Tissue
Groups of cells similar in structure and function
Nervous tissue: Internal communication
• Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Muscle tissue: Contracts to cause
movement
• Muscles attached to
• Muscles of heart (
)
• Muscles of walls of hollow organs
(smooth)
Epithelial tissue: Forms boundaries
between different environments,
protects, secretes, absorbs, filters
• Skin surface (
)
• Lining of GI tract organs and other
hollow organs
Connective tissue:
• Bones
• Tendons
• Fat and other soft padding tissue
*Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium)
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Two main types (by location):
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1.
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On external and internal surfaces
2.

Secretory tissue in glands
Characteristics
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Cells have polarity—upper and lower surfaces
Are composed of closely packed cells
Continuous sheets held together by tight junctions and
Supported by a connective tissue reticular lamina (under
the basal lamina)
Avascular but
High rate of regeneration
Classification
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Ask two questions:
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1.
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1 = simple epithelium / pseudostratified
>1 = stratified epithelium
2.
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?
?
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
(If stratified, name according to upper layer of cells)
Apical surface
Basal surface
Simple
Apical surface
Basal surface
Stratified
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Simple Squamous
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Substances easily pass through
Lines blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
Lines
(alveoli)
Function:
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Simple Cuboidal
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Single layer of
Lines kidney tubules
Covers ovaries
Lines ducts of some glands
Function:
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Simple Columnar
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Single layer of
May have cilia
May contain microvilli
Often have
Lines the
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Function:
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Pseudostratified Columnar
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Single layer of cells that
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Usually contain cillia and goblet cells
Lines the
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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Many cell layers
Top cells
shaped
Can accumulate
Makes up the outer skin layer (Epidermis)
Lines oral cavity (think gums), vagina, and anal canal
Function:
Transitional Epithelium
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Many cell layers
Changes thickness
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Lines the urinary bladder, ureters and part of urethra
*Connective tissues
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3 Types:
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Fibroblasts:
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Large, star shaped
Fixed cells
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Macrophages
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Wandering cell
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Mast cells
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Fixed
Release heparin –
Release histamine – promotes reactions of
Major Fiber Types
Fiber
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Thick with great strength
Composed of
Abundant in dense connective
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Found in tendons and ligaments
Fiber Types
Fiber
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Composed of
Fibers are branched and flexible
Found in
Fiber Types
fibers
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Very thin collagenous fibers
Highly branched
Forms supportive network
Loose Fibrous Connective
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Contains many
Fluid to gel like matrix
Collagenous and elastic fibers
Binds skin to
Found beneath most epithelia
Found
Adipose Connective
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Has specialized cells called
Cushions, insulates, and stores fat
Found under the skin
Found
Connective
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Compose of
Provides
Forms the framework for liver, spleen, and other
lymphatic organs
Dense fibrous connective
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Packed with
Has only a few
Poor blood supply
Binds body parts together
Forms tendons and ligaments
Found in
Elastic Connective
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Abundant with elastic fibers
Few
Contains fibroblasts
Found as attachment between
Found in the walls of large arteries, airways and the heart
Bone Connective
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Solid matrix
Cells called osteocytes
Cells found in
Supports and protects
Provides attachment for
Produces blood cells
(chambers)
Blood Connective
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Fluid matrix called
Red blood cells, white blood cells and
Function:
Defends against infection
Aids in
Contained within blood vessels
*Cartilage
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Rigid Matrix
(cells) in lacunae (chambers)
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Poor blood supply
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3 Types:
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Hyaline Cartilage Connective
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Most
type
Found on the
Forms part of the rib cage
Located on the tip of the nose & in resp. passages
Forms the
Elastic Cartilage Connective
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Forms external ear
Found within the
Fibrocartilage Connective
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Very tough
Acts as a
Forms
Pads within the knee and pelvic girdle
*Muscle Tissue

Skeletal

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Attached to bones
Smooth muscle

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Not
Found in the walls of internal organs & blood vessels
Located in the
Cardiac muscle

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Contains intercalated discs
Found in the walls of the heart
* Nerve Tissue
• Cells are called
• Function in
*Membranes

Serous

Lines body cavities that

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Contains serous fluid
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Composed of epithelial and connective tissue
Inner lining of the thoracic and abdominal cavities
membranes
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Mucous
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Lines tubes and organs
Secretes
Composed of epithelial and connective tissue
Lines oral and nasal passageways, digestive tract, respiratory
tract, urinary & Reproductive tract
membranes

Cutaneous

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Covers
Composed of epithelial and connective tissue
Skin!
membranes
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Synovial
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May contain
Secretes
Composed of connective tissue
Inner lining of joints