Participating employers may choose to
self-insure or purchase a workers’
compensation insurance policy through a
private insurance company.

In the event that an employee is injured on
the job or suffers from a work-related
illness, workers’ compensation will provide
employees, or their families, with income
and medical benefits.
Benefits of Workers’ Compensation
for Employees

In the event that you are injured on the job
or suffer from a work-related illness,
workers’ compensation will:
 Pay
your medical bills if your employer has
workers’ compensation insurance.
 Replace
a portion of your lost wages if the
work-related injury or illness causes you to
lose all or some of your wages for more than
seven days.
Employee Rights Under
Texas Workers’ Compensation

Receive benefits based on work-related
injuries or illness.

Receive medical care.

Choose the treating doctor.

Hire an attorney to help you with your
claim or to resolve disputes.
Employee Rights Under
Texas Workers’ Compensation

Receive information and assistance from
the Office of Injured Employee Counsel.

Receive ombudsman assistance if you do
not have an attorney and a dispute
resolution has been scheduled.

Confidentiality of claim information.
Exceptions to Eligibility for Benefits

Employee was intoxicated at the time of
injury.

Injury was self-inflicted or a result of
attempts to injure someone else.

Employee was injured by another person
for personal reasons.
Exceptions to Eligibility for Benefits

Injury was the result of an act of God.

Injury occurred during horseplay.

Injury occurred while voluntarily
participating in an off-duty recreational,
social, or athletic activity.
Employee Responsibilities Under
Texas Workers’ Compensation

Inform your employer that you have been
injured at work or in the scope of your
employment.

Follow guidelines for treatment based on
the type of insurance network of which
your employer is a part.

Tell your doctor how you were injured and
whether the injury is work-related.
Employee Responsibilities Under
Texas Workers’ Compensation

Complete and submit a claim form.

Provide your current contact information to
the Division of Workers’ compensation and
the insurance carrier.

Inform the Division and insurance carrier
any time there is a change in your
employment status or wages.
Time Requirements for
Filing a Claim

Employee must inform their employer of
the injury or illness, and the date of its
occurrence or learning of it, within 30
days.

Workers’ compensation claims must be
filed with the Division within one year of
the date of the injury.
Drawbacks to Filing a Claim

In most cases, the employee gives up the
right to sue the employer.
 However,
the employee can sue a third party
(i.e. manufacturers or inspectors).

Workers’ compensation does not pay a full
salary.
Benefits of Workers’ Compensation
for Employers

Ensures that employees will receive
benefits if they suffer from a work-related
injury or illness.

Limits their liability.
Employer Rights Under
Texas Workers’ Compensation

Contest a claim.

Be informed of dispute resolution
proceedings and outcomes.

Attend any dispute resolution proceedings.
Employer Rights Under
Texas Workers’ Compensation

Present relevant evidence at dispute
resolution hearings.

Report suspected fraud to the Division or
the insurance carrier.

Contest the failure of the insurance carrier
to provide acceptable accident prevention
services.
Employer Responsibilities Under
Texas Workers’ Compensation

Report the following to the insurance
carrier within eight days:
 work-related
injuries causing employees to
miss more than one day of work;
 occupational
illnesses that may or may not
cause lost-time; or
 employee
death resulting from work-related
injury or illness.
Employer Responsibilities Under
Texas Workers’ Compensation

Provide a copy of the completed
Employer’s First Report of Injury or Illness
to the injured employee at the time the
injury is reported to the insurance carrier.

Provide a copy of “Notice of Injured
Employee Rights and Responsibilities in
the Texas Workers’ Compensation
System” to the injured employee.
Employer Responsibilities Under
Texas Workers’ Compensation

Report any changes in an injured
employee’s pay or employment status to
insurance carrier.

Keep records of work-related injuries,
illnesses, and fatalities.

Post all appropriate workplace notices
regarding workers’ compensation in plain
view in both English and Spanish.
Employer Responsibilities Under
Texas Workers’ Compensation

Provide written notice of coverage to new
employees.

Provide all employees written notice if
there is a change in coverage.
 Failure
to meet these requirements may result
in fines due to noncompliance.

Fines range between $500 and $1,000 per
occurrence.
National Safety Council

Also known as NSC.

Not-for-profit, non-governmental public
service organization.

Source of injury prevention information.

Deals with key issues in safety, health,
and environmental concerns.
National Safety Council

Encourages society to adopt safety,
health, and environmental policies,
practices, and procedures that prevent
injury and economic losses arising from
preventable causes.

Has over 18,500 members from business,
labor, government, community groups,
trade and professional associations, and
schools.
Partners for a Safer Community™

A special project of the National FFA
Organization.

Collaborative effort to promote safety and
health to agricultural youth.

Utilizes a multi-disciplinary approach -incorporating education, community needs
identification and development, and youth
leadership.
Partners for a Safer Community™

Features an instructional package
available for youth-teaching-youth
activities.

Allows concepts to be incorporated into
your FFA chapter’s Program of Activities
and National Chapter Rating application.
Goals of
Partners for a Safer Community™

Increase student knowledge of safety
and health-promoting behaviors.

Provide teachers and community leaders
with necessary tools for teaching youth
safety successfully.
Goals of
Partners for a Safer Community™

Provide leadership development
opportunities for students through active
community participation.

Expand the use of existing safety
resources.

Foster ongoing community collaboration
for youth safety issues and programs.
Sponsors of
Partners for a Safer Community™

John Deere

New Holland

Lorsban* 15G

Farm Safety 4 Just Kids

Pioneer Hi-Bred
International, Inc.

National Farm Medicine
Center

Kellogg Foundation

National Safety Council

Equipment Manufacturers
Institute

Cooperative Extension
Service

National Food and
Energy Council

National FFA

Agricultural Education
Related Organizations

NIOSH
Summary

Although the rate of occupational related
accidents, injuries, and illnesses is on the
decline, more can always be done to
improve the situation.

Preserving the health and lives of
American workers is the ultimate goal of
safety efforts.
Summary

Saving money is an additional benefit of safety
efforts.
 According
to OSHA and the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics, workplace injuries and illnesses cost U.S.
businesses more than $125 billion each year.
 Increased
safety and prevention efforts can reduce
expenses associated with workers’ compensation
insurance premiums, medical expenses, lost
production, and safety violation fines.
Summary

Money saved by successful safety
programs can also be passed on to
consumers in the form of lower prices.

Improved safety programs also give
consumers comfort in knowing that the
goods and services they enjoy do not
come at the price of American workers’
lives.
Summary

Everyone shares the responsibility for safety and
prevention.
 Employers
must make every effort to provide a safe
work environment and educate their employees
regarding workplace hazards and safety practices.
 Employees
must recognize workplace hazards and
adhere to safety guidelines.
 Government
entities and public organizations must
remain diligent in their efforts to enforce safety laws
and standards and to educate both employers and
employees on matters regarding safety.