OBJECTIVES
•
BE ABLE TO LIST THE GENERAL
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
•
IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM
•
DISCUSS THE ACTIVE TISSUES FOUND
IN BONE
•
CLASSIFY BONES ACCORDING TO SHAPE

HUMAN SKELETON FACTS
•
MAKES UP 1/5 OF A HEALTHY BODY’S
WEIGHT
•
ADULTS HAVE 206 BONES ON AVERAGE
•
WE ARE BORN WITH 270 BONES , BUT
MANY OF FUSE TOGETHER AS WE GROW
•
LONGEST BONE IN THE BODY IS THE
FEMUR
•
SMALLEST BONE IN THE BODY IS THE
STAPES BONE IN THE MIDDLE EAR

DIVISIONS OF THE HUMAN
SKELETON
•
AXIAL SKELETON : INCLUDES THE
BONES OF THE SKULL, RIBS, SPINE, AND
STERNUM
•
APPENDICULAR SKELETON : INCLUDES
THE BONES OF THE ARMS, LEGS,
SCAPULA, CLAVICLE, AND PELVIS

AXIAL VS.
APPENDICULAR

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM
1.
SUPPORT : GIVES SHAPE & STRUCTURE TO
THE BODY
2.
MOVEMENT : PROVIDES A RIGID
FRAMEWORK AGAINST WHICH MUSCLES
CAN PULL
3.
PROTECTION : PROTECTS DELICATE
INTERNAL ORGANS SUCH AS THE RIB CAGE
PROTECTING THE HEART & LUNGS

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM
4.
BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION : SITE OF
HEMATOPOIESIS , WHICH IS THE PROCESS
THAT PRODUCES RED BLOOD CELLS,
PLATELETS AND SOME WHITE BLOOD
CELLS FROM THE BONE MARROW
5.
STORAGE : STORES MINERALS SUCH AS
CALCIUM & PHOSPHORUS
6.
ENDOCRINE REGULATION : BONE CELLS
RELEASE THE HORMONE OSTEOCALCIN
WHICH CONTROLS THE REGULATION OF
BLOOD SUGAR AND FAT DEPOSITION

TISSUES OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM
•
BONE
•
CARTILAGE
•
DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
•
BLOOD
•
NERVOUS

4 CLASSIFICATIONS OF BONES
LONG BONES : HAVE LONG LONGITUDINAL
AXES AND EXPANDED ENDS
•
EXAMPLES: RADIUS, ULNA, FEMUR
SHORT BONES : ARE CUBE-LIKE, WITH
ROUGHLY EQUAL LENGTHS AND WIDTHS
•
EXAMPLES: CARPALS AND TARSALS
•
SESAMOID (ROUND) BONE : IS A SPECIAL TYPE
OF SHORT BONE THAT IS SMALL AND NODULAR
AND EMBEDDED IN A TENDON ADJACENT TO A
JOINT
•
EXAMPLE: PATELLA (KNEE CAP)

4 CLASSIFICATIONS OF BONES
•
FLAT BONES : ARE PLATE-LIKE
STRUCTURES WITH BROAD SURFACES
•
EXAMPLES: RIBS, SCAPULA, AND
PARTS OF THE SKULL
•
IRREGULAR BONES : HAVE A VARIETY OF
SHAPES AND MOST ARE CONNECTED TO
SEVERAL OTHER BONES
•
EXAMPLES: VERTEBRAE AND MANY
FACIAL BONES

PARTS OF THE SKULL

PARTS OF THE SKULL

DIFFERENCES B/W MALES &
FEMALES
•
MALES HAVE SLIGHTLY THICKER AND
LONGER LEGS AND ARMS
•
MALES HAVE LONGER AND THICKER
PHALANGES
•
FEMALES HAVE A WIDER PELVIS AND A
LARGER SPACE WITHIN THE PELVIS
•
FEMALES HAVE NARROWER RIB CAGES,
SMALLER TEETH, LESS ANGULAR
MANDIBLES, LESS PRONOUNCED CRANIAL
FEATURES, AND CARRYING ANGLE OF THE
FOREARM IS MORE PRONOUNCED