Mammalian Dissection - Fetal Pig
Significant Structures and Physiological Adaptations
Mammalian Dissection - Structure, Function and Location
Cardiovascular System
1.
Structure: Heart
Function: Forces blood through
circulatory system, delivering
oxygen and nutrients.
2.
Structure: Arteries
Function: Deliver blood (usually oxygen
rich) away from the heart.
3.
Structure: Veins
Function: Deliver blood (usually oxygen
depleted) to the heart.
Mammalian Dissection - Structure, Function and Location
Respiratory System
4.
Structure: Trachea
Function: Conducts air to and from
the lungs.
5.
Structure: Lungs
Function: Responsible for the
exchange of gases between the blood
and atmosphere.
6.
*Structure: Diaphragm
Function: Muscle responsible for
aiding in breathing. Flattens on
contraction, increasing volume in
thoracic cavity.
Mammalian Dissection - Structure, Function and Location
Digestive System
7.
Structure: Stomach
Function: Receives and partially breaks down food. Limited
nutrient absorption.
8.
Structure: Liver
Function: Purifies blood, stores sugars, produces bile.
9.
Structure: Pancreas
Function: Produces digestive enzymes that enter small
intestine.
10. Structure: Small Intestine
Function: Uses digestive enzymes to breakdown and absorb
food products passed from stomach.
11.
Structure: Large Intestine
Function: Absorbs water and eliminates waste.
12. Structure: Cecum
Function: Contains microorganisms that help digest
cellulose in herbivores.
13. Structure: Rectum
Function: Storage area for feces that will be eliminated.
Mammalian Dissection - Structure, Function and Location
Lymphatic System
14. Structure: Spleen
Function: Stores and produces red blood
cells and certain lymphocytes. Involved
in cleansing blood and immune response.
Urinary System
15. Structure: Kidney
Function: Eliminates waste from the blood stream. Concentrates liquid
wastes and eliminates excess water.
16. Structure: Ureter
Function: Carries urine from kidney to urinary bladder.
17. Structure: Urinary Bladder
Function: Stores urine prior to elimination.
Mammalian Dissection - Structure, Function and Location
Reproductive System
18. Structure: Testes
Function: Produces sperm and male sex
hormones.
19. Structure: Penis
Function: Male organ of copulation and
urination.
20. Structure: Urethra
Function: Tube that connects urinary bladder
to urogenital opening where urine is expelled.
21. Structure: Ovary
Function: Produces eggs and female sex
hormones.
22. Structure: Uterus
Function: Location of embryonic
development in females.
Identification - Name these
structures!
1
3
11
2
13
14
4
5
7
6
8
9
10
12
Significant Mammalian Physiological Adaptations
#1: Lung
Importance of Adaptation: Well developed and
efficient with lots of surface area. Important for
endothermy.
9
#2: Heart
7
8
2
1
Liver
4
3
5
6
Importance of Adaptation: Large, strong 4chambered heart. Important for endothermy.
#3: Stomach
Importance of Adaptation: Fairly large, allowing for
large food intake. Important for endothermy.
#4: Small Intestine
Importance of Adaptation: Long and folded for
efficient nutrient absorption. Important for
endothermy.
#5: Kidneys
Importance of Adaptation: Important for water
conservation on land.
#6: Reproductive Organs
Importance of Adaptation: Specialized for internal
fertilization. Important for survival on land.
Significant Mammalian Physiological Adaptations
9
7
8
2
1
Liver
4
#7
Structure: Muscles and Limbs
Function: Movement and support of body.
Importance of Adaptation: High muscle mass and 4
limbs contribute to rapid and efficient movement.
(possibly due to endothermy)
#8
Structure: Ribs
Function: Protect and support organs in thoracic
cavity.
Importance of Adaptation: Especially strong in
vertebrates adapted to life on land.
3
5
6
#9
Structure: Fat and Fur
Function: Insulation of heat.
Importance of Adaptation: Thick fat layers and hair
prevent heat loss. Important for endothermy.