Learning Target: Skeletal System
I Can… Describe the general
function and organization of
the skeletal system.
I Will…
•
•
•
•
Ch. 33.1, pp. 1000-1005
List the components & Describe
the functions of the skeletal
system
Classify the different types of
bones by shape and composition
Classify different types of joints
by composition & movement
Describe the two main divisions
of the skeletal system
The components of the human skeletal system:
• Bones
• Calcification process of combining protein
collagen and calcium phosphate
• Cartilage
• Flexible connective tissue found between
your bones that cushions bones and allows
for smooth movement
• Ligaments
• Long flexible bands of connective tissue that
connect two bones across a joint
• Joint – place where two bones meet
allowing for different ranges of
movement
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Where the femur and tibia meet form
the knee joint.
Functions of the Skeletal System:
• Structure and support
•
Framework of the body
• Protects internal organs
•
e.g. cranium, vertebrae, ribs
• Resource storage of calcium
•
Ca2+ necessary for many body processes
• Nerve conduction, muscle
contraction, blood clotting
• Attachment point for muscles
•
Movement
• Makes blood cells (bone marrow)
•
Hematopoiesis
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Hematopoiesis – production and
specialization of blood cells in the bone
marrow from pluripotent hematopoietic stem
cells.
Bone Classification by Shape:
• Long
•
Longer than wide
•
All bones of the limbs except wrist and
ankle bones e.g. humerus, femur
• Short
•
Cube-shaped
•
e.g. Wrist and ankle bones
• Flat
•
Thin, flat and curved; like a “bone
sandwich”
•
e.g. cranial, sternum
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Bone Classification by Shape:
• Irregular
•
Irregular prominences / shape
•
e.g. vertebrae (pl.) vertebra (s)
Special Category (not by shape)
• Sesamoid
•
Bone that develops within a tendon
•
•
Tend to be short bones
e.g. knee cap or patella
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Bone Classification by Shape:
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Bone Classification by Composition:
Compact bone and Spongy bone
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Bone Classification by Composition:
Compact bone – hard and dense (80%)
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Bone Classification by Composition:
Spongy bone – porous; holds and
protects marrow
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Bone Formation:
• Endochondral – flexible hyaline cartilage
becomes bone
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Bone Formation:
• Intramembranous –
• Forms within fibrous connective
membrane
• All flat bones
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Skeletal joint – area where two bones meet and
allow for different degrees of movement
• Classified by type and degree of movement
• Fibrous joints
• Immovable
• e.g. Teeth in jaw
• e.g. Cranial bones
• Cartilaginous joints
• Allow partial movement
• e.g. Disks between vertebrae
• e.g. Breastbone and ribs
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Synovial joints
• Most movable
• Cushioned by cartilage
• Held together by ligament
1. Gliding joints – allows flat surfaces to slide
over each other.
a) Ankle, Wrist
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
2. Pivot joints – allows flat surfaces to slide over
each other.
a) Two bones turn on each
other allow rotation
3. Saddle joints – Allows bone to move front to
back and left to right.
a) Thumb
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
It’s
time
to
Move
It
4. Hinge joints – Allows bone to move in one
direction back and forth
a) Knee, elbow
5. Ball-and-socket joints – Allows bone to move
most freely; front and back, side to side and
circumduction (circle).
a) Shoulder, Hip
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Two Main Divisions of the Skeletal System:
• Axial (80 bones)
• Axis – Central line around which a body
rotates
• Bones of the Head, Neck, Back, and Trunk
(chest)
• Supports the weight of the body
• Protects internal organs
• Appendicular (126 bones)
• Appendages – attachments to the main body
• Bones of the arms and legs along with their
attachment points
• Allows the body to move
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Learning
Target:
Skeletal
System
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Learning Check: Skeletal System
1. What are the components of the
skeletal system?
2. List the functions of the skeletal
system.
3. Name five different types of bones
categorized by shape.
4. Name two types of bone tissue.
5. Name two processes of ossification.
6. Classify joints by composition.
7. Classify and describe joints by
movement.
8. Name the two divisions of the
skeletal system & describe their
function.