Tissues of the Body
Reminder: Atom  Molecule  Cell  Tissue  Organ  System
Questions:
What is Cytology?
What is Histology?
What does the fox say?
Histology - the study of tissues
• Gamete = sex cells
Somatic = body cells
(Sperm & Egg)
• Zygote = fertilized egg
• Differentiation (morphogenesis) = the changes
cells make to become specialized
• Specialization = the specific functions cells can do
• Histogenesis = the changes tissues make to become
more specialized
4 Primary Tissues:
–Epithelial tissue
–Connective tissue
–Muscle tissue
–Nervous tissue
Epithelial Tissue
• Two types:
– membranous
• coverings or linings of organs
– glandular
• form exocrine and endocrine glands
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
• Figure 4.4
Epithelium-Human Stomach
Glandular Epithelia
• Epithelial tissues
illustrate a basic
biological principle:
structure closely
correlates with
function
Connective Tissue
• Binds the cells & organs of the body together
– Connective tissue consist of two components: cells
& a matrix (extracellular fibers)
2 Types of
Connective Tissue
• Proper connective:
• Loose – adipose (fat)
• Dense – tendons &
ligaments
• Specialized connective:
• Cartilage
• Bone
• Blood
Connective Tissue
Specialized protein fibers in the matrix:
Elastin = flexibility
Collagen = strength
Connective Tissue
Connective
Tissue
Connective Tissue
• An important structural component of organs
– Proper Connective Tissue:
• Dense
• Loose
Connective Tissue
•Cartilage
–Consists of
specialized cells
embedded in a
matrix of
extracellular fibers &
other extracellular
material
Blood Tissue is made of 2 parts:
-Corpuscles (blood cells)
corpuscle
Red Blood Cell
White Blood
Cell
Platelets
name
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
function
carries O2
fights disease
blood clotting
*other
contains hemoglobin
(protein) & iron (Fe)
5 different types of cells
(diverse)
cell fragments
-Plasma (liquid)
Osseous Tissue
• Bone
– Consists of bone cells
(osteocytes) and a
calcified cartilage
matrix
Osseous Tissue
Muscle Tissue
•Made of highly specialized cells that
contract, or shorten, when
stimulated to produce movement.
•Because they are elongated they are
called muscle fibers.
Muscle Tissue
Involuntary
Voluntary
one nucleus per cell
multi-nucleated cells
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
(visceral)
(contains intercalated discs)
(striated)
No striations
Striated
Muscle Tissue
M
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T
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Nervous Tissue
• Contains specialized cells
that conduct impulses
• Conducting cells, called
neurons, transmit
impulses from one region
of the body to another.
• Nonconducting cells,
neuroglia, are a type of
supporting tissue.
Nerve Tissue
Nerve Tissue
Organ Systems
• Tissues combine to form organs.
– Organs are discrete structures that have evolved to
perform specific functions
– Most organs do not function alone, they are part of a
group of cooperative organs, called an organ
system.